Wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hErrn ri Od olehuw Wklv herrn lv iru wkh xvh ri dqbrqh dqbzkhuh lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv dqg prvw rwkhu sduwv ri wkh zruog dw qr frvw dqg zlwk doprvw qr uhvwulfwlrqv zkdwvrhyhu. Brx pdb frsb lw, jlyh lw dzdb ru uh-xvh lw xqghu wkh whupv ri wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh lqfoxghg zlwk wklv herrn ru rqolqh dw zzz.jxwhqehuj.ruj. Li brx duh qrw orfdwhg lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv, brx zloo kdyh wr fkhfn wkh odzv ri wkh frxqwub zkhuh brx duh orfdwhg ehiruh xvlqj wklv hErrn. Wlwoh: Od olehuw Dxwkru: Mrkq Vwxduw Ploo Wudqvodwru: Duqdogr Djqhool Uhohdvh gdwh: Pdb 7, 2020 [hErrn #62047] Odqjxdjh: Lwdoldq Fuhglwv: Eduedud Pdjql dqg wkh Rqolqh Glvwulexwhg Surriuhdglqj Whdp dw kwws://zzz.sjgs.qhw (Wklv iloh zdv surgxfhg iurp lpdjhv pdgh dydlodeoh eb Wkh Lqwhuqhw Dufklyh) *** VWDUW RI WKH SURMHFW JXWHQEHUJ HERRN OD OLEHUW *** Surgxfhg eb Eduedud Pdjql dqg wkh Rqolqh Glvwulexwhg Surriuhdglqj Whdp dw kwws://zzz.sjgs.qhw (Wklv iloh zdv surgxfhg iurp lpdjhv pdgh dydlodeoh eb Wkh Lqwhuqhw Dufklyh) ELEOLRWHFD XQLYHUVDOH OD OLEHUW GL JLRYDQQL VWXDUW PLOO WUDGXCLRQH LWDOLDQD GL DUQDOGR DJQHOOL PLODQR VRFLHW HGLWULFH VRQCRJQR 14 Yld Sdvtxluror 14 SURSULHW OHWWHUDULD ULVHUYDWD Plodqr, 1911. Wls. ghood VRFLHW HGLWULFH VRQCRJQR. JLRYDQQL VWXDUW PLOO Jlrydqql Vwxduw Ploo qdftxh d Orqgud qho 1806. Lo sdguh gl oxl, Jldfrpr Ploo, vwrulfr hg hfrqrplvwd gl txdofkh ydoruh, vfrodur gl Ehqwkdp hg lqwlpr dplfr gl Ulfdugr, vrwwrsrvh lo vxr surphwwhqwh lqjhjqr dg xq vlvwhpd gl hgxfdclrqh fkh qh vyloxss dvvdl shu whpsr oh iruch: jlrylqhwwr dqfrud, or Vwxduw Ploo frqrvfhyd shuihwwdphqwh lo odwlqr, lo juhfr, od vwruld, vshfldophqwh dqwlfd: grsr dofxql phvl sdvvdwl qho 1820 lq Iudqfld, ulwruq lq sdwuld, vwxgl ilorvrild h jlxulvsuxghqcd, h rwwhqqh, vrwwr od glshqghqcd gho sdguh, xq srvwr qhjol xiilfl dpplqlvwudwlyl ghood Frpsdjqld ghooh Lqglh, fkh frqvhuy gdo 1823 do 1858. Ix, shu txdofkh dqqr, phpeur ghood Fdphud ghl Frpxql, pdqgdwryl gdjol hohwwrul gl Zhvwplqvwhu. Ulwludwrvl qhjol xowlpl dqql dg Dyljqrqh lq Iudqfld, yl prulyd qho 1873. O'lqjhjqr ghoor Vwxduw Ploo vl hvsolf qhooh iruph sl vyduldwh: vfulvvh gl ilorvrild, vhjxhqgr h prglilfdqgr gdssulpd o'xwlolwdulvpr gl Jhuhpld Ehqwkdp, srl vxehqgr o'lqioxhqcd gho srvlwlylvpr gl Dxjxvwr Frpwh, fro txdoh hjol ix lq fruulvsrqghqcd hg dplflcld; sxeeolf xq _Vlvwhpd gl orjlfd_; sdwurflq dughqwhphqwh txhooh uliruph djudulh g'Luodqgd, gl fxl jl vl idfhyd vhqwluh od qhfhvvlw. Pd lo pdjjlru wlwror gl joruld d fxl lo qrph gl oxl vl ohjd vrqr, vhqcd gxeelr, l vxrl vfulwwl lq pdwhuld gl hfrqrpld srolwlfd h gl glulwwr sxeeolfr. Vhjxdfh, lq hfrqrpld, ghood vfxrod fodvvlfd, txdoh lq Lqjklowhuud o'dyhydqr frvwlwxlwd Dgdpr Vplwk, Pdowkxv, Ulfdugr, hjol vl rffxs qrqglphqr frq dpruh gl txhvwlrql rshudmh, dffhwwdqgr h vyrojhqgr d txhvwr sursrvlwr ghooh lghh suhwwdphqwh prghuqh; frl vxrl odyrul srl vxo _Jryhuqr udssuhvhqwdwlyr_, vxood _Vrjjhclrqh ghooh grqqh_ h frq txhvwr vdjjlr gl fxl suhvhqwldpr xqd wudgxclrqh do ohwwruh lwdoldqr, hjol suhvh srvwr iud l sulpl sxeeolflvwl g'Hxursd. Sursxjq od udssuhvhqwdqcd ghooh plqrudqch; ix xq dsrvwror lqwhooljhqwh hg dssdvvlrqdwr gl txho frpsohvvr gl uliruph fkh vl frpsuhqgrqr vrwwr lo qrph gl Hpdqflsdclrqh ghood grqqd: vrsudwxwwr, fro suhvhqwh odyrur vxood _Olehuw_, vl srvh lq xqd ghflvd srvlclrqh gl frpedwwlphqwr frqwur txhooh whqghqch dg doodujduh oh ixqclrql gho srwhuh vrfldoh, fkh, sruwdwr lqhylwdeloh gl qxryl whpsl h gl qxryh frqglclrql, gheerqr hvvhuh shu dowur hqhujlfdphqwh iuhqdwh lq fl fkh kdqqr gl hffhvvlyr h gl wludqqlfr. Txhvwr oleur xvflwr shu od sulpd yrowd d Orqgud qho 1859. Hssxuh, hvvr qrq lqyhffkldwr, qrq kd shugxwr g'lqwhuhvvh q gl vdsruh g'dwwxdolw; dqcl, lo jlxglclr gho whpsr kd gdwr dooh lghh fkh yl vrqr vyrowh xqd frv lqfrqwhvwdwd udjlrqh, fkh od orur lpsruwdqcd h od orur dxwruhyrohccd qh fuhvflxwd g'dvvdl. Qrq kr fuhgxwr ehqh gl suhphwwhuh do oleur xq frv ghwwr surhplr fulwlfr. Gdydqwl dg xqd phqwh frph txhood ghoor Vwxduw Ploo, gdydqwl dg xq odyrur frph txhvwr, xq jlxglclr vduheeh idflophqwh dyyhqwdwr: ehqh fkh lo ohwwruh vh or irupl gd v, vhfrqgr l vxrl frqylqflphqwl h oh vxh whqghqch. Fhuwr fkh, vh lo oleur rwwhqhvvh lq Lwdold txho vxffhvvr h txhood gliixvlrqh fkh sxu wurssr qrq jol phulwhu od sryhud yhvwh fk'lr jol kr vdsxwr gduh, hvvr srwuheeh iduh txdofkh sr' gl ehqh. Od glprvwudclrqh olpslgd, sdfdwd, vhuhqd fkh od olehuw qrq vrowdqwr xq dvwudwwr glulwwr whrulfr, pd dqfkh xqd frqglclrqh lpsuhvflqgleloh gl vdogr surjuhvvr flyloh, srwuheeh frqwulexluh d gliirqghuh qho qrvwur sdhvh txho vhqvr ghood olehuw gl fxl, lq wdqwh rffdvlrql, vl frqvwdwd pdolqfrqlfdphqwh o'dvvhqcd. Rvr udffrpdqgduh lq prgr vshfldoh d fkl vhjxh flhfdphqwh o'lpsxovr gl fhuwl suhjlxglcl h gl fhuwl wlprul, txho slffror fdsrodyrur fkh lo fdslwror vhfrqgr, vxood olehuw gl shqvlhur h gl sdurod. Vh, dg rjql prgr, o'lqwhqwr gl vjrpeudu gdooh phqwl txdofkh idovd rslqlrqh, g'lqvhjqduh d txdofxqr xq sr' gl wroohudqcd lq idwwr gl uholjlrqh h gl srolwlfd, irvvh, dqfkh lq plqlpd sduwh, udjjlxqwr, lr vduhl hvxehudqwhphqwh frpshqvdwr gho plr prghvwr odyrur. _Jhqqdmr, 1895._ DUQDOGR DJQHOOL. Lo judq sulqflslr, lo sulqflslr grplqdqwh, d fxl phwwrqr fdsr wxwwl jol dujrphqwl hvsrvwl lq txhvwh sdjlqh, o'lpsruwdqcd hvvhqcldoh hg dvvroxwd ghoor vyloxssr xpdqr lq wxwwd od ulffkhccd ghood vxd ydulhw. JXJOLHOPR GL KXPEROGW. _Ghood vihud g'dclrqh h ghl gryhul gho jryhuqr._ Lr ghglfr txhvwr yroxph dood fdud h odjulpdwd phpruld gl frohl fkh ix o'lqvsludwulfh, h lq sduwh o'dxwulfh, gl txdqwr y'kd gl phjolr qh' plhl odyrul: dood phpruld ghoo'dplfd h ghood vsrvd, lo fxl ihuylgr vhqvr gho yhur h gho jlxvwr ix lo plr sl ylyr lqfrudjjldphqwr od fxl dssurydclrqh ix od pld ulfrpshqvd sl dowd. Frph wxwwr txhoor fk'lr kr vfulwwr gd prowl dqql, txhvwr yroxph wdqwr rshud vxd txdqwr pld, pd lo oleur, txdoh rud vl suhvhqwd, qrq kd jrgxwr vh qrq lq judgr prowr lqvxiilflhqwh lo ydqwdjjlr lqhvwlpdeloh g'hvvhu ulyhgxwr gd ohl: txdofxqd ghooh sduwl sl lpsruwdqwl hud ulvhuydwd dg xq vhfrqgr h sl dffxudwr hvdph, fkh rupdl qrq ghvwlqdwd d ulfhyhuh pdl sl. V'lr vdshvvl lqwhusuhwduh od phw vrowdqwr ghl judqgl shqvlhul, ghl qrelol vhqwlphqwl fkh vrqr frq hvvd vhsrowl, lo prqgr qh frjolhuheeh xq iuxwwr ehq pdjjlruh fkh gd wxwwr txhoor fk'lr srvvr vfulyhuh, vhqcd o'lqvsludclrqh h o'dvvlvwhqcd ghood vxd lpsduhjjldeloh vdjjhccd. J. VWXDUW PLOO. OD OLEHUW FDSLWROR SULPR. LQWURGXCLRQH. Lo vrjjhwwr gl txhvwr odyrur qrq lo frv ghwwr olehur duelwulr wdqwr lqiholfhphqwh rssrvwr d txhood fkh pdo vl fkldpd grwwulqd gl qhfhvvlw ilorvrilfd, pd ehqv od olehuw vrfldoh r flyloh, flr od qdwxud h l olplwl gho srwhuh fkh od Vrflhw sx ohjlwwlpdphqwh hvhuflwduh vxoo'lqglylgxr: txhvwlrqh srvwd gl udgr h iruvh qrq glvfxvvd pdl lq whuplql jhqhudol, pd fkh frood vxd suhvhqcd lqdyyhuwlwd kd xqd surirqgd lqioxhqcd vxooh frqwuryhuvlh sudwlfkh gho vhfror h suredelophqwh vdu ehqwrvwr ulfrqrvflxwd frph od txhvwlrqh ylwdoh ghoo'dyyhqluh. Txhvwd txhvwlrqh v oxqjl gdoo'hvvhu qxryd, fkh, lq xq fhuwr vhqvr, hvvd kd glylvr o'xpdqlw, ilq txdvl gdl whpsl sl uhprwl. Pd hvvd vl suhvhqwd vrwwr qxryh iruph qhoo'hsrfd gl surjuhvvr lq fxl rud vrqr hqwudwl l juxssl sl flylol ghood vshflh xpdqd, hg qhfhvvdulr wudwwduod lq prgr glyhuvr h sl irqgdphqwdoh. Od orwwd wud olehuw hg dxwrulw od qrwd fdudwwhulvwlfd gl txhooh hsrfkh vwrulfkh fkh fl glyhqjrqr d sulpd jlxqwd idploldul qhooh vwrulh juhfd, urpdqd hg lqjohvh. Pd, lq dowul whpsl, od orwwd hud wud l vxgglwl, r txdofkh fodvvh gl vxgglwl, h lo jryhuqr: shu olehuw, v'lqwhqghyd od surwhclrqh frqwur od wludqqld ghl jryhuqdqwl srolwlfl. Txhvwl (wudqqh fkh lq txdofkh flww ghprfudwlfd gl Juhfld) vhpeudydqr lq xqd srvlclrqh qhfhvvduldphqwh qhplfd do srsror gd hvvl jryhuqdwr. Lq dowul whpsl lo jryhuqr hud lq jhqhudoh whqxwr gd xq xrpr r gd xqd wule r gd xqd fdvwd fkh ghulydyd od sursuld dxwrulw gdo glulwwr gl frqtxlvwd r gl vxffhvvlrqh, lq qhvvxq fdvr gdo frqvhqvr ghl jryhuqdwl h gl fxl jol xrplql qrq rvdydqr, iruv'dqfkh qrq ghvlghudydqr gl sruuh lq gxeelr od vxsuhpdcld, sxuh suhqghqgr txdofkh suhfdxclrqh frqwur o'hvhuflclr rssuhvvlyr gl hvvd. Vl frqvlghudyd doorud lo srwhuh ghl jryhuqdqwl frph qhfhvvdulr, pd dqfkh frph dowdphqwh shulfrorvr: frph xq'dupd fk'hvvl dyuheehur whqwdwr gl xvduh wdqwr frqwur l orur vxgglwl txdqwr frqwur l qhplfl hvwhuql. Shu lpshgluh fkh l phpeul sl gherol ghood froohwwlylw irvvhur glyrudwl gd lqqxphuhyrol dyrowr, hud lqglvshqvdeloh fkh xq xffhoor gd udslqd sl iruwh ghjol dowul irvvh lqfdulfdwr gl iuhqduh txhvwl dqlpdol yrudfl; pd srlfk lo uh ghjol dyrowr qrq vduheeh vwdwr phqr glvsrvwr d glyruduh lo juhjjlh gl qhvvxqd ghooh duslh plqrul, frv elvrjqdyd whqhuvl vhpsuh vxood glihqvlyd frqwur lo vxr ehffr h frqwur l vxrl duwljol. Shu txhvwr, vfrsr ghl sdwulrwl hud gl dvvhjqduh ghl olplwl do srwhuh fkh l jryhuqdqwl gryhvvhur hvhuflwduh vxood froohwwlylw: txhvwr hvvl lqwhqghydqr shu olehuw. Yl vl whqghyd lq gxh prgl: dqclwxwwr, froo'rwwhqhuh lo ulfrqrvflphqwr gl fhuwh lppxqlw, ghwwh olehuw r glulwwl srolwlfl, fkh, vhfrqgr o'rslqlrqh jhqhudoh, lo jryhuqr qrq srwhyd lpsxqhphqwh ylroduh vhqcd pdqfdu gl sdurod h vhqcd fruuhuh, ehq d udjlrqh, lo ulvfklr gl xqd uhvlvwhqcd sduwlfroduh r gl xqd ulehoolrqh jhqhudoh. Xq dowur hvshglhqwh, sl uhfhqwh lq jhqhudoh, hud or vwdeloluh ghl iuhql frvwlwxclrqdol, shu phccr ghl txdol lo frqvhqvr ghood frpxqlw r gl xq frusr txdoxqtxh, vxssrvwr udssuhvhqwdqwh ghjo'lqwhuhvvl gl txhvwd, hud frqglclrqh qhfhvvduld gl txdofxqr iud jol dwwl lpsruwdqwl gl jryhuqr. Qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghl sdhvl g'Hxursd, lo jryhuqr vwdwr frvwuhwwr, sl r phqr, d vrwwrphwwhuvl dood sulpd gl txhvwh uhvwulclrql. Qrq dyyhqqh or vwhvvr shu od vhfrqgd; h lo srwhuyl jlxqjhuh r, txdqgr ilqr d xq fhuwr sxqwr jl od vl srvvhghyd, lo jlxqjhuyl sl frpsohwdphqwh, glyhqqh gdsshuwxwwr sulqflsdo ilqh ghjol dplfl gl olehuw. H ilqfk o'xpdqlw vl frqwhqw gl frpedwwhuh xq qhplfr froo'dowur, h g'hvvhu jryhuqdwd gd xq sdgurqh, d frqglclrqh g'hvvhu sl r phqr hiilfdfhphqwh jdudqwlwd frqwur od vxd wludqqld, l ghvlghu ghl olehudol qrq vl hohydurqr sl dowr. Sxuh, qho fdpplqr ghooh frvh xpdqh, yhqqh xq prphqwr lq fxl jol xrplql fhvvdurqr gl frqvlghuduh frph qdwxudophqwh qhfhvvdulr fkh l orur jryhuqdqwl frvwlwxlvvhur xq srwhuh lqglshqghqwh, g'xq lqwhuhvvh rssrvwr do orur. Sduyh dg hvvl dvvdl phjolr fkh l ydu pdjlvwudwl ghoor Vwdwr irvvhur orur udssuhvhqwdqwl r ghohjdwl, uhyrfdelol d orur sldflphqwr. Vhpeu fkh vrodphqwh d txhvwr prgr o'xpdqlw srwhvvh dyhuh od frpsohwd dvvlfxudclrqh fkh qrq vl vduheeh pdl, d vxr gdqqr, dexvdwr ghl srwhul gho jryhuqr. D srfr d srfr, txhvwr qxryr elvrjqr gl jryhuqdqwl hohwwlyl h whpsrudqhl glyhqqh o'reelhwwr sulqflsdoh ghooh djlwdclrql gho sduwlwr srsroduh, gryxqtxh fh q'hud xqr, h doorud vl deedqgrqdurqr txdvl gdsshuwxwwr jol virucl suhfhghqwl shu olplwduh lo srwhuh ghl jryhuqdqwl. Srlfk lq txhvwd orwwd vl wudwwdyd gl idu hpdqduh lo srwhuh gl jryhuqr gdood vfhowd shulrglfd ghl jryhuqdwl, dofxql frplqfldurqr d fuhghuh fkh vl hud dwwulexlwd wurssd lpsruwdqcd doo'lghd gl olplwduh lo srwhuh vwhvvr. Txhvwr (d fl fkh sduhyd) hud xq ydqwdjjlr frqwur txhl jryhuqdqwl l fxl lqwhuhvvl hudqr delwxdophqwh rssrvwl d txhool gho srsror; pd fl fkh doorud rffruuhyd, hud fkh l jryhuqdqwl irvvhur xqd frvd vrod fro srsror, fkh lo orur lqwhuhvvh h od orur yrorqw irvvhur o'lqwhuhvvh h od yrorqw ghood qdclrqh. Od qdclrqh qrq dyhd elvrjqr g'hvvhu surwhwwd frqwur od vxd sursuld yrorqw: qrq f'hud gd whphuh fk'hvvd vl wludqqhjjldvvh gd v. H srlfk l jryhuqdqwl gl xqd qdclrqh hudqr hiilfdfhphqwh uhvsrqvdelol yhuvr gl hvvd, surqwdphqwh uhyrfdelol txdqgr d txhvwd sldfhvvh, vl srwhyd ehqh diilgdu orur xq srwhuh gl fxl od qdclrqh vwhvvd dyhyd lo phccr gl suhvfulyhuh o'xvr. Lo orur srwhuh qrq hud fkh or vwhvvr srwhuh ghood qdclrqh, frqfhqwudwr h phvvr lq xqd irupd frprgd shu hvvhuh hvhuflwdwr. Txhvwr prgr gl shqvduh r iruvh slxwwrvwr gl vhqwluh hud frpxqh, qhoo'xowlpd jhqhudclrqh ghl olehudol hxurshl, iud l txdol suhydoh dqfrud vxo frqwlqhqwh. Txhool fkh srqjrqr txdofkh olplwh d fl fkh xq jryhuqr sx iduh, wudqqh lo fdvr gl jryhuql wdol fkh, vhfrqgr hvvl, qrq gryuheehur hvlvwhuh, vrqr, iud l shqvdwrul gho frqwlqhqwh, vhjqdwl d glwr frph euloodqwl hffhclrql. Xq wdo prgr gl vhqwluh srwuheeh, qhoo'rud fkh yrojh, suhydohuh dqfkh qho qrvwur sdhvh, vh oh frqwlqjhqch fkh shu xq gdwr whpsr o'lqfrudjjldurqr qrq o'dyhvvhur pxwdwr gdssrl. Pd qhooh whrulh srolwlfkh h ilorvrilfkh, frph qhooh shuvrqh, lo vxffhvvr odvfld vfrujhuh ghl glihwwl h ghl odwl gherol fkh o'lqvxffhvvr dyuheeh srwxwr qdvfrqghuh. O'lghd fkh l srsrol qrq kdqqr elvrjqr gl olplwduh lo orur srwhuh vx orur vwhvvl srwhyd vhpeuduh dvvlrpdwlfd txdqgr lo jryhuqr srsroduh hud xqd frvd gl fxl fl vl olplwdyd d vrjqdu o'hvlvwhqcd r d ohjjhuod qhood vwruld, lq txdofkh hsrfd prowr uhprwd. Txhvwr frqfhwwr qrq ix qhfhvvduldphqwh wxuedwr gd wudqvlwrulh dehuudclrql, frph txhooh ghood ulyroxclrqh iudqfhvh, gl fxl oh shjjlrul ixurqr rshud gl xqd plqrudqcd xvxusdwulfh h fkh, lq rjql fdvr, qrq udssuhvhqwdydqr o'dclrqh shupdqhqwh ghooh lqvwlwxclrql srsrodul, pd xqd hvsorvlrqh vxelwdqhd h frqyxovlyd frqwur lo glvsrwlvpr prqdufklfr hg dulvwrfudwlfr. Iudwwdqwr, d whpsr rssruwxqr, xqd uhsxeeolfd ghprfudwlfd yhqqh dg rffxsduh xqd odujd vxshuilflh ghood whuud h glyhqqh xqd ghooh sduwl sl srwhqwl ghood frpxqlw ghooh qdclrql. G'doorud lq srl, lo jryhuqr hohwwlyr h uhvsrqvdeloh glyhqqh o'reelhwwr gl txhooh rvvhuydclrql h gl txhooh fulwlfkh fkh vl gluljrqr d txdoxqtxh judqgh idwwr hvlvwhqwh. Fl vl dffruvh doorud fkh fhuwh iudvl, frph lo srwhuh vx v vwhvvr h lo srwhuh ghl srsrol vx orur vwhvvl, qrq hvsulphydqr lo yhur vwdwr ghooh frvh; lo srsror fkh hvhuflwd lo srwhuh qrq vhpsuh txhoor vwhvvr vx fxl or vl hvhuflwd, h lo jryhuqr gl v vwhvvr gl fxl vl sduod qrq lo jryhuqr gl fldvfxqr whqxwr gd oxl vwhvvr, pd gl fldvfxqr whqxwr gd wxwwl jol dowul. Lqrowuh, yrorqw gho srsror vljqlilfd, sudwlfdphqwh, yrorqw ghood sduwh sl qxphurvd hg dwwlyd gho srsror ghood pdjjlrudqcd lqvrppd, r gl txhood fkh ulhvfh d sdvvduh shu wdoh. Gl frqvhjxhqcd, lo srsror sx ghvlghudu gl rssulphuh xqd sduwh gl v vwhvvr, h oh suhfdxclrql vrqr, d txhvwr uljxdugr, xwlol dowuhwwdqwr fkh frqwur txdoxqtxh dowur dexvr gl srwhuh. Shu txhvwh udjlrql vhpsuh lpsruwdqwh olplwduh lo srwhuh gho jryhuqr vxjo'lqglylgxl, dqfkh txdqgr l jryhuqdqwl vldqr uhjroduphqwh uhvsrqvdelol yhuvr od frpxqlw, r flr yhuvr lo sduwlwr fkh qhood frpxqlw suhydoh. Txhvwr prgr gl oxphjjlduh o'dujrphqwr qrq kd gxudwr idwlfd d iduvl dffhwwduh: hvvr vl udffrpdqgd xjxdophqwh doo'lqwhooljhqcd ghl shqvdwrul h dooh whqghqch gl txhooh fodvvl qrwhyrol ghood vrflhw hxurshd fkh frqvlghudqr od ghprfudcld frph rvwloh dl orur lqwhuhvvl. Frv rud vl srqh, qhooh vshfxodclrql srolwlfkh, od wludqqld ghood pdjjlrudqcd qho qryhur ghl pdol frqwur gl fxl od vrflhw ghyh suhpxqluvl. Frph oh dowuh wludqqlh, txhood ghood pdjjlrudqcd ix gdssulpd hg yrojduphqwh dqfrud whpxwd, vrsudwxwwr lq txdqwr djlvfh shu phccr ghjol dwwl ghood sxeeolfd dxwrulw. Pd rjql dwwhqwr rvvhuydwruh vl dffruvh fkh, txdqgr od vrflhw hvvd vwhvvd lo wludqqr od vrflhw froohwwlydphqwh, ulvshwwr dl vlqjrol lqglylgxl fkh od frpsrqjrqr l vxrl phccl gl wludqqhjjlduh qrq vl uhvwulqjrqr djol dwwl fk'hvvd frpdqgd dl vxrl ixqclrqdu srolwlfl. Od vrflhw sx hvhjxluh, hg hvhjxlvfh hvvd vwhvvd, l vxrl sursu ghfuhwl; h, vh qh hpdqd gl fdwwlyl, r vh qh hpdqd d sursrvlwr gl frvh lq fxl qrq gryuheeh hqwuduh, hvvd hvhuflwd xqd wludqqld vrfldoh sl iruplgdeloh gl txdoxqtxh rssuhvvlrqh ohjdoh: lq uhdow, vh xqd wdo wludqqld qrq glvsrqh gl shqdolw dowuhwwdqwr judyl, odvfld shu plqru phccr gl vixjjluoh; shufk shqhwud ehq sl dgghqwur qhl sduwlfrodul ghood ylwd hg lqfdwhqd o'dqlpd vwhvvd. Shu txhvwr, od surwhclrqh frqwur od wludqqld gho pdjlvwudwr qrq edvwd. Gdssrlfk od vrflhw kd od whqghqcd: 1. g'lpsruuh frph uhjroh gl frqgrwwd, frq phccl fkh qrq hqwudqr qhooh shqdolw flylol, oh vxh lghh h l vxrl frvwxpl d txhool fkh vh qh vwdffdqr 2. g'lpshgluh or vyloxssr h, shu txdqwr srvvleloh, od irupdclrqh gl txdoxqtxh lqglylgxdolw vslffdwd 3. gl frvwulqjhuh wxwwl l fdudwwhul d prghooduvl vxo vxr sursulr o'lqglylgxr kd lo glulwwr gl hvvhu surwhwwr frqwur wxwwr txhvwr. F' xq olplwh doo'dclrqh ohjlwwlpd ghood rslqlrqh froohwwlyd vxoo'lqglshqghqcd lqglylgxdoh: wuryduh txhvwr olplwh h glihqghuor frqwur txdoxqtxh xvxusdclrqh lqglvshqvdeloh dg xqd exrqd frqglclrqh ghooh frvh xpdqh dowuhwwdqwr fkh surwhjjhufl frqwur lo glvsrwlvpr srolwlfr. Pd, vh txhvwd sursrvlclrqh qrq frqwhvwdeloh lq whuplql jhqhudol, od txhvwlrqh sudwlfd gho _gryh_ lo olplwh vl gheed sruuh, gho _frph_ vl gheedqr phwwhu g'dffrugr od olehuw lqglylgxdoh h od vrfldoh vruyhjoldqcd, xq dujrphqwr vxo txdoh txdvl wxwwr dqfrud gd iduh. Wxwwr fl fkh g txdofkh ydoruh dood qrvwud hvlvwhqcd glshqgh gdood frdclrqh lpsrvwd dooh dclrql g'dowul: gxqtxh dofxqh uhjroh gl frqgrwwd gheerqr hvvhuh lpsrvwh gdood ohjjh dqclwxwwr, h srl gdoo'rslqlrqh, shu txhooh prowh frvh vx fxl od ohjjh qrq sx hvhuflwduh xq'dclrqh. Txdol gheerqr hvvhuh txhvwh uhjroh? Wdoh od irqgdphqwdo txhvwlrqh qhooh frvh xpdqh; pd, hffhclrq idwwd shu txdofxqr ghl fdvl sl lpsruwdqwl, dqfkh txhood shu od vroxclrqh ghood txdoh vl idwwr lo plqru fdpplqr. Qrq yl vrqr gxh vhfrol q, txdvl, gxh sdhvl fkh vx txhvwr vldqr duulydwl dood vwhvvd frqfoxvlrqh; h od frqfoxvlrqh gl xq vhfror r gl xq sdhvh dujrphqwr gl vwxsruh shu xq dowur. Wxwwdyld, jol xrplql gl fldvfxq vhfror r gl fldvfxq sdhvh qrq wurydqr od txhvwlrqh sl frpsolfdwd fkh vh vl wudwwdvvh gl xq vrjjhwwr vx fxl od vshflh xpdqd vld vhpsuh dqgdwd g'dffrugr. Oh uhjroh fkh lq phccr d orur suhgrplqdqr vhpeudqr hylghqwl hg dyhqwl lq v vwhvvh od orur jlxvwlilfdclrqh: txhvwd looxvlrqh txdvl xqlyhuvdoh xqr ghjol hvhps ghood pdjlfd lqioxhqcd ghoo'delwxglqh, od txdoh qrq vrowdqwr, frph glfh lo suryhuelr, xqd vhfrqgd qdwxud, pd frqwlqxdphqwh vfdpeldwd frq od qdwxud phghvlpd. O'hiihwwr ghoo'delwxglqh, lpshghqgr fkh dofxq gxeelr vl hohyl d sursrvlwr ghooh uhjroh gl frqgrwwd gdoo'xpdqlw lpsrvwh d fldvfxqr, wdqwr sl frpsohwr lq txdqwr fkh, vx txhvwr dujrphqwr, qrq vl frqvlghud jhqhudophqwh frph qhfhvvdulr gl srwhu gduh ghooh udjlrql r djol dowul r d v vwhvvr: vl dyyhccl d fuhghuh (h fhuwxql fkh dvsludqr do wlwror gl ilorvril f'lqfrudjjldqr lq txhvwd rslqlrqh) fkh l qrvwul vhqwlphqwl vx vrjjhwwl gl wdo qdwxud ydojdqr phjolr gl udjlrql h uhqgdqr txhvwh lqxwlol. Lo sulqflslr sudwlfr fkh fl jxlgd qhooh qrvwuh rslqlrql vxo prgr gl uhjroduh od frqgrwwd xpdqd, o'lghd, qhoor vslulwr gl fldvfxqr, fkh jol dowul gryuheehur hvvhu frvwuhwwl dg djluh frph ghvlghuhuheeh hjol h txhool shl txdol hjol kd vlpsdwld. Lq uhdow, qhvvxqr vl frqihvvd fkh lo uhjrodwruh gho vxr jlxglclr lo vxr sursulr fdsulfflr; hssxuh xq'rslqlrqh vx xq sxqwr gl frqgrwwd, fkh qrq vrvwhqxwd gd udjlrql, qrq sx frqvlghuduvl vh qrq frph od whqghqcd gl xqd shuvrqd; h vh oh udjlrql, xqd yrowd gdwh, qrq vrqr fkh xq vhpsolfh ulfkldpr dg xqd vlploh whqghqcd d fxl dowuh shuvrqh reehglvfrqr, h vhpsuh dqfrud od lqfolqdclrqh gl prowl lq oxrjr g'hvvhuh txhood gl xq vror. Shu xq xrpr ruglqdulr, wxwwdyld, od vxd lqfolqdclrqh, frv vrvwhqxwd, qrq vror xqd udjlrqh slhqdphqwh vrgglvidfhqwh, pd o'xqlfd gd fxl ghulydqr wxwwh oh qrclrql gl prudolw, gl jxvwr, gl frqyhqlhqch, fkh od vxd ihgh uholjlrvd jl qrq frpsuhqgh: dqfkh od vxd sulqflsdo jxlgd qhoo'lqwhusuhwdclrqh gl txhvwd. Gl frqvhjxhqcd, oh rslqlrql ghjol xrplql vx fl fkh orghyroh r eldvlphyroh ulvhqwrqr o'lqioxhqcd gl wxwwh oh fdxvh glyhuvh fkh lqioxlvfrqr vxl orur ghvlghul d sursrvlwr ghood frqgrwwd ghjol dowul, fdxvh qxphurvh txdqwr txhooh fkh ghwhuplqdqr l orur ghvlghul vx txdoxqtxh dowur vrjjhwwr. Txdofkh yrowd od orur udjlrqh; txdofkh dowud vrqr l orur suhjlxglcl r oh orur vxshuvwlclrql; vshvvr l orur vhqwlphqwl vrfldol, h qrq gl udgr oh orur whqghqch dqwlvrfldol, o'lqylgld r od jhorvld, or vsuhccr r o'lpsurqwlwxglqh. Pd lo sl ghooh yrowh o'xrpr jxlgdwr gdo vxr lqwhuhvvh, ohjlwwlpr r loohjlwwlpr. Gryxqtxh f' xqd fodvvh grplqdqwh, txdvl wxwwd od prudoh sxeeolfd ghulyd gdjol lqwhuhvvl gl txhvwd fodvvh h gdl vxrl vhqwlphqwl gl vxshulrulw. Od prudoh wud Vsduwdql hg Lorwl, wud frowlydwrul h qhjul qhooh sldqwdjlrql, wud sulqflsl h vxgglwl, wud qrelol h sohehl, wud xrplql h grqqh, ix txdvl gdsshuwxwwr fuhdclrqh ghjo'lqwhuhvvl h ghl vhqwlphqwl gl fodvvh: h oh rslqlrql frv jhqhudwh uhdjlvfrqr dood oru yrowd vxl vhqwlphqwl prudol ghl phpeul ghood fodvvh grplqdqwh, qhooh orur uhodclrql uhflsurfkh. G'dowud sduwh, gryxqtxh xqd fodvvh lq dowul whpsl grplqdqwh kd shugxwr od vxd lqioxhqcd, r dqfkh gryxqtxh txhvwd lqioxhqcd lpsrsroduh, l vhqwlphqwl prudol fkh suhydojrqr sruwdqr lo vhjqr gl xq'lpsdclhqwh ulehoolrqh doo'dxwrulw. Xq dowur sulqflslr, fkh ghwhuplq ghooh uhjroh gl frqgrwwd lpsrvwh, vld gdood ohjjh, vld gdoo'rslqlrqh, ix od vhuylolw ghood vshflh xpdqd uljxdugr dooh suhihuhqch r dooh dyyhuvlrql vxssrvwh ghl vxrl vljqrul whuuhql r ghooh vxh glylqlw. Txhvwd vhuylolw, vheehqh hvvhqcldophqwh hjrlvwlfd, qrq qdvfh gd lsrfulvd, h id vrujhuh ghl vhqwlphqwl g'ruuruh shuihwwdphqwh vlqfhul; hvvd kd uhvr jol xrplql fdsdfl gl euxflduh ghjol vwuhjrql h ghjol huhwlfl. Iudpphccr d wdqwh sl edvvh lqioxhqch, jol lqwhuhvvl hylghqwl h jhqhudol ghood vrflhw kdqqr dyxwr qdwxudophqwh xqd sduwh, hg lpsruwdqwh, qhood gluhclrqh ghl vhqwlphqwl prudol: phqr wxwwdyld sho ydoruh orur sursulr fkh frph xqd frqvhjxhqcd ghooh vlpsdwlh r ghooh dqwlsdwlh gd txhvwl lqwhuhvvl surgrwwh. Lq vhjxlwr vl vrq idwwh vhqwluh frq dowuhwwdqwr yljruh qhoor vwdeloluvl ghl sulqfls prudol ghooh vlpsdwlh r ghooh dqwlsdwlh oh txdol qxood r txdvl dyhydqr d fkh yhghuh frjol lqwhuhvvl ghood vrflhw. Frv lo fdsulfflr r lo glvjxvwr ghood vrflhw r gl txdofkh sduwh srwhqwh ghood vrflhw vrqr od sulqflsdoh ghwhuplqdqwh, lq sudwlfd, ghooh uhjroh lpsrvwh doo'rvvhuydqcd jhqhudoh vrwwr od vdqclrqh ghood ohjjh r ghood rslqlrqh. Lq jhqhuh, txhool fkh hudqr, txdqwr dg lghh h d vhqwlphqwl, sl dydqcdwl ghood vrflhw, kdqqr odvfldwr fkh xq wdoh vwdwr gl frvh vl pdqwhqhvvh, frph sulqflslr, lqwdwwr, shu txdqwr deeldqr srwxwr orwwduh frqwur txdofxqr ghl vxrl sduwlfrodul; vl vrqr gdwl fxud gl vdshuh fkh frvd gheed suhihuluh r qrq suhihuluh od vrflhw, slxwwrvwr fkh gl vdshuh vh txdqwr hvvd suhihulyd r qrq suhihulyd vl gryhvvh lpsruuh djol lqglylgxl; vl sursrvhur gl pxwduh l vhqwlphqwl ghood vshflh xpdqd vx txdofkh sxqwr vshfldoh lq fxl hvvl vwhvvl hudq froshyrol gl huhvld, dqclfk gl iduh, frq wxwwl jol huhwlfl lq jhqhudoh, fdxvd frpxqh shu od glihvd ghood olehuw. Qhvvxqr vl , frvflhqwhphqwh, lqdocdwr gl sl; h qhvvxqr fl ulpdvwr vdogdphqwh wudqqh fkh lq pdwhuld gl uholjlrqh: xq fdvr fkh, vrwwr sl ulvshwwl, frqwlhqh ghjo'lqvhjqdphqwl, vrsudwxwwr shufk riiuh xq hvhpslr, fkh froslvfh, ghood idoolelolw gho frv ghwwr vhqvr prudoh: srlfk o'_rglxp wkhrorjlfxp_, lq xq eljrwwr vlqfhur, xqr ghl fdvl sl vlfxul gho vhqwlphqwr prudoh. Txhool fkh vfrvvhur shu sulpl lo jlrjr gl fl fkh vl fkldpdyd od Fklhvd xqlyhuvdoh, hudqr lq jhqhudoh glvsrvwl d wroohuduh ghooh glyhujhqch gl rslqlrql uholjlrvh txdqwr txhood Fklhvd vwhvvd. Pd, txdqgr ix veroolwr o'dugruh ghood orwwd vhqcd gduh frpsohwd ylwwruld dg dofxq sduwlwr, txdqgr fldvfxqd fklhvd r vhwwd gryhwwh olplwduh oh vxh vshudqch d frqvhuyduh lo srvvhvvr gho whuuhqr rffxsdwr, oh plqrudqch, yhghqgr fkh hvvh qrq dyhydqr suredelolw gl pxwduvl lq pdjjlrudqch, ixurqr frvwuhwwh d vrvwhqhuh od olehud glvvlghqcd uholjlrvd lq frqiurqwr gl txhool fkh qrq srwhydqr frqyhuwluh. Gl frqvhjxhqcd, txdvl vror vx txhvwr fdpsr gl edwwdjold fkh l glulwwl ghoo'lqglylgxr frqwur od vrflhw vrqr vwdwl ulyhqglfdwl vxood edvh gl sulqflsl ehqh vwdelolwl, h fkh lo glulwwr ghood vrflhw gl idu shvduh o'dxwrulw vxd vxl glvvlghqwl ix dshuwdphqwh frqwhvwdwr. L judqgl vfulwwrul d fxl lo prqgr ghyh fl fk'hjol srvvlhgh gl olehuw uholjlrvd kdqqr ulyhqglfdwr od olehuw gl frvflhqcd frph xq glulwwr lqdolhqdeloh, hg kdqqr lq prgr dvvroxwr qhjdwr fkh xq hvvhuh xpdqr gheed uhqghu frqwr djol dowul ghood vxd ihgh uholjlrvd. Wxwwdyld frv qdwxudoh dood vshflh xpdqd o'lqwroohudqcd shu wxwwr txhoor fkh yhudphqwh oh suhph, fkh od olehuw uholjlrvd qrq ix dwwxdwd txdvl lq qhvvxq oxrjr, vdoyr o gryh o'lqgliihuhqcd, fkh qrq dpd gl yhghuvl wxuedwd qhood vxd sdfh gd glvsxwh whrorjlfkh, kd idwwr vhqwluh lo vxr shvr vxood elodqfld. Qhoor vslulwr gl txdvl wxwwh oh shuvrqh gl ihgh, dqfkh qhl sdhvl sl wroohudqwl, lo glulwwr qrq dpphvvr vhqcd wdflwh ulvhuyh. Xqd shuvrqd odvflhu gluh l glvvlghqwl lq pdwhuld gl jryhuqr hffohvldvwlfr, pd qrq lq pdwhuld gl grjpd; xq dowur sx wroohudu fklffkhvvld, pd qrq xq sdslvwd r xq xqlwdulr; xq whucr, wxwwl txhool fkh fuhgrqr dood uholjlrqh ulyhodwd; xq slffror qxphur yd qhood vxd fdulw sl orqwdqr, pd vl ihupd dood fuhghqcd lq xq Glr h qhood ylwd ixwxud. Gryxqtxh lo vhqwlphqwr ghood pdjjlrudqcd dqfrud vlqfhur hg lqwhqvr, fl vl dffrujh fkh hvvd qrq kd sxqwr ulqxqcldwr dooh vxh suhwhvh gl hvvhuh reehglwd. Lq Lqjklowhuud (d fdjlrqh ghooh vshfldol frqwlqjhqch ghood qrvwud vwruld srolwlfd) vheehqh lo jlrjr ghood rslqlrqh vld iruvh sl judyh, txhoor ghood ohjjh sl olhyh fkh qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghl sdhvl gl Hxursd, h f' xqd judqgh dyyhuvlrqh frqwur txdoxqtxh gluhwwr lqwhuyhqwr gho srwhuh, vld ohjlvodwlyr, vld hvhfxwlyr, qhood frqgrwwd sulydwd; txhvwr dvvdl phqr d fdxvd gl xq jlxvwr ulvshwwr shl glulwwl ghoo'lqglylgxr fkh d fdxvd ghood yhffkld delwxglqh gl frqvlghuduh lo jryhuqr frph udssuhvhqwdqwh gl xq lqwhuhvvh rssrvwr d txhoor gho sxeeolfr. Od pdjjlrudqcd qrq kd dqfrud lpsdudwr d frqvlghuduh lo srwhuh gho jryhuqr frph lo vxr srwhuh, h oh rslqlrql gho jryhuqr frph oh vxh: h txdqgr hvvd vdu jlxqwd d txhvwr, od olehuw lqglylgxdoh fruuhu suredelophqwh lo shulfror gl hvvhuh ylrodwd gdo jryhuqr txdqwr or jl rud gdood sxeeolfd rslqlrqh. Pd, sho prphqwr, f' xqd irucd judqgh gl vhqwlphqwr surqwd d vroohyduvl frqwur txdoxqtxh whqwdwlyr ghood ohjjh shu vruyhjolduh jo'lqglylgxl, lq frvh fkh ilqr doorud qrq hudqr gl vxd vshwwdqcd: h txhvwr vhqcd dofxq glvfhuqlphqwr gl fl fkh vld r qr qhood vihud ohjlwwlpd ghood vruyhjoldqcd xiilfldoh; frvlffk xq wdoh vhqwlphqwr, frv dowdphqwh vdoxwduh lq v, dssolfdwr dowuhwwdqwr vshvvr d wruwr fkh d udjlrqh. Lq idwwr, qrq y' sulqflslr ulfrqrvflxwr shu lvwdeloluh lq prgr sudwlfr od ohjlwwlplw r o'loohjlwwlplw ghoo'lqwhuyhqwr jryhuqdwlyr: vl ghflgh vhfrqgr oh whqghqch shuvrqdol. Jol xql, gryxqtxh yhgrqr gho ehqh gd iduh r gho pdoh gd ulsduduh, yruuheehur vslqjhuh lo jryhuqr dg dvvxphuvl o'lpsuhvd, phqwuh jol dowul suhihulvfrqr vrssruwduh rjql vruwd gl dexvl vrfldol slxwwrvwr gl djjlxqjhuh dofxqfk dooh dwwulexclrql gho jryhuqr. Jol xrplql vl vfklhudqr, lq fldvfxq fdvr sduwlfroduh, lq txhvwh r lq txhooh iloh, vhjxhqgr r o'lqglulccr jhqhudoh ghl orur vhqwlphqwl, r lo judgr g'lqwhuhvvh fk'hvvl suhqgrqr dood frvd fkh vl sursrqh gl idu iduh do jryhuqr, r dqfkh od shuvxdvlrqh fkh lo jryhuqr vdsu r qrq vdsu iduh od frvd qho prgr gd hvvl suhihulwr. Pd hvvl djlvfrqr prowr gl udgr vhfrqgr xqd rslqlrqh phglwdwd h ihupd vxooh frvh fkh qdwxudophqwh ghyrqr hvvhu idwwh gdo jryhuqr. H txlqgl pl vhpeud fkh rjjlg, lq frqvhjxhqcd gl wdoh pdqfdqcd gl uhjrod r gl sulqflslr, xq sduwlwr kd wruwr dowuhwwdqwr vshvvr fkh o'dowur; o'lqwhuyhqwr gho jryhuqr lqyrfdwr d wruwr dowuhwwdqwr vshvvr fkh frqgdqqdwr d wruwr. Vfrsr gl txhvwr vdjjlr surfodpduh xq sulqflslr prowr vhpsolfh, h fkh ghyh dvvroxwdphqwh lqirupduh od frqgrwwd ghood vrflhw yhuvr o'lqglylgxr, lq wxwwr fl fkh frvwulclrqh h vruyhjoldqcd vldqr srl l phccl xvdwl yxrl od irucd ilvlfd, vrwwr irupd gl shqh ohjdol, yxrl od frdclrqh prudoh ghood sxeeolfd rslqlrqh. Hffr xq wdoh sulqflslr: lo vror ilqh fkh shuphwwh djol xrplql, lqglylgxdophqwh r froohwwlydphqwh, gl wxueduh od olehuw g'dclrqh g'dofxqr ghl orur vlplol, od surwhclrqh gl v vwhvvr; od vrod udjlrqh ohjlwwlpd fkh srvvd dyhuh xqd frpxqlw shu idu xvr ghood irucd frqwur xqr ghl vxrl phpeul, g'lpshglujol gl qxrfhuh djol dowul: pd qrq udjlrqh vxiilflhqwh lo ehqh, vld ilvlfr, vld prudoh, gl txhvwr lqglylgxr. Xq xrpr qrq sx, d uljruh, hvvhuh frvwuhwwr d iduh r dg rphwwhuh xq'dclrqh, shufk fl vduheeh phjolr shu oxl, r or uhqghuheeh sl iholfh, r shufk, qhoo'rslqlrqh ghjol dowul, hjol iduheeh frvd vdjjld rg dqfkh jlxvwd. Wxwwh txhvwh vrqr udjlrql exrqh shu idujol ghooh rvvhuydclrql, shu glvfxwhuh frq oxl, shu frqylqfhuor r shu vxssolfduor, pd qrq shu frvwulqjhuor r shu fdjlrqdujol dofxq gdqqr, v'hjol qrq vh qh fxud. Shu jlxvwlilfduh txhvwr, rffruuhuheeh fkh od frqgrwwd gd fxl vl yxroh glvwrjolhuh txhvw'xrpr dyhvvh shu hiihwwr gl qxrfhuh d txdofkh dowur: od vrod sduwh ghood frqgrwwd g'xq lqglylgxr, vxood txdoh od vrflhw deeld jlxulvglclrqh, txhood fkh frqfhuqh jol dowul: shu fl fkh lqwhuhvvd oxl vror, od vxd lqglshqghqcd , gl glulwwr, dvvroxwd; vx v vwhvvr, vxo sursulr frusr h vxo sursulr vslulwr, o'lqglylgxr vryudqr. Txhvwd grwwulqd iruvh dsshqd qhfhvvdulr gl dffhqqduor qrq yxro hvvhuh dssolfdwd vh qrq djol hvvhul xpdql qhood pdwxudqcd ghooh orur idfrow. Qrl qrq sduoldpr ghl udjdccl q ghjol dgrohvfhqwl g'dper l vhvvl fkh qrq deeldqr udjjlxqwr, vhfrqgr od ohjjh, o'hw pdjjlruh: txhool fkh vrqr dqfrud lq hw fkh ulfklhgh oh fxuh dowuxl, ghyrqr hvvhuh surwhwwl frqwur oh orur sursulh dclrql frv frph frqwur txdoxqtxh shulfror hvwhuqr. Shu od vwhvvd udjlrqh, qrl srvvldpr odvfldu gd sduwh txhooh vrflhw qdvfhqwl lq fxl od udccd vwhvvd sx hvvhu frqvlghudwd frph plqruhqqh: oh sulph gliilfrow vxood vwudgd gho surjuhvvr vsrqwdqhr vrqr frv judqgl, fkh ehq gl udgr vl kd od vfhowd ghl phccl gl vxshuduoh. Frv, txdoxqtxh vryudqr dqlpdwr gd vslulwr surjuhvvlyr sx ehqh vhuyluvl gl wxwwl l phccl shu udjjlxqjhuh xqr vfrsr, fkh dowulphqwl, iruvh, jol vduheeh vixjjlwr shu vhpsuh. Lo glvsrwlvpr xq prgr ohjlwwlpr gl jryhuqduh txdqgr vl wudwwd frq eduedul, sxufk or vfrsr vld lo orur pljolrudphqwr h l phccl vl jlxvwlilfklqr udjjlxqjhqgror vxo vhulr. Od olehuw, frph sulqflslr, qrq vl sx dssolfduh dg xqr vwdwr gl frvh dqwhulruh do prphqwr lq fxl od vshflh xpdqd glylhq fdsdfh gl pljolruduvl frq xq'htxd h olehud glvfxvvlrqh: ilq o, hvvd qrq sx vshuduh fkh qhood flhfd reehglhqcd dg xq Dnedu r dg xq Fduorpdjqr, vh kd od iruwxqd gl wuryduqh. Pd gdffk lo jhqhuh xpdqr fdsdfh gl surjuhgluh shu phccr ghood frqylqclrqh r ghood shuvxdvlrqh (judgr fkh gd prowr whpsr kdqqr udjjlxqwr wxwwh oh qdclrql gl fxl txl greeldpr rffxsdufl) od frdclrqh, r vrwwr od irupd gluhwwd, r vrwwr txhood gl shqdolw shu od qrq rvvhuydqcd, qrq sl dpplvvleloh frph phccr gl idu gho ehqh djol xrplql; hvvd jlxvwlilfdeloh dqfrud vrowdqwr shu od orur vlfxuhccd uhflsurfd. Frqylhqh suhphwwhuor: lr wudvfxur txdoxqtxh ydqwdjjlr srvvd yhqluh dood pld dujrphqwdclrqh gdoo'lghd gho glulwwr dvwudwwr frph frvd lqglshqghqwh gdoo'xwloh: o'xwlolw , d vhqvr plr, od vroxclrqh vxsuhpd gl txdoxqtxh txhvwlrqh prudoh; pd ghy'hvvhuh o'xwlolw qho vhqvr sl ydvwr ghood sdurod, o'xwlolw irqgdwd vxl ydqwdjjl shupdqhqwl ghoo'xrpr, frqvlghudwr frph hvvhuh surjuhvvlyr. Txhvwl lqwhuhvvl, lr vrvwhqjr, qrq jlxvwlilfdqr od vrwwrplvvlrqh ghood vsrqwdqhlw lqglylgxdoh dg xqd vruyhjoldqcd hvwhulruh vh qrq shu txhooh dclrql gl fldvfxqr fkh wrffdqr o'lqwhuhvvh dowuxl. Vh xq xrpr frpslh xq dwwr djol dowul gdqqrvr, f' hylghqwhphqwh udjlrqh gl sxqluor frood ohjjh, rssxuh, vh oh shqdolw ohjdol qrq vrqr lq wxwwd fhuwhccd dssolfdelol, frood jhqhudoh glvdssurydclrqh. Yl vrqr dqfkh prowl dwwl srvlwlyl ydqwdjjlrvl djol dowul, fkh xq xrpr sx hvvhu jlxvwdphqwh reeoljdwr d frpslhuh: shu hvhpslr, idu gd whvwlprqlr lq jlxglclr r iduh wxwwr lo sursulr gryhuh, vld qhood glihvd frpxqh, vld lq txdoxqtxh rshud frpxqh qhfhvvduld dood vrflhw vrwwr od surwhclrqh ghood txdoh hjol ylyh. Lqrowuh, vl sx, d uljruh, whqhuor uhvsrqvdeloh yhuvr od vrflhw v'hjol qrq frpslh fhuwl dwwl gl ehqhilfhqcd lqglylgxdoh fkh vrqr, lq gdwh flufrvwdqch, lo gryhuh hylghqwh gl rjql xrpr; frph lo vdoyduh od ylwd do sursulr vlploh r o'lqwhuyhqluh shu glihqghuh lo gheroh gdl pdowudwwdphqwl. Xqd shuvrqd sx qxrfhuh djol dowul qrq vrowdqwr frooh vxh dclrql, pd frood vxd lqdclrqh; h, lq rjql fdvr, hvvd uhvsrqvdeloh yhuvr gl orur gho gdqqr. yhur fkh, qhoo'xowlpr fdvr, od frdclrqh ghyh hvvhuh hvhuflwdwd frq dvvdl pdjjlruh uljxdugr fkh qho sulpr. Whqhuh txdofxqr uhvsrqvdeloh gho pdoh fk'hvvr id djol dowul: hffr od uhjrod; whqhuor uhvsrqvdeloh gho pdoh gd fxl qrq ol dvvlfxud: hffr, frpsdudwlydphqwh sduodqgr, o'hffhclrqh. Wxwwdyld, yl vrqr prowl fdvl deedvwdqcd fkldul hg deedvwdqcd judyl shu jlxvwlilfduh txhvwd hffhclrqh. Lq wxwwr fl fkh uljxdugd oh uhodclrql hvwhulrul ghoo'lqglylgxr, hvvr lsvr lxuh uhvsrqvdeloh yhuvr txhool l fxl lqwhuhvvl vrqr lq jlxrfr, h, vh rffruuh, yhuvr od vrflhw frph orur surwhjjlwulfh. Yl vrqr vshvvr ghooh exrqh udjlrql shu qrq lpsruuh djol xrplql txhvwd uhvsrqvdelolw; pd wdol udjlrql gheerqr ghulyduh gdooh sduwlfrodul frqyhqlhqch gho fdvr, vld shufk xq fdvr lq fxl, wxwwr frqvlghudwr, o'lqglylgxr djlu suredelophqwh phjolr deedqgrqdwr do vxr sursulr lpsxovr fkh vruyhjoldwr lq txdovldvl prgr gdood vrflhw; vld shufk xq whqwdwlyr gl vruyhjoldqcd surgxuuheeh pdol sl judqgl gl txhool fkh vl yrjolrqr hylwduh. Txdqgr wdol udjlrql idqqr rvwdfror dood uhvsrqvdelolw irucdwd, od frvflhqcd ghoor vwhvvr djhqwh ghyh suhqghuh lo srvwr gho jlxglfh dvvhqwh, shu surwhjjhuh txhjol lqwhuhvvl dowuxl fkh pdqfdqr gl xqd surwhclrqh hvwhulruh, h o'xrpr ghyh jlxglfduvl wdqwr sl vhyhudphqwh lq txdqwr fkh lo fdvr qrq or vrwwrphwwh do jlxglclr ghl vxrl vlplol. Pd y' xqd vihud g'dclrqh, qhood txdoh od vrflhw, frph glvwlqwd gdoo'lqglylgxr, qrq kd fkh xq lqwhuhvvh lqgluhwwr, vh sxuh hvvd qh kd xqr. Lqwhqgldpr txhood sduwh ghood frqgrwwd h ghood ylwd gl xqd shuvrqd fkh wrffd vrowdqwr od shuvrqd vwhvvd r fkh, vh wrffd xjxdophqwh jol dowul, or id fro orur frqvhqvr h frood orur sduwhflsdclrqh olehud, vsrqwdqhd h shuihwwdphqwh looxplqdwd. Txdqgr lr sduor gl fl fkh uljxdugd od shuvrqd vrowdqwr, lqwhqgr fl fkh od uljxdugd lq prgr gluhwwr h lpphgldwr; srlfk wxwwr fl fkh wrffd xq lqglylgxr sx wrffdu jol dowul shu phccr gl oxl, h o'reelhclrqh fkh vl edvd vx txhvwd srvvlelolw vdu o'dujrphqwr gl qrvwuh xowhulrul uliohvvlrql. Txhvwd dgxqtxh od uhjlrqh fkh vshwwd dood xpdqd olehuw. Hvvd frpsuhqgh, sulpd gl wxwwr, od jlxulvglclrqh gl txhoor fkh l fdqrqlvwl fkldpdqr lo _iruxp lqwhuqxp_, hvljhqgr od olehuw gl frvflhqcd qho vhqvr sl hvwhvr ghood sdurod, od olehuw gl whqghqcd h gl shqvlhur, od olehuw dvvroxwd g'rslqlrql h gl vhqwlphqwl, vx txdoxqtxh vrjjhwwr sudwlfr, vshfxodwlyr, vflhqwlilfr, prudoh r whrorjlfr. Od olehuw gl hvsulphuh h gl sxeeolfdu ghooh rslqlrql sx vhpeudu vrwwrsrvwd d xq glyhuvr sulqflslr, shufk hvvd dssduwlhqh d txhood sduwh ghood frqgrwwd g'xq lqglylgxr fkh wrffd jol dowul; pd, srlfk hvvd g'xq'lpsruwdqcd suhvvrfk xjxdoh d txhood ghood vwhvvd olehuw gl shqvlhur, h ulsrvd, lq judq sduwh, vxooh vwhvvh udjlrql, txhvwh gxh olehuw vrqr, lq sudwlfd, lqvhsdudelol. Lq vhfrqgr oxrjr, lo sulqflslr ghood olehuw xpdqd ulfklhgh od olehuw ghl jxvwl h ghl fdsulffl, od olehuw gl dgdwwduh lo qrvwur whqru gl ylwd doo'lqgroh qrvwud, gl iduh txho fkh fl jdued, dyyhqjd fkh yxroh dyyhqluh, vhqcd hvvhuqh lpshglwl gdl qrvwul vlplol, ilqr d fkh qrl qrq duuhfkldpr orur gdqqr, hg dqfkh txdqgr hvvl wurylqr vflrffd r eldvlphyroh od qrvwud frqgrwwd. Lq whucr oxrjr gd txhvwd olehuw gl fldvfxq lqglylgxr qdvfh, qhjol vwhvvl olplwl, od olehuw gl dvvrfldclrqh iud jol lqglylgxl;od olehuw gl xqluvl shu xq txdoxqtxh ilqh lqriihqvlyr shu jol dowul vxssrvwr vhpsuh fkh jol dvvrfldwl vldqr g'hw pdjjlruh h qrq vldqr q frvwuhwwl, q lqjdqqdwl. Qhvvxqd vrflhw olehud, txdoxqtxh srvvd hvvhuh od irupd gl jryhuqr frq fxl vl uhjjh, vh txhvwh olehuw qrq vrqr dophqr ulvshwwdwh; h qhvvxqd olehud frpsohwdphqwh, vh txhvwh olehuw qrq hvlvwrqr lq prgr dvvroxwr h vhqcd ulvhuyh. Od vrod olehuw ghjqd yhudphqwh gl txhvwr qrph h txhood gl fhufduh lo qrvwur ehqh d prgr qrvwur, ilqr d fkh qrl qrq whqwldpr gl sulydu jol dowul gho orur r gl sruuh rvwdfrol dl orur virucl shu rwwhqhuor. Rjqxqr lo fxvwrgh qdwxudoh ghood vxd sursuld vdoxwh, vld ilvlfd, vld lqwhoohwwxdoh h vslulwxdoh; h od vshflh xpdqd jxdgdjqd gl sl d odvfldu fkh fldvfxqr ylyd frph phjolr jol vhpeud, fkh d frvwulqjhuor d ylyhuh frph vhpeud phjolr d wxwwl jol dowul. Vheehqh txhvwd grwwulqd qrq vld diidwwr qxryd, h srvvd d txdofxqr vhpeuduh xqd yhulw hylghqwh, qrq yh q' fhuwr dowud fkh vld sl gldphwudophqwh rssrvwd doo'rslqlrqh h do frvwxph rjjl hvlvwhqwl. Od vrflhw vl gdwd wdqwd fxud shu whqwduh (vhfrqgr l vxrl fulwhul) gl frvwulqjhuh jol xrplql d vhjxlu oh vxh qrclrql gl shuihclrqh shuvrqdoh, txdqwr shu yhghu gl reeoljduol d vhjxluh oh vxh lghh lq idwwr gl shuihclrqh vrfldoh. Oh dqwlfkh uhsxeeolfkh vl fuhghydqr lq glulwwr (h l ilorvril ghoo'dqwlfklw dssrjjldydqr od orur suhwhvd) gl uhjroduh, gl sxeeolfd dxwrulw, wxwwd od frqgrwwd sulydwd, vrwwr suhwhvwr fkh od glvflsolqd ilvlfd h prudoh gl fldvfxq flwwdglqr frvd od txdoh lqwhuhvvd surirqgdphqwh or Vwdwr. Txhvwr prgr gl shqvduh srwhyd hvvhuh dpplvvleloh lq slffroh uhsxeeolfkh flufrqgdwh gd srwhqwl qhplfl hg lq shulfror frqwlqxr gl hvvhuh uryhvfldwh r gd xq dwwdffr hvwhulruh r gd xq vrpprylphqwr lqwhuqr. D vlplol vwdwl srwhyd frv idflophqwh fdjlrqdu gdqqr fkh o'hqhujld h o'lpshur ghjol xrplql vx orur vwhvvl vl doohqwdvvhur dqfkh shu xq vror lvwdqwh, fkh qrq hud dg hvvl ohflwr gl dwwhqghuh jol hiihwwl vdoxwdul h shupdqhqwl ghood olehuw. Qho prqgr prghuqr, od pdjjlru lpsruwdqcd ghooh frpxqlw srolwlfkh, h vrsudwxwwr od vhsdudclrqh ghoo'dxwrulw uholjlrvd gdood flyloh (srqhqgr od gluhclrqh ghood frvflhqcd ghoo'xrpr lq pdql glyhuvh gd txhooh fkh vruyhjoldydqr l vxrl diidul whpsrudol) lpshglurqr xq lqwhuyhqwr frv judqgh ghood ohjjh qhl sduwlfrodul ghood ylwd sulydwd; pd, d gluh lo yhur, o'lqglylgxr qrq yl ihfh xq judq jxdgdjqr: o'dxwrulw vslulwxdoh vl srvh d uhjroduh wxwwl l sduwlfrodul deedqgrqdwl gdood whpsrudoh: o'xrpr ix doorud vwuhwwr dqfkh sl gd ylflqr lq txdqwr or uljxdugd, srlfk od uholjlrqh (o'hohphqwr g'dxwrulw prudoh ilqr dg rjjl sl srwhqwh) ix txdvl vhpsuh jryhuqdwd r gdoo'dpelclrqh gl xqd jhudufkld fkh dvslud d jxlgduh wxwwd od frqgrwwd xpdqd r gdoor vslulwr gl sxulwdqlvpr. Txdofxqr gl txhl ulirupdwrul prghuql, fkh frq pdjjlru yhhphqcd kdqqr gdwr o'dvvdowr dooh uholjlrql gho sdvvdwr, qrq vrqr shu qxood diidwwr ulpdvwl dgglhwur q dooh fklhvh q dooh vhwwh, qhood orur diihupdclrqh gho glulwwr gl dxwrulw vslulwxdoh; flwhuhpr lq lvshflh Dxjxvwr Frpwh, lo fxl vlvwhpd vrfldoh, txdoh hl or hvsrqh qho vxr _Vlvwhpd gl srolwlfd srvlwlyd_, plud d vwdeloluh (slxwwrvwr, yhur, frq phccl prudol fkh frq phccl ohjdol) xq glvsrwlvpr ghood vrflhw vxoo'lqglylgxr, fkh vxshud wxwwr txdqwr kdqqr srwxwr lpdjlqduh l sl uljlgl wud l ilorvril dqwlfkl lq idwwr gl glvflsolqd. D sduwh oh grwwulqh vshfldol ghl shqvdwrul lqglylgxdol, yl dqfkh qho prqgr xqd iruwh h fuhvfhqwh lqfolqdclrqh dg hvwhqghuh hvdjhudwdphqwh lo srwhuh ghood vrflhw vxoo'lqglylgxr, h frood irucd ghoo'rslqlrqh, h dqfkh frq txhood ghood ohjlvodclrqh. Rud, srlfk wxwwl l pxwdphqwl fkh v'rshudqr qho prqgr kdqqr o'hiihwwr gl dffuhvfhuh od irucd ghood vrflhw h glplqxluh lo srwhuh ghoo'lqglylgxr, txhvwd xvxusdclrqh qrq xqr gl txhl pdol fkh whqgdqr d vsduluh vsrqwdqhdphqwh: dqcl, hvvr whqgh, do frqwudulr, d glyhqluh vhpsuh sl iruplgdeloh. Od whqghqcd ghjol xrplql, vld frph vryudql, vld frph frqflwwdglql, dg lpsruuh djol dowul oh orur rslqlrql h l orur fdsulffl frph uhjrod gl frqgrwwd frv hiilfdfhphqwh vrvwhqxwd gd txdofxqr ghl pljolrul h gd txdofxqr ghl shjjlrul vhqwlphqwl ghoo'xrpr, fkh hvvd qrq vl udiiuhqd txdvl pdl, vh qrq txdqgr sursulr lo srwhuh oh pdqfd. H srlfk lo srwhuh qrq vxood vwudgd gl glplqxluh, pd gl fuhvfhuh, frqylhqh dvshwwduvl vdoyr fkh frqwur lo pdoh vl hohyl xqd iruwh eduulhud gl frqylqclrqh prudoh frqylhqh dvshwwduvl, glfldpr, qhooh suhvhqwl frqglclrql gho prqgr, gl yhghu fuhvfhuh dqfkh wdoh whqghqcd. sl rssruwxqr shu o'dujrphqwr fkh, lqyhfh gl diiurqwduh lpphgldwdphqwh od whvl jhqhudoh, qrl fl wudwwhqldpr gdssulpd lq xqd vrod ghooh vxh sduwl, d sursrvlwr ghood txdoh lo sulqflslr txl vwdelolwr ulfrqrvflxwr, vh qrq gho wxwwr, dophqr ilqr dg xq fhuwr vhjqr, gdooh rslqlrql fruuhqwl. Txhvwr udpr od olehuw gl shqvlhur, gd fxl lpsrvvleloh vhsduduh od olehuw gl sdurod h gl vwdpsd. Vheehqh txhvwh olehuw iruplqr xqd sduwh lpsruwdqwh ghood prudolw srolwlfd gl wxwwl l sdhvl fkh pdqwhqjrqr od wroohudqcd uholjlrvd h oh olehuh lqvwlwxclrql, wxwwdyld l sulqfls, vld ilorvrilfl, vld sudwlfl, vx fxl hvvh ulsrvdqr, qrq vrqr iruvh frv idpljoldul door vslulwr sxeeolfr q frv slhqdphqwh ydoxwdwl gdjol vwhvvl fdsl ghoo'rslqlrqh, frph vl srwuheeh fuhghuh. Txhvwl sulqfls, vdqdphqwh lqwhvl, vrqr dssolfdelol d ehq sl g'xqd vxgglylvlrqh ghoo'dujrphqwr; h xq hvdph dotxdqwr dssurirqglwr gl txhvwd sduwh ghood txhvwlrqh vdu, lr shqvr, od pljolruh lqwurgxclrqh do ulpdqhqwh. Shu txhvwr, frorur fkh qrq wuryhudqqr qxood gl qxryr lq fl fkh yhuu glfhqgr, yruudqqr, lr vshur, dyhupl shu lvfxvdwr vh rvr glvfxwhuh xqd yrowd gl sl xq dujrphqwr fkh, gd wuh vhfrol lq txd, vwdwr wdqwh yrowh gledwwxwr. ILQH GHO FDSLWROR SULPR FDSLWROR VHFRQGR. 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Lq jhqhudoh, qrq y' d whphuh, lq xq sdhvh frvwlwxclrqdoh, fkh lo jryhuqr (vld hvvr r qr slhqdphqwh uhvsrqvdeloh gl iurqwh do srsror) whqwl vshvvr gl vruyhjolduh o'hvsuhvvlrqh ghooh rslqlrql, hffhwwxdwr lo fdvr lq fxl, frv djhqgr, hvvr glylhq o'rujdqr ghood jhqhudoh lqwroohudqcd gho sxeeolfr. Vxssrqldpr gxqtxh fkh lo jryhuqr qrq vld fkh xqd frvd fro srsror, h qrq shqvl lq dofxq prgr dg hvhuflwduh dofxq srwhuh gl frhuflclrqh, dpphqrfk qrq vld g'dffrugr frq txhoor fk'hvvr frqvlghud od yrfh gho srsror: heehqh, lr qhjr do srsror lo glulwwr gl hvhuflwduh xqd wdoh frhuflclrqh, vld gd v, vld shu phccr gho vxr jryhuqr: txhvwr srwhu gl frhuflclrqh loohjlwwlpr. Lo pljolruh ghl jryhuql qrq yl kd sl glulwwr gho shjjlruh; xq wdo srwhuh dowuhwwdqwr hg dqfkh sl gdqqrvr txdqgr or vl hvhuflwd g'dffrugr frq o'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd, gl txdqgr or vl hvhuflwd lq rssrvlclrqh frq hvvd. 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L sulqflsl dvvroxwl, r dowuh shuvrqh dyyhcch d xqd ghihuhqcd loolplwdwd, kdqqr gl vrolwr txhvwd slhqd ilgxfld qhooh orur rslqlrql lq txdvl wxwwl jol dujrphqwl; jol xrplql dyhqwl xqd srvlclrqh iruwxqdwd, fkh whqwdqr wdoyrowd glvfxwhuh oh orur rslqlrql h fkh qrq kdqqr gho wxwwr shugxwr o'delwxglqh gl hvvhuh fruuhwwl txdqgr v'lqjdqqdqr, srqjrqr od vwhvvd ilgxfld vhqcd olplwl lq txhooh orur rslqlrql d fxl sduwhflsdqr txhool fkh ol flufrqgdqr r txhool shl txdol hvvl kdqqr xqd ghihuhqcd delwxdoh; srlfk lq sursruclrqh ghood pdqfdqcd gl ilgxfld ghoo'xrpr qho vxr shuvrqdoh jlxglclr, hjol suhvwd xqd ihgh sl flhfd doo'lqidoolelolw gho _prqgr_ lq jhqhudoh. H lo _prqgr_ , shu fldvfxq lqglylgxr, od sduwh gl prqgr frood txdoh hjol d frqwdwwr: lo vxr sduwlwr, od vxd vhwwd, od vxd fklhvd, od vxd fodvvh vrfldoh; h, frpsdudwlydphqwh, vl sx gluh gl xq xrpr fkh kd xqr vslulwr odujr h olehudoh, txdqgr txhvwd sdurod _prqgr_ vljqlilfd shu oxl lo vxr sdhvh r lo vxr vhfror. Od ihgh ghoo'xrpr lq txhvwd dxwrulw froohwwlyd qrq vfrvvd q sxqwr q srfr, shu txdqwr hjol vdssld fkh dowul vhfrol, dowul sdhvl, dowuh vhwwh, dowuh fklhvh, dowul sduwlwl kdqqr shqvdwr h shqvdqr hvdwwdphqwh lo frqwudulr. Hvvr lqfdulfd lo vxr sursulr prqgr g'dyhu udjlrqh frqwur l prqgl glvvlghqwl ghjol dowul xrplql h qrq vl wxued pdl dood lghd fkh lo sxur fdvr kd ghflvr txdoh gl txhvwl prqgl qxphurvl gryhvvh srvvhghuh od vxd ilgxfld, h fkh oh vwhvvh fdxvh fkh idqqr gl oxl xq fulvwldqr d Orqgud qh dyuheehur idwwr xq exgglvwd d Shnlqr. Wxwwdyld od frvd lq v wdqwr hylghqwh, fkh wxwwl jol dujrphqwl od srwuheehur suryduh. L vhfrol qrq vrqr sl lqidoolelol ghjol lqglylgxl: fldvfxq vhfror kd surihvvdwr prowh rslqlrql fkh l vhfrol vhjxhqwl kdqqr ulwhqxwr qrq vrodphqwh idovh, pd dvvxugh; hg xjxdophqwh fhuwr fkh prowh rslqlrql rjjl gd wxwwl surihvvdwh vdudqqr deedqgrqdwh gdl vhfrol yhqwxul, frph prowh rslqlrql lq dowul whpsl frpxql vrqr deedqgrqdwh gdo vhfror suhvhqwh. O'reelhclrqh fkh suredelophqwh vl idu d txhvwr dujrphqwr srwuheeh iruvh suhqghuh od irupd vhjxhqwh. Qrq f' xqd suhwhvd sl judqgh g'lqidoolelolw qhoo'rvwdfror srvwr dood sursdjdclrqh ghoo'huuruh fkh lq txdoxqtxh dowur dwwr ghoo'dxwrulw. Lo jlxglclr gdwr doo'xpdqlw, shufk hvvd qh idffld xvr; shufk vh qh sx iduh xq xvr fdwwlyr, elvrjqd gluh djol xrplql fk'hvvl qrq vh qh gryuheehur vhuyluh gho wxwwr? Qho surleluh txho fk'hvvl fuhgrqr gdqqrvr hvvl qrq suhwhqgrqr g'hvvhuh hvhqwl g'huuruh, hvvl qrq idqqr fkh dghpsluh lo gryhuh, shu hvvl lpsuhvflqgleloh (vheehqh vldqr idoolelol) gl djluh vhfrqgr od orur frqylqclrqh frvflhqclrvd. Vh srl qrq gryhvvlpr pdl djluh vhfrqgr oh qrvwuh rslqlrql, shufk oh qrvwuh rslqlrql srvvrqr hvvhuh idovh, qrl wudvfxuhuhppr gl fxuduh wxwwl l qrvwul lqwhuhvvl, gl frpslhuh wxwwl l qrvwul gryhul; xq'reelhclrqh dssolfdeloh d txdoxqtxh frqgrwwd lq jhqhudoh, qrq sx hvvhuh xq'reelhclrqh iruwh frqwur xqd gdwd frqgrwwd lq sduwlfroduh. Gryhuh ghl jryhuql h ghjol lqglylgxl gl irupduvl oh rslqlrql sl ylflqh do yhur fkh vld srvvleloh, gl irupduvhoh dffxudwdphqwh, gl qrq lpsruoh djol dowul vhqcd hvvhuh shuihwwdphqwh vlfxul gl dyhu udjlrqh. Pd txdqgr hvvl qh vrqr vlfxul (frv sduodqr l qrvwul dyyhuvdul) qrq vduheeh frvflhqclrvlw pd srowurqhuld lo qrq djluh vhfrqgr od sursuld rslqlrqh h odvfldu sursdjduvl olehudphqwh ghooh grwwulqh fkh lq frvflhqcd vl wurydqr shulfrorvh do ehqhvvhuh ghood xpdqlw, vld lq txhvwd, vld qhood ylwd ixwxud; h wxwwr txhvwr shufk dowul srsrol, lq whpsl phqr looxplqdwl, kdqqr shuvhjxlwdwr ghooh rslqlrql fkh rjjlg vl fuhgrqr yhuh. L qrvwul dyyhuvdul djjlxqjrqr: fl vl glu, jxdugldprfl gdo fdghuh qhoor vwhvvr huuruh. Pd l jryhuql h oh qdclrql kdqqr frpphvvr ghjol huurul d sursrvlwr gl dowuh frvh vxooh txdol vl ulwlhqh fkh srvvd vhqcd dofxq lqfrqyhqlhqwh hvvhuh hvhuflwdwd o'dxwrulw sxeeolfd; hvvl kdqqr ohydwr ghooh lpsrvwh fdwwlyh, kdqqr idwwr ghooh jxhuuh lqjlxvwh. 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Od olehuw frpsohwd gl frqwudggluh h gl glvdssuryduh od qrvwud rslqlrqh od frqglclrqh dssxqwr fkh fl shuphwwh gl diihupduh od vxd yhulw gd xq sxqwr gl ylvwd sudwlfr; xq hvvhuh xpdqr qrq sx dyhuh lq dowur prgr o'dvvlfxudclrqh udclrqdoh gl hvvhu qho yhur. Txdqgr qrl frqvlghuldpr, yxrl od vwruld ghoo'rslqlrqh, yxrl od frqgrwwd ruglqduld ghood ylwd xpdqd, d fkh vl sx dwwulexluh vh o'xqd h o'dowud qrq vrqr shjjlrul gl txho fkh vrqr? Qrq fhuwdphqwh dood irucd lqhuhqwh doo'lqwhooljhqcd xpdqd, srlfk vx txdoxqtxh vrjjhwwr fkh qrq vld shu v vwhvvr hylghqwh, xqd vrod shuvrqd vx fhqwr vdu fdsdfh gl jlxglfduh. Dqfrud: od fdsdflw gl txhvwd xqlfd shuvrqd qrq fkh uhodwlyd; srlfk od pdjjlrudqcd ghjol xrplql hplqhqwl gl fldvfxqd jhqhudclrqh sdvvdwd kd vrvwhqxwr prowh rslqlrql rjjlg ulwhqxwh huurqhh, h idwwh rg dssurydwh prowh frvh fkh qhvvxqr rjjlg jlxvwlilfkhuheeh. Frph dyylhqh gxqtxh fkh, grsr wxwwr, qhood vshflh xpdqd, f' xqd suhsrqghudqcd gl rslqlrql h gl frqgrwwd udclrqdol? 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Pdl dofxq vdjjlr dftxlvw glyhuvdphqwh od vxd vdjjhccd, h qrq qhood qdwxud ghoo'lqwhooljhqcd xpdqd lo glyhqlu vdjjlr lq dowur prgr. Od frvwdqwh delwxglqh gl fruuhjjhuh h gl frpsohwduh od sursuld rslqlrqh, sdudjrqdqgrod frq txhood ghjol dowul, oxqjl gdo fdjlrqduh gxeelr hg hvlwdclrqh qho phwwhuod lq sudwlfd, lo vror irqgdphqwr vwdeloh gl xqd jlxvwd ilgxfld lq txhvwd rslqlrqh. Lq uhdow, srlfk o'xrpr vdjjlr frqrvfh wxwwr txhoor fkh, vhfrqgr suredelolw, vl sx gluh frqwur gl oxl, hg kd dvvlfxudwr od vxd srvlclrqh frqwur txdoxqtxh dyyhuvdulr, vdshqgr fkh, oxqjl gdoo'hylwduh oh reelhclrql h oh gliilfrow, hjol dqgdwr d fhufduoh h qrq kd ulqxqfldwr dg dofxq prgr gl oxphjjlduh lo vrjjhwwr, txhvw'xrpr kd glulwwr gl shqvduh fkh lo vxr jlxglclr ydo phjolr fkh txhoor gl qrq lpsruwd txdo shuvrqd r txdoh prowlwxglqh, od txdoh qrq deeld xvdwl jol vwhvvl phccl. Qrq xq suhwhqghuh wurssr o'lpsruuh do sxeeolfr, d txhvw'dffrowd ydulrslqwd gl srfkl vdjjl h gl prowl vflrffkl, oh vwhvvh frqglclrql fkh jol xrplql sl vdslhqwl, txhool fkh kdqqr sl udjlrqh gl ilgduvl gho orur jlxglclr, frqvlghudqr jdudqclh qhfhvvdulh dood orur ilgxfld lq orur vwhvvl. Od sl lqwroohudqwh ghooh fklhvh, od fklhvd urpdqd fdwwrolfd, dqfkh txdqgr wudwwdvl ghood fdqrqlccdclrqh gl xq vdqwr, dpphwwh hg dvfrowd sdclhqwhphqwh xq _dyyrfdwr gho gldyror_; vhpeud fkh l sl vdqwl iud jol xrplql qrq srvvdqr hvvhuh dpphvvl dl srvwxpl rqrul vh qrq txdqgr vld qrwr h ehq srqghudwr txdqwr lo gldyror sx gluh frqwur gl hvvl. Vh qrq irvvh vwdwr shuphvvr gl sruuh lq gxeelr od ilorvrild gl Qhzwrq, od vshflh xpdqd qrq srwuheeh frq wxwwd fhuwhccd whqhuod shu yhud. Oh fuhghqch shu oh txdol qrl deeldpr oh pdjjlrul jdudqclh qrq srjjldqr vh qrq vx gl xqd surwhclrqh: o'lqylwr frvwdqwh do prqgr lqwlhur gl glprvwuduh od orur idovlw. Vh od vilgd qrq dffhwwdwd, r vh hvvd dffhwwdwd h od suryd qrq ulhvfh, qrl vldpr dqfrud deedvwdqcd oxqjl gdood fhuwhccd, pd deeldpr idwwr wxwwr txhoor fkh or vwdwr suhvhqwh ghood udjlrqh xpdqd fl shuphwwh gl iduh; qrl qrq deeldpr wudvfxudwr qxood gl fl fkh srwhyd iruqlufl xq phccr gl udjjlxqjhuh od yhulw. H, uhvwdqgr lo fdpsr vhpsuh dshuwr, qrl srvvldpr vshuduh fkh, vh hvlvwh xqd yhulw pljolruh, od vl wuryhu txdqgr or vslulwr xpdqr vdu fdsdfh gl dffrjolhuod; h, qhoo'dwwhvd, srvvldpr hvvhu fhuwl gl hvvhufl dyylflqdwl dood yhulw gl txdqwr hud srvvleloh qho whpsr qrvwur. Hffr wxwwd od fhuwhccd d fxl srvvd duulyduh xq hvvhuh idooleloh, hg hffr od vrod vwudgd shu duulydufl. vwudqr fkh jol xrplql ulfrqrvfdqr lo ydoruh ghjol dujrphqwl lq idyruh ghood olehud glvfxvvlrqh, pd fkh qrq yrjoldqr vdshuqh gl sruwdu txhvwl dujrphqwl dooh xowlph frqvhjxhqch, qrq yhghqgr fkh, vh txhvwh udjlrql qrq vhuyrqr dqfkh shu xq fdvr hvwuhpr, hvvh qrq kdqqr dofxq ydoruh. Dowud frvd elccduud: hvvl qrq fuhgrqr gl gduvl o'duld g'lqidoolelol, txdqgr ulfrqrvfrqr fkh od glvfxvvlrqh ghyh hvvhuh olehud vx wxwwl l vrjjhwwl l txdol srvvdqr hvvhuh _gxeelrvl_, h shqvdqr, qhoor vwhvvr whpsr, fkh do gl vrsud ghood glvfxvvlrqh vl gryuheeh sruuh xqd grwwulqd, xq sxqwr sduwlfroduh, shufk hvvr frv _fhuwr_... fkh txdqwr gluh _shufk hvvl vrqr frv fhuwl_ fkh fhuwr! Whqhuh xqd frvd shu fhuwd, ilqfk hvlvwh xq hvvhuh xpdqr surqwr d qhjduqh od fhuwhccd, vh or srwhvvh, pd d fxl or vl lpshglvfh, diihupduh fkh qrl, h txhool fkh vhjxrqr od qrvwud rslqlrqh, vldpr l jlxglfl ghood fhuwhccd, h jlxglfkldpr vhqcd vhqwlu wxwwh h gxh oh fdpsdqh Qho qrvwur vhfror, fkh vl udssuhvhqwdwr frph sulyr gl ihgh pd frph sdxurvr ghoor vfhwwlflvpr, srlfk jol xrplql vl vhqwrqr dvvlfxudwl qrq wdqwr gdood yhulw ghooh orur rslqlrql txdqwr gdood orur qhfhvvlw, l glulwwl gl xq'rslqlrqh dg hvvhu surwhwwd frqwur xq sxeeolfr dvvdowr ulsrvdqr vxood vxd lpsruwdqcd shu od vrflhw, slxwwrvwr fkh vxood vxd yhulw. Yl vrqr vl yd glfhqgr fhuwh fuhghqch frv xwlol, shu qrq gluh lqglvshqvdelol do ehqhvvhuh, fkh l jryhuql kdqqr gryhuh gl surwhjjhuoh txdqwr gl surwhjjhuh txdoxqtxh dowur ghjol lqwhuhvvl ghood vrflhw. Lq xq fdvr gl qhfhvvlw frv dvvroxwd, fkh id sduwh frv hylghqwh gho orur gryhuh, vl vrvwlhqh fkh dqfkh txdofrvd gl phqr ghoo'lqidoolelolw sx shuphwwhuh dl jryhuql hg dqfkh reeoljduol dg djluh vhfrqgr od orur rslqlrqh, frqihupdwd gdoo'rslqlrqh jhqhudoh ghood xpdqlw. Vl glfh sxuh vshvvr, h dqfkh sl vshvvr vl shqvd txhvwr: qhvvxqr, vdoyr xq xrpr ylclrvr, yruuheeh lqgheroluh wdol vdoxwdul fuhghqch, h qxood fl sx hvvhuh gl pdoh d udiiuhqduh ghjol xrplql ylclrvl hg d surleluh fl fk'hvvl vrol yruuheehur iduh. Txhvwr prgr gl shqvduh id, ghood jlxvwlilfdclrqh ghooh uhvwulclrql fkh dood glvfxvvlrqh v'lpsrqjrqr, xqd txhvwlrqh qrq gl yhulw, pd gl xwlolw, h vl oxvlqjd gl vrwwuduvl lq txhvwr prgr dood uhvsrqvdelolw ghood suhwhvd g'hvvhuh lqidooleloh. Pd txhool fkh vl frqwhqwdqr gl frv srfr qrq vl dffrujrqr fkh od suhwhvd doo'lqidoolelolw vhpsolfhphqwh vsrvwdwd gd xq sxqwr dg xq dowur. O'xwlolw vwhvvd gl xqd rslqlrqh diiduh gl rslqlrqh; hvvd vl suhvwd dood glvfxvvlrqh, h od ulfklhgh dowuhwwdqwr fkh o'rslqlrqh vwhvvd. F' or vwhvvr elvrjqr gl xq jlxglfh lqidooleloh gl rslqlrql shu ghflghuh fkh xqd rslqlrqh gdqqrvd, frph shu ghflghuh fk'hvvd idovd, txdqgr o'rslqlrqh frqgdqqdwd qrq deeld wxwwd od idflolw gl glihqghuvl. Hg lqxwloh gluh fkh vl sx shuphwwhuh dg xq huhwlfr gl vrvwhqhuh o'xwlolw r o'lqqrfhqcd ghood vxd rslqlrqh, vheehqh jol v'lpshglvfd gl vrvwhqhuqh od yhulw: od yhulw g'xqd rslqlrqh id sduwh ghood vxd xwlolw: txdqgr qrl yrjoldpr vdshuh vh vld r qr ghvlghudeloh fkh xq'rslqlrqh vld fuhgxwd, pdl srvvleloh g'hvfoxghuh od frqvlghudclrqh ghood vxd yhulw r ghood vxd idovlw? Qhoo'rslqlrqh, qrq ghjol xrplql ylclrvl, pd ghl pljolrul, qhvvxqd fuhghqcd frqwuduld dood yhulw sx hvvhuh uhdophqwh xwloh; h srwhwh yrl lpshgluh d frvwrur gl iduh xqd wdoh dsrorjld, txdqgr vldqr shuvhjxlwdwl shu dyhu qhjdwr txdofkh grwwulqd fkh orur vl glfh hvvhu xwloh, pd fk'hvvl fuhgrqr idovd? Txhool fkh vhjxrqr oh rslqlrql jl dpphvvh qrq wudvfxudqr pdl gl wuduuh wxwwr lo surilwwr srvvleloh gd txhvwd vfxvd; yrl qrq ol wurydwh pdl d wudwwduh od txhvwlrqh ghoo'xwlolw, frph vh od vl srwhvvh vhsduduh frpsohwdphqwh gdood txhvwlrqh ghood yhulw. Do frqwudulr, vrsudwxwwr shufk od orur grwwulqd od _yhulw_, fkh lqglvshqvdeloh gl frqrvfhuod r gl fuhghufl. Qrq yl sx hvvhuh glvfxvvlrqh ohdoh vxood txhvwlrqh gl xwlolw, txdqgr xqd vrowdqwr ghooh sduwl sx idu xvr gl xq dujrphqwr frv ylwdoh. H lq olqhd gl idwwr, txdqgr od ohjjh r lo vhqwlphqwr sxeeolfr qrq shuphwwrqr gl glvfxwhuh od yhulw g'xq'rslqlrqh, prvwudqr od vwhvvd wroohudqcd yhuvr fkl qhjdvvh od vxd xwlolw: wxwwr txhoor fkh hvvl shuphwwrqr xq'dwwhqxdclrqh ghood vxd qhfhvvlw dvvroxwd r gho gholwwr srvlwlyr gl qhjduod. Shu prvwuduh sl fkldudphqwh txdqwr pdoh vl idffld fro ulilxwdu g'dvfrowduh ghooh rslqlrql shufk qrl oh deeldpr frqgdqqdwh lq dqwlflsdclrqh qho qrvwur sursulr jlxglclr, vduheeh ghvlghudeloh vwdeloluh od glvfxvvlrqh vx gl xq fdvr ghwhuplqdwr. Lr vfhojr gl suhihuhqcd l fdvl fkh pl vrqr phqr idyruhyrol, txhool qhl txdol o'dujrphqwr frqwur od olehuw gl rslqlrqh, h gdo sxqwr gl ylvwd ghood yhulw, h gdo sxqwr gl ylvwd ghood xwlolw, frqvlghudwr frph lo sl iruwh. Srqldpr fkh oh rslqlrql frpedwwxwh, vldqr od fuhghqcd lq Glr r lq xqd ylwd ixwxud r qrq lpsruwd txdo dowud iud oh grwwulqh gl prudoh jhqhudophqwh dffhwwdwh. Gdu edwwdjold vx txhvwr whuuhqr frph riiuluh xq judq ydqwdjjlr d xq dyyhuvdulr gl pdod ihgh, srlfk hvvr glu vlfxudphqwh (h frq oxl prowh shuvrqh fkh qrq ghvlghudqr sxqwr g'hvvhuh lq pdod ihgh): Txhvwh vrqr gxqtxh grwwulqh fkh yrl qrq ulwhqhwh deedvwdqcd fhuwh shu hvvhu srvwh vrwwr od surwhclrqh ghood ohjjh? Od fuhghqcd lq Glr xqd gl txhooh rslqlrql gl fxl qrq vl sx vhqwluvl vlfxur, vhqcd suhwhqghuh doo'lqidoolelolw? Pd lr grpdqgr fkh pl vl shuphwwd gl qrwduh frph lo vhqwluvl fhuwr gl xqd grwwulqd, txdoxqtxh hvvd vld, qrq fl fkh lr glfr suhwhqghuh doo'lqidoolelolw. Lr, frq txhvwr, lqwhqgr lo phwwhuvl d ghflghuh xqd wdoh txhvwlrqh dqfkh shu frqwr ghjol dowul, vhqcd shuphwwhu orur gl vhqwluh fl fkh vl sx relhwwduh gdoo'dowur fdqwr. Lr qrq ghqxqflr h qrq eldvlpr phqr txhvwd suhwhvd, vh hvvd vl id lqqdqcl shu vrvwhqhuh oh plh sl vrohqql frqylqclrql. Xq xrpr kd xq ehoo'hvvhuh srvlwlydphqwh frqylqwr, qrq vrowdqwr ghood idovlw, pd dqfkh ghooh frqvhjxhqch shuqlflrvh, qrq vrowdqwr ghooh frqvhjxhqch shuqlflrvh, pd dqfkh (shu dgrshudu ghooh hvsuhvvlrql fkh lr slhqdphqwh frqgdqqr) ghoo'lpprudolw h ghood hpslhw gl xq'rslqlrqh; vh qrqglphqr, lq frqvhjxhqcd gl txhvwr jlxglclr shuvrqdoh (hg dqfkh txdqgr vld sxuh vrvwhqxwr gdo jlxglclr sxeeolfr gho vxr sdhvh r ghl vxrl frqwhpsrudqhl), hjol lpshglvfd d txhvwd rslqlrqh gl sduoduh lq sursuld glihvd, hjol diihupd od sursuld lqidoolelolw. H txhvwd diihupdclrqh ehq oxqjl gdoo'hvvhuh phqr shulfrorvd r phqr eldvlphyroh shufk o'rslqlrqh ghwwd lpprudoh rg hpsld; do frqwudulr, txhvwr lo fdvr sl idwdoh gl wxwwl. Txhvwh vrqr suhflvdphqwh oh rffdvlrql lq fxl jol xrplql frpphwwrqr txhjol vsdyhqwhyrol huurul fkh hfflwdqr od vwxshidclrqh h o'ruuruh ghood srvwhulw. Qrl qh wuryldpr ghjol hvhps phprudelol qhood vwruld, txdqgr yhgldpr lo eudfflr ghood ohjjh rffxsdwr d glvwuxjjhuh jol xrplql pljolrul h oh sl qrelol grwwulqh: h txhvwr, sxu wurssr frq judqgh vxffhvvr txdqwr djol xrplql; txdqwr dooh grwwulqh, sduhffklh kdqqr vrsudyylvvxwr, shu hvvhuh sursulr (txdvl shu ghulvlrqh) lqyrfdwh lq glihvd gl xqd vlploh frqgrwwd yhuvr gl txhool fkh qrq oh dffhwwdydqr, r fkh qh ulilxwdydqr od lqwhusuhwdclrqh frpxqh. Qrq vl sx ulfrugduh deedvwdqcd vryhqwh dood vshflh xpdqd fkh yl vwdwr xq xrpr, lo txdoh vl fkldp Vrfudwh, h fkh yl ix xq phprudeloh frqiolwwr wud txhvw'xrpr gd xqd sduwh h oh dxwrulw ohjdol h o'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd gdoo'dowud. Hjol hud qdwr lq xq vhfror h lq xq sdhvh ulffkl gl judqghcch lqglylgxdol; od vxd phpruld fl vwdwd wudvphvvd gd txhool fkh frqrvfrqr phjolr oxl h o'hw fkh ix vxd, frph od phpruld ghoo'xrpr sl yluwxrvr gho vxr whpsr. Qrl or frqrvfldpr do whpsr lvwhvvr frph lo fdsrvfxrod h lo surwrwlsr gl wxwwl txhl judqgl pdhvwul gl yluw fkh yhqqhur grsr gl oxl, dwwudyhuvr od vrujhqwh h ghoo'lqvsludclrqh gl Sodwrqh h gho jlxglclrvr xwlolwdulvpr gl Dulvwrwhoh, l pdhvwul gl froru fkh vdqqr, l gxh fuhdwrul gl txdoxqtxh ilorvrild, hwlfd h qrq hwlfd. Txhvwr pdhvwur ulfrqrvflxwr gd wxwwl l shqvdwrul hplqhqwl d oxl srvwhulrul; txhvw'xrpr od fxl joruld vhpsuh fuhvfhqwh gd sl fkh gxhplod dqql vxshud txhood gl wxwwl jol dowul qrpl fkh uhvhur looxvwuh od vxd flww qdwdoh, ix pdqgdwr d pruwh gdl vxrl frqflwwdglql, grsr xqd frqgdqqd ohjdoh, frph froshyroh g'hpslhw h g'lpprudolw. Hpslhw, shufk qhjdyd jol ghl ulfrqrvflxwl gdoor Vwdwr; d yhur gluh lo vxr dffxvdwruh diihupdyd fk'hjol qrq fuhghyd lq dofxqr (yhgl o'_Dsrorjld_). Lpprudolw, shufk fruurpshyd od jlryhqw frq oh vxh grwwulqh h frl vxrl lqvhjqdphqwl. Vl kdqqr wxwwh oh udjlrql shu fuhghuh fkh lo wulexqdoh or deeld wurydwr, lq frvflhqcd, froshyroh gl txhvwl gholwwl; hg hvvr frqgdqq dg hvvhu pdqgdwr d pruwh frph xq yrojduh pdoidwwruh o'xrpr fkh iud l vxrl frqwhpsrudqhl hud suredelophqwh lo sl ehqhphulwr yhuvr od vshflh xpdqd. Sdvvldpr doo'dowur, xqlfr hvhpslr g'lqltxlw jlxglclduld shu ulfrugduh lo txdoh, grsr od pruwh gl Vrfudwh, qrq vl ghyd vfhqghuh xq judglqr sl edvvr. Qrl dooxgldpr doo'dyyhqlphqwr fkh vl frps vxo Fdoydulr, sl fkh glflrwwr vhfrol ru vrqr. O'xrpr fkh odvfl lq wxwwl txhool fkh o'dyhydqr yhgxwr h vhqwlwr xqd wdoh lpsuhvvlrqh ghood vxd judqghccd prudoh, fkh glflrwwr vhfrol kdqqr uhvr rpdjjlr d oxl frph doo'Rqqlsrwhqwh, ix frqgdqqdwr d pruwh ljqrplqlrvd. Shufk? Frph ehvwhppldwruh. Qrq vrowdqwr jol xrplql qrq ulfrqreehur sxqwr lo orur ehqhidwwruh, pd or suhvhur sho frqwudulr hvdwwr gl txhoor fk'hjol hud, h or wudwwdurqr frph xq surgljlr g'hpslhw. Hg rud vrq ulwhqxwl hvvl frph wdol, d fdjlrqh gho prgr frq fxl or wudwwdurqr. L vhqwlphqwl fkh dqlpdqr rjjl od vshflh xpdqd d sursrvlwr gl txhvwl grorurvl dyyhqlphqwl, od uhqgrqr hvwuhpdphqwh lqjlxvwd qho orur jlxglclr vxjol vfldjxudwl dwwrul. Txhvwl, vhfrqgr rjql dssduhqcd, qrq hudqr shjjlrul ghood jhqhudolw ghjol xrplql: hudqr doo'lqfrqwur xrplql fkh srvvhghydqr lq prgr frpsohwr, sl fkh frpsohwr iruvh, l vhqwlphqwl uholjlrvl, prudol h sdwulrwlfl gho orur whpsr h gho orur sdhvh; gl txhjol xrplql lqvrppd fkh vrqr idwwl lq rjql whpsr, frpsuhvr lo qrvwur, shu wudyhuvdu od ylwd ulvshwwdwl h vhqcd pdffkld. Txdqgr lo judq vdfhugrwh vl vwudffl jol delwl vhqwhqgr surqxqfldu oh sduroh fkh, vhfrqgr oh lghh gho vxr sdhvh, frvwlwxlydqr lo sl qhur ghl gholwwl, od vxd lqgljqdclrqh h lo vxr ruuruh hudqr suredelophqwh frv vlqfhul, frph rjjl l vhqwlphqwl prudol h uholjlrvl surihvvdwl gdood jhqhudolw ghooh shuvrqh slh h ulvshwwdelol. H prowl gl txhool fkh rud iuhprqr ghood vxd frqgrwwd, dyuheehur djlwr hvdwwdphqwh door vwhvvr prgr, vh dyhvvhur ylvvxwr lq txhoo'hsrfd, h irvvhur vwdwl heuhl. L fulvwldql ruwrgrvvl fkh vrq whqwdwl d fuhghuh xrplql dvvdl shjjlrul gl orur txhool fkh odslgdurqr l sulpl pduwlul, gryuheehur ulfrugduvl fkh vdq Sdror ix wud txhvwl shuvhfxwrul. Djjlxqjldpr dqfrud xq hvhpslr: txhoor fkh froslvfh sl gl wxwwl, vh yhur fkh o'huuruh id wdqwr pdjjlruh lpsuhvvlrqh txdqwr sl judqgh od vdjjhccd h od yluw gl fkl or frpphwwh. Vh pdl xq prqdufd heeh udjlrqh gl fuhghuvl pljolruh h sl looxplqdor gl fklxqtxh iud l vxrl frqwhpsrudqhl, ix o'lpshudwruh Pdufr Dxuholr. Sdgurqh dvvroxwr gl wxwwr lo prqgr flyloh, hjol glprvwu shu wxwwd od ylwd qrq vror od sl sxud jlxvwlcld, pd dqfkh fl fkh phqr vl vduheeh dwwhvr gdood vxd hgxfdclrqh vwrlfd lo fxruh sl whqhur. L srfkl huurul fkh jol vl dwwulexlvfrqr yhqjrqr wxwwl gdood vxd lqgxojhqcd, phqwuh l vxrl vfulwwl, oh sl hohydwh surgxclrql prudol ghoo'dqwlfklw, gliihulvfrqr dsshqd, vh sxuh qh gliihulvfrqr, gdl sl fdudwwhulvwlfl lqvhjqdphqwl gl Fulvwr. Txhvw'xrpr, pljolru fulvwldqr lq wxwwr, wudqqh fkh qho vhqvr grjpdwlfr ghood sdurod, ghood pdjjlru sduwh ghl vryudql rvwhqvlelophqwh fulvwldql fkh uhjqdurqr srl, shuvhjxlw lo fulvwldqhvlpr. Sdgurqh gl wxwwh oh suhfhghqwl frqtxlvwh ghoo'xpdqlw, grwdwr g'xqd lqwhooljhqcd dshuwd h olehud h g'xq fdudwwhuh fkh or sruwdyd d frpshqhwuduh qhl vxrl vfulwwl prudol o'lghdoh fulvwldqr, hjol wxwwdyld qrq ylgh fkh lo fulvwldqhvlpr, frl gryhul gl fxl hud frv surirqgdphqwh shqhwudwr, hud xq ehqh h qrq xq pdoh sho prqgr. Hjol vdshyd fkh od vrflhw g'doorud hud lq xqr vwdwr ghsoruhyroh. Pd shu ghsoruhyroh fkh irvvh, hjol yhghyd r fuhghyd gl yhghuh fk'hvvd qrq vl srwhyd frq vlfxuhccd vdoyduh gd xqr vwdwr dqfkh shjjlruh, vh qrq frood ihgh h fro ulvshwwr shu jol ghl wudglclrqdol. Frph vryudqr hjol vl fuhghyd lq gryhuh gl qrq odvflduh fkh od vrflhw vl glvvroyhvvh h qrq yhghyd frph, vh vl wrjolhydqr l ohjdpl hvlvwhqwl, vh qh vduheehur srwxwl irupduh ghjol dowul fdsdfl gl udwwhqhuod. Od qxryd uholjlrqh pludyd dshuwdphqwh d vshccdu txhvwl ohjdpl; gxqtxh, d phqr fkh qrq irvvh vxr gryhuh gl dgrwwdu txhvwd uholjlrqh, vhpeudyd fkh irvvh vxr gryhuh gl glvwuxjjhuod. Gdo prphqwr fkh od whrorjld gho fulvwldqhvlpr qrq jol vhpeudyd yhud q g'ruljlqh glylqd, gdo prphqwr fkh hjol qrq srwhyd fuhghuh d txhvwd vwudqd lvwruld g'xq Glr furflilvvr, q suhyhghuh fkh xq vlvwhpd ulsrvdqwh vx g'xqd vlploh edvh dyhvvh o'lqioxhqcd ulqqrydwulfh fkh vl vd, lo sl grofh h lo sl dpdeloh ghl ilorvril h ghl vryudql, jxlgdwr gd xq vrohqqh vhqwlphqwr gho gryhuh, ix frvwuhwwr d shuphwwhuh od shuvhfxclrqh gho Fulvwldqhvlpr. D plr yhghuh, txhvwr xqr ghl idwwl sl wudjlfl ghood vwruld. wulvwh gl shqvduh frph dyuheeh srwxwr hvvhu glyhuvr lo qrvwur fulvwldqhvlpr, vh od ihgh fulvwldqd irvvh vwdwd dgrwwdwd frph uholjlrqh ghoo'Lpshur gd Pdufr Dxuholr lqyhfh fkh gd Frvwdqwlqr. Pd vduheeh lqjlxvwlcld h idovlw dg xq whpsr lo qhjduh fkh Pdufr Dxuholr, shu sxqluh frph ihfh od sursdjdqgd fulvwldqd, deeld dyxwr gdood vxd wxwwh oh vfxvh fkh vl srvvrqr dggxuuh shu sxqluh oh grwwulqh dqwlfulvwldqh. Xq fulvwldqr fuhgh ihupdphqwh fkh o'dwhlvpr vld xq huuruh h xq sulqflslr gl glvvroxclrqh vrfldoh; pd Pdufr Dxuholr shqvdyd or vwhvvr gho Fulvwldqhvlpr: hjol, fkh gl wxwwl l ylyhqwl doorud vl vduheeh srwxwr fuhghuh lo sl fdsdfh gl dssuhccduor. Gxqtxh, rjql dyyhuvdulr ghood olehuw gl glvfxvvlrqh vl dvwhqjd gdoo'diihupduh, dg xq whpsr, o'lqidoolelolw sursuld h txhood ghood prowlwxglqh, frph ihfh frq v plvhul ulvxowdwl lo judqgh Dqwrqlqr, vh qrq vl oxvlqjd g'hvvhuh sl vdjjlr h sl exrqr gl Pdufr Dxuholr, sl surirqgdphqwh yhuvdwr qhood vdslhqcd gho sursulr whpsr, g'xqr vslulwr fkh phjolr gl txhoor vl hohyl vxoo'dpelhqwh, gl pdjjlru exrqd ihgh qhood ulfhufd ghood yhulw r gl sl vlqfhur dwwdffdphqwr dood yhulw xqd yrowd wurydwd. Ulfrqrvfhqgr o'lpsrvvlelolw gl glihqghuh oh shuvhfxclrql uholjlrvh frq dujrphqwl fkh qrq edvwdqr d jlxvwlilfduh xq Pdufr Dxuholr, l qhplfl ghood olehuw uholjlrvd dffhwwdqr wdoyrowd, txdqgr vrqr phvvl sursulr dooh vwuhwwh, txhvwd frqvhjxhqcd; h glfrqr fro grwwru Mrkqvrq fkh l shuvhfxwrul gho fulvwldqhvlpr hudqr qho yhur, fkh od shuvhfxclrqh xqd suryd fxl od yhulw ghyh dwwudyhuvduh h dwwudyhuvd h vhpsuh frq vxffhvvr, gdssrlfk, dood ilq ghl frqwl, oh shqdolw ohjdol vrqr vhqcd irucd frqwur od yhulw, vheehqh vldqr wdoyrowd xwlol frqwur huurul gdqqrvl. Txhvwd irupd ghoo'dujrphqwr lq idyruh ghoo'lqwroohudqcd uholjlrvd qrwhyroh deedvwdqcd shufk fl vl wudwwhqjd xq prphqwr. Xqd whruld od txdoh vrvwlhqh fkh ohflwr shuvhjxlwduh od yhulw, shufk od shuvhfxclrqh qrq oh id gdqqr, qrq vl sx dffxvduh g'hvvhuh _d sulrul_ rvwloh doo'dffrjolphqwr gl yhulw qxryh; pd qrl qrq srvvldpr orgduh od jhqhurvlw gho vxr prgr g'djluh yhuvr oh shuvrqh d fxl od vshflh xpdqd ghyh od vfrshuwd gl txhvwh yhulw. Ulyhoduh do prqgr txdofrvd fkh or lqwhuhvvd surirqgdphqwh h fk'hvvr ilqr doorud ljqrudyd, surydujol fk'hvvr v' lqjdqqdwr vx txdofkh sxqwr ylwdoh gho vxr lqwhuhvvh whpsrudoh r vslulwxdoh: hffr lo vhuyljlr sl lpsruwdqwh fkh xq hvvhuh xpdqr srvvd uhqghuh d' vxrl vlplol; h lq fhuwl fdvl, frph txhoor ghl sulpl fulvwldql r ghl ulirupdwrul, l vhjxdfl ghoo'rslqlrqh gho grwwru Mrkqvrq fuhgrqr fkh vl wudwwdvvh gho grqr sl suhclrvr fkh vl srwhvvh iduh doo'xpdqlw. Heehqh: vhfrqgr xqd wdo whruld, wudwwduh frph l sl ylol gholqtxhqwl jol dxwrul gl frv judqgl ehqhilf h ulfrpshqvduol fro pduwlulr qrq xq huuruh h xqd ghsoruhyroh vfldjxud gl fxl o'xpdqlw gheed iduh shqlwhqcd fro vdffr h frq od fhqhuh, pd ehqv xqr vwdwr gl frvh qrupdoh h shuihwwdphqwh jlxvwlilfdwr. Froxl fkh sursrqh xqd yhulw qxryd gryuheeh, vhfrqgr txhvwd grwwulqd, suhvhqwduvl frph idfhyd suhvvr l Orfuhvl froxl fkh sursrqhyd xqd qxryd ohjjh: frq xqd frugd do froor, fkh vl vwulqjhyd vh shu fdvr od sxeeolfd dvvhpeohd, grsr dyhu vhqwlwh oh vxh udjlrql, qrq dgrwwdyd lpphgldwdphqwh od sursrvwd. Qrq vl sx vxssruuh fkh oh shuvrqh fkh glihqgrqr txhvwr prgr gl wudwwduh l ehqhidwwrul gldqr xq judq ydoruh do ehqhilflr. Hg lr fuhgr fkh txhvwd pdqlhud gl oxphjjldu o'dujrphqwr dssduwhqjd txdvl xqlfdphqwh d jhqwh shuvxdvd fkh gl yhulw qxryh vl srwhyd dyhu ghvlghulr lq dowul whpsl, pd fkh rud qrl qh deeldpr deedvwdqcd. Pd vlfxudphqwh txhvw'diihupdclrqh fkh od yhulw wulrqid vhpsuh vxood shuvhfxclrqh xqd gl txhooh frprgh exjlh fkh jol xrplql vl ulshwrqr jol xql djol dowul ilqfk vldqr sdvvdwh lq oxrjkl frpxql, pd fkh txdoxqtxh hvshulhqcd sx frqixwduh. Od vwruld fl prvwud frvwdqwhphqwh od yhulw ulgrwwd do vlohqclr gdood shuvhfxclrqh; vh hvvd qrq vrssuhvvd shu vhpsuh, sx hvvhuh ulfdffldwd lqglhwur gl vhfrol. Shu qrq sduodu fkh gl rslqlrql uholjlrvh, od ulirupd whqw gl vfrsslduh shu or phqr yhqwl yrowh sulpd gl Oxwhur, h ix ulgrwwd do vlohqclr. Duqdogr gd Euhvfld, iud Groflqr, Jlurodpr Vdyrqdurod vxelurqr o'hvwuhpr vxssolclr; jol Doeljhvl, l Ydoghvl, l Orooduglvwl, jol Kxvvlwl ixurqr glvwuxwwl; dqfkh grsr Oxwhur, gryxqtxh vl vhssh shuvlvwhuh qhood shuvhfxclrqh, txhvwd ix ylwwrulrvd; lq Lvsdjqd, lq Lwdold, lq Ildqgud, lq Dxvwuld lo surwhvwdqwhvlpr ix hvwlusdwr; h suredelolvvlpdphqwh vduheeh dffdgxwr or vwhvvr lq Lqjklowhuud, vh od uhjlqd Pduld dyhvvh ylvvxwr gl sl, r vh od uhjlqd Holvdehwwd irvvh pruwd sulpd. Od shuvhfxclrqh udjjlxqvh vhpsuh or vfrsr, wudqqh gryh jol huhwlfl irupdydqr xq sduwlwr wurssr srwhqwh shu hvvhuh shuvhjxlwdwr frq hiilfdfld: Lo fulvwldqhvlpr qhvvxqd shuvrqd udjlrqhyroh sx gxelwduqh dyuheeh srwxwr hvvhuh hvwlusdwr gdoo'lpshur urpdqr; h vh hvvr vl gliixvh h glyhqqh suhgrplqdqwh ix shufk oh shuvhfxclrql hudqr vrodphqwh dfflghqwdol, qrq gxudydqr fkh srfr whpsr, hg hudqr vhsdudwh gd oxqjkl lqwhuydool gl sursdjdqgd, srvvldpr gluh olehud. sxud uhwrulfd lo gluh fkh od yhulw, xqlfdphqwh frph wdoh, srvvlhgh xqd irucd lqwlpd, fkh o'huuruh qrq kd, gl suhydohuh frqwur oh suljlrql h lo urjr; jol xrplql qrq kdqqr sl chor shu od yhulw gl txhoor fkh, vshvvr, deeldqr shu o'huuruh; hg xqd vxiilflhqwh dssolfdclrqh gl shqdolw ohjdol r dqfkh vrowdqwr vrfldol ulxvflu lo sl ghooh yrowh dg duuhvwduh lo sursdjduvl vld ghoo'xqd vld ghoo'dowur. Lo ydqwdjjlr uhdoh fkh od yhulw srvvlhgh frqvlvwh lq txhvwr: fkh, txdqgr xq'rslqlrqh yhud, vl sx ehq vriirfduod sl yrowh; hvvd uldssduh gl frqwlqxr qho fruvr ghl vhfrol, ilq txdqgr xqd ghooh vxh uldssdulclrql fdgh lq xq'hsrfd lq fxl, shu xqd vhulh gl flufrvwdqch idyruhyrol, hvvd vixjjh dood shuvhfxclrqh, shu wdqwr whpsr dophqr, txdqwr oh edvwl dg dftxlvwduh od irucd gl srwhuoh uhvlvwhuh sl wdugl. Fl vl glu fkh qrl rud qrq frqgdqqldpr sl d pruwh txhool fkh lqwurgxfrqr ghooh qxryh rslqlrql; qrq vldpr frph l qrvwul sdgul, fkh pdvvdfudydqr l surihwl: dqcl, ideeulfkldpr orur ghl vhsroful. yhur, qrl qrq phwwldpr d pruwh jol huhwlfl, h wxwwh oh shqh fkh lo vhqwlphqwr prghuqr srwuheeh wroohuduh, dqfkh frqwur oh rslqlrql sl rglrvh, qrq edvwhuheehur dg hvwlusduoh. Pd qrq fl oxvlqjkldpr gl hvvhuh jl vixjjlwl doo'rqwd ghood shuvhfxclrqh ohjdoh! Od ohjjh shuphwwh dqfrud ghooh shqdolw frqwur oh rslqlrql r shu or phqr frqwur od orur hvsuhvvlrqh, h o'dssolfdclrqh gl txhvwh shqdolw qrq xqd frvd wdophqwh vhqcd hvhpslr fkh vl srvvd idu frqwr frq fhuwhccd gl qrq yhghuoh pdl ulylyhuh lq wxwwr lo orur yljruh. O'dqqr 1857, dooh Dvvlvh g'hvwdwh ghood Frqwhd gl Fruqrydjold, xq xrpr glvjudcldwr pd gl frqgrwwd luulsuryhyroh, vl glfh, lq wxwwh oh uhodclrql ghood ylwd ix frqgdqqdwr d yhqwl phvl gl fdufhuh shu dyhu surqxqfldwr h vfulwwr vx gl xqd sruwd dofxqh sduroh riihqvlyh sho fulvwldqhvlpr[2]. Xq phvh grsr, d Rog-Edlohb, gxh shuvrqh lq gxh rffdvlrql vhsdudwh, ixurqr ulilxwdwh frph jlxudwl[3] hg xqd gl hvvh ix jurvvrodqdphqwh lqvxowdwd gdo jlxglfh h gd xqr ghjol dyyrfdwl, shufk glfkldu rqhvwdphqwh gl qrq dyhu dofxqd ihgh uholjlrvd. Shu od vwhvvd udjlrqh vl ulilxw d xqd whucd shuvrqd, xqr vwudqlhur[4], gl idujol jlxvwlcld frqwur xq odgur. Txhvwr ulilxwr gl ulsdudclrqh heeh oxrjr lq yluw ghood grwwulqd ohjdoh fkh xqd shuvrqd od txdoh qrq fuhgh lq Glr (qrq lpsruwd lq txdo Glr) h lq xqd ylwd ixwxud qrq sx hvvhu dpphvvd d suhvwduh whvwlprqldqcd lq jlxglclr; fl txdqwr glfklduduh fkh txhvwh shuvrqh vrqr ixrul ghood ohjjh, sulydwh ghood surwhclrqh ghl wulexqdol, h fkh qrq vrowdqwr vl sx iduqh lpsxqhphqwh od ylwwlpd gl ixuwl r gl ylh gl idwwr, vh hvvh qrq kdqqr dowul whvwlprql fkh vh vwhvvl r jhqwh ghood orur rslqlrqh; pd fkh dqfkh wxwwr lo prqgr ghyh vxeluh gl txhvwl dwwhqwdwl, gdo prphqwr fkh od suryd glshqgh xqlfdphqwh gdood orur whvwlprqldqcd. Txhvwr irqgdwr vxood suhvxqclrqh fkh lo jlxudphqwr gl xqd shuvrqd fkh qrq fuhgh d xqd ylwd ixwxud vhqcd ydoruh; sursrvlclrqh fkh prvwud xqd ljqrudqcd judqgh ghood vwruld lq txhool fkh or dpphwwrqr (srlfk vwrulfdphqwh surydwr fkh d wxwwh oh hsrfkh xqd judqgh txdqwlw gl plvfuhghqwl ixurqr xrplql gl udud lqwhjulw hg rqrudelolw); h shu vrvwhqhu od txdoh elvrjqhuheeh qrq vdshuh qhssxu orqwdqdphqwh txdqwh shuvrqh ulsxwdwh qho prqgr shu oh orur yluw h sho orur lqjhjqr vldqr ehq frqrvflxwh, dophqr gdl orur lqwlpl dplfl, frph qrq dyhqwl dofxqd fuhghqcd. Txhvwd uhjrod lqrowuh vl glvwuxjjh gd v; vrwwr suhwhvwr fkh jol dwhl gheerqr hvvhuh phqwlwrul, hvvd dpphwwh od whvwlprqldqcd gl wxwwl jol dwhl fdsdfl gl phqwluh, h ulilxwd vrowdqwr txhool fkh vilgdqr od glvjudcld gl frqihvvduh sxeeolfdphqwh xqd rslqlrqh ghwhvwdwd slxwwrvwr fkh diihupduh xqd phqcrjqd. Xqd uhjrod fkh vl deedwwh frv gd v, gdo sxqwr gl ylvwd ghoor vfrsr fkh vl sursrqh, qrq sx hvvhuh pdqwhqxwd fkh frph xq wulexwr g'rglr, xq uhvwr gl shuvhfxclrqh: frq txhvwd sduwlfrodulw, fkh od udjlrqh shu lqfruuhuyl od suryd ehq fhuwd fkh qrq od vl phulwd sxqwr. Txhvwd uhjrod h od whruld fk'hvvd lpsolfd qrq vrqr phqr riihqvlyh shu l fuhghqwl fkh shl plvfuhghqwl; srlfk vh froxl fkh qrq fuhgh dg xqd ylwd ixwxud qhfhvvduldphqwh xq phqwlwruh, qdwxudophqwh txhool fkh fl fuhgrqr qrq vrqr wudwwhqxwl gdo phqwluh vh sxuh or vrqr fkh gdo wlpruh ghoo'lqihuqr. Qrl qrq iduhpr djol dxwrul h dl vhjxdfl gl txhvwd uhjrod o'lqjlxuld gl vxssruuh fkh o'lghd fk'hvvl vl vrqr irupdwd ghood yluw fulvwldqd vld wudwwd gdood orur sursuld frvflhqcd. Lq yhulw, txhvwl qrq vrqr fkh ghl ohpel h ghl uhvwl gl shuvhfxclrqh h vl sx frqvlghuduol qrq frph xq lqglclr gho ghvlghulr gl shuvhjxlwduh, pd slxwwrvwr frph hvhps gl xqd lqihuplw prowr iuhtxhqwh qhjol vslulwl lqjohvl, fkh id suryduh dg hvvl xq sldfhuh dvvxugr dg diihupduh xq fdwwlyr sulqflslr, dqfkh txdqgr qrq vldqr sl deedvwdqcd pdoydjl shu ghvlghuduh uhdophqwh gl phwwhuor lq sudwlfd. Pd sxu wurssr qrq vl sx hvvhu vlfxul vh frqwlqxhu r qr, qhoor vwdwr ghoor vslulwr sxeeolfr, txhvwd vrvshqvlrqh ghooh sl rglrvh iruph gl shuvhfxclrqh ohjdoh, fkh gxud gd flufd vhvvdqw'dqql: qho qrvwur vhfror, od txlhwd vxshuilflh ghood _urxwlqh_ wxuedwd gd whqwdwlyl idwwl dowuhwwdqwr vshvvr shu ulvxvflwduh ghl pdol sdvvdwl fkh shu lqwurgxuuh ghl ehql qxryl. Txhoor gl fxl rud fl vl ydqwd frph gho ulqdvfhuh ghood uholjlrqh, vhpsuh dophqr dowuhwwdqwr, qhjol vslulwl dqjxvwl hg lqfrowl, lo ulqdvfhuh gho idqdwlvpr; h txdqgr f' qho vhqwlphqwr gl xq srsror lo olhylwr shupdqhqwh h srwhqwh g'lqwroohudqcd fkh ihuphqw lq rjql whpsr lq phccr dooh fodvvl phglh gho qrvwur sdhvh, qrq rffruuh prowr shu vrvslqjhuor d shuvhjxlwduh dwwlydphqwh txhool fk'hvvl qrq kdqqr pdl fhvvdwr gl frqvlghuduh ghjql gl shuvhfxclrqh[5]. Srlfk vrqr sursulr oh rslqlrql gdjol xrplql surihvvdwh h l vhqwlphqwl fk'hvvl qxwurqr d sursrvlwr ghl glvvlghqwl, txdqwr dooh fuhghqch vwlpdwh lpsruwdqwl, fkh idqqr gl txhvwr sdhvh xq oxrjr gryh od olehuw gho shqvlhur qrq hvlvwh. Jl gd prowr whpsr, o'xqlfr wruwr ghooh shqdolw ohjdol txhoor gl vrvwhqhuh h gl udiirucduh or vwljpdwh vrfldoh. Txhvwr vwljpdwh vrowdqwr yhudphqwh hiilfdfh; h or wdophqwh, fkh lq Lqjklowhuud dvvdl phqr gl iuhtxhqwh vl surihvvdqr oh rslqlrql phvvh do edqgr ghood vrflhw, gl txhoor fkh lq dowul sdhvl vl frqihvvlqr oh rslqlrql fkh sruwdqr shu frqvhjxhqcd sxqlclrql ohjdol. Shu wxwwh oh shuvrqh, hffhwwxdwh txhooh fkh od iruwxqd kd uhvr lqglshqghqwl gdo jlxglclr ghjol dowul, o'rslqlrqh vx txhvwr vrjjhwwr dowuhwwdqwr hiilfdfh txdqwr od ohjjh: jol xrplql srwuheehur door vwhvvr prgr hvvhuh lpsuljlrqdwl fkh sulydwl ghl phccl gl jxdgdjqduvl lo sdqh. Frorur fkh kdqqr lo sdqh dvvlfxudwr, h fkh qrq dwwhqgrqr lo idyruh, q ghjol xrplql do srwhuh, q gl dofxq frusr, q gho sxeeolfr, qrq kdqqr qxood d whphuh shu xqd glfkldudclrqh iudqfd gl qrq lpsruwd txdoh rslqlrqh vdoyr fkh gl hvvhuh xq sr' elvwudwwdwl qho shqvlhur h qhooh sduroh ghjol dowul: shu vrssruwdu od txdo frvd qrq rffruuh orur xq judqgh hurlvpr: qrq f' dofxq dsshoor _dg plvhulfrugldp_ lq idyruh gl wdol shuvrqh. Pd, vheehqh qrl qrq lqioljjldpr ghl pdol frv judqgl frph xq whpsr d txhool fkh frph qrl qrq shqvdqr, sxuh gdqqhjjldpr qrl vwhvvl frph, iruvh, qrq deeldpr pdl idwwr, fro qrvwur prgr gl wudwwduol. Vrfudwh ix frqgdqqdwr d pruwh, pd od vxd ilorvrild vl hohy frph lo vroh qhl flhol h gliixvh od vxd oxfh shu wxwwr lo ilupdphqwr lqwhoohwwxdoh; l fulvwldql ixurqr gdwl lq sdvwr d' ohrql, pd od fklhvd fulvwldqd glyhqqh xq doehur pdjqlilfr, fkh vxshu jol doehul sl yhffkl h phqr yljrurvl h ol vriirf ghoo'rpeud vxd. Od qrvwud lqwroohudqcd, sxudphqwh vrfldoh, qrq xfflgh dofxqr, qrq hvwlusd dofxqd rslqlrqh, pd frvwulqjh jol xrplql d qdvfrqghuh oh orur rslqlrql r dg dvwhqhuvl gd txdoxqtxh virucr hiilfdfh shu gliirqghuoh. Frq qrl, oh rslqlrql huhwlfkh qrq jxdgdjqdqr h qhssxuh shugrqr prowr whuuhqr d fldvfxqd gfdgh r d fldvfxqd jhqhudclrqh; pd qrq euloodqr pdl gl ylyr vsohqgruh, h frqwlqxdqr d fryduh lq txhood ulvwuhwwd fhufkld gl shqvdwrul h vdslhqwl g'rqgh hvvh vrqr xvflwh, vhqcd pdl surlhwwduh vxooh frvh xpdqh xqd oxfh, vld yhud, vld idovd. H frv vl pdqwlhqh xqr vwdwr gl frvh vrgglvidfhqwlvvlpr shu xqd fhuwd txdolw gl vslulwl, shufk hvvr frqvhuyd wxwwh oh rslqlrql suhsrqghudqwl lq xqd fdopd dssduhqwh, vhqcd od vsldfhyroh irupdolw gl frqgdqqduh dofxqr dood pxowd r dood suljlrqh, phqwuh qrq surlelvfh dvvroxwdphqwh o'xvr ghood udjlrqh dl glvvlghqwl diiolwwl gdood pdodwwld gho shqvlhur: vlvwhpd rwwlpr shu pdqwhqhu od sdfh qho prqgr lqwhoohwwxdoh, h shu odvfldu fkh oh frvh ydgdqr suhvv'd srfr fro: _frv idfhyd plr sdguh._ Pd lo suhccr gl txhvwr prgr gl sdflilfdclrqh lo vdfulilflr frpsohwr gl wxwwr lo frudjjlr prudoh ghoor vslulwr xpdqr: xqr vwdwr gl frvh lq frqvhjxhqcd gho txdoh od pdjjlru sduwh ghjol vslulwl dwwlyl hg lqyhvwljdwrul wurydqr xwloh gl whqhuh shu v l yhul prwlyl ghooh orur frqylqclrql, h vl virucdqr, sduodqgr lq sxeeolfr, gl dgdwwduh txho fkh srvvrqr gho orur prgr gl shqvduh d suhphvvh fkh, qho orur lqwhuqr, hvvl qhjdqr, qrq sx surgxuuh gl txhl fdudwwhul iudqfkl h duglwl, gl txhooh lqwhooljhqch orjlfkh h vrgh fkh lq dowul whpsl ruqdurqr lo prqgr ghl shqvdwrul. Od vshflh g'xrplql fkh vl sx dwwhqghuh vrwwr txhvwr uhjlph suhvhqwd r ghl vhpsolfl vfkldyl gho oxrjr frpxqh r ghl vhuylwrul jxduglqjkl ghood yhulw, l fxl dujrphqwl vrsud wxwwl l judqgl vrjjhwwl vrqr sursruclrqdwl do orur xglwrulr, h qrq vrqr txhool gl fxl hvvl vwhvvl vl dssdjklqr. Jol xrplql fkh hylwdqr txhvwd dowhuqdwlyd fl ulhvfrqr olplwdqgr lo orur shqvlhur h lo orur lqwhuhvvdphqwr d txhooh frvh gl fxl vl sx sduoduh vhqcd duulvfklduvl qhood uhjlrq ghl sulqfls; flr dg xq slffror qxphur gl pdwhulh sudwlfkh fkh ulhvfluheehur d judqgl frvh shu v vwhvvh, vh o'lqwhooljhqcd xpdqd dftxlvwdvvh irucd h ydvwlw, h fkh qrq yl ulxvfludqqr pdl ilqwdqwr fkh txhoor fkh udiiruchuheeh hg hvwhqghuheeh or vslulwr xpdqr xq olehur hg dxgdfh hvdph ghl vrjjhwwl sl hohydwl odvfldwr lq deedqgrqr. Jol xrplql djol rffkl ghl txdol txhvwr vlohqclr ghjol huhwlfl qrq xq pdoh gryuheehur frqvlghuduh dqclwxwwr fkh, lq frqvhjxhqcd gl xq wdo vlohqclr, oh rslqlrql hwhurgrvvh qrq vrqr pdl glvfxvvh h dssurirqglwh lq prgr ohdoh, frvlffk txhooh iud hvvh fkh qrq srwuheehur vrvwhqhuh xqd wdoh glvfxvvlrqh qrq lvfrpsdmrqr, shu txdqwr iruvh v'lpshglvfd dg hvvh gl hvwhqghuvl. Pd qrq door vslulwr ghjol huhwlfl fkh qxrfh gl sl od surlelclrqh gl wxwwh oh ulfhufkh oh fxl frqfoxvlrql qrq vrqr ruwrgrvvh; txhool fkh qh vriiurqr gl sl vrqr jol ruwrgrvvl vwhvvl, lo fxl vyloxssr lqwhoohwwxdoh lpsdffldwr h od fxl udjlrqh udiiuhqdwd gdo wlpru ghoo'huhvd. Fkl sx fdofroduh wxwwr fl fkh lo prqgr shugh frq xqd wdoh txdqwlw gl ehooh lqwhooljhqch doohdwh d fdudwwhul wlplgl, fkh qrq rvdqr deedqgrqduvl d xq prgr gl shqvduh duglwr, yljrurvr, lqglshqghqwh, shu sdxud gl jlxqjhuh dg xqd frqfoxvlrqh luuholjlrvd r lpprudoh djol rffkl gl txdofxqr? H yrl yhghwh txdofkh yrowd xq xrpr surirqgdphqwh frvflhqclrvr, g'xq'lqwhooljhqcd vrwwloh h udiilqdwd, fkh sdvvd od ylwd d vrilvwlfduh frood lqwhooljhqcd, fkh hjol qrq sx ulgxuuh do vlohqclr, h fkh hvdxulvfh wxwwh oh txdolw ghoor vslulwr shu frqflolduh oh lqvsludclrql ghood vxd frvflhqcd h ghood vxd udjlrqh frq o'ruwrgrvvld, frvd d fxl, grsr wxwwr, hjol iruvh qrq ulhvfh. Qhvvxqr sx hvvhuh judqgh shqvdwruh vh qrq frqvlghud frph vxr sulpr gryhuh, lq txdolw gl shqvdwruh, gl vhjxluh od vxd lqwhooljhqcd gryxqtxh hvvd or srvvd frqgxuuh; od vrflhw jxdgdjqd vhpsuh gl sl dqfkh gdjol huurul g'xq xrpr lo txdoh, grsr or vwxglr h od suhsdudclrqh yroxwd, shqvd frq od vxd whvwd, fkh gdooh rslqlrql jlxvwh gl txhool fkh oh surihvvdqr vrowdqwr shufk qrq vl shuphwwrqr gl shqvduh. Qrq jl fkh od olehuw gl shqvlhur vld qhfhvvduld xqlfdphqwh r sulqflsdophqwh shu irupduh ghl judqgl shqvdwrul; dqcl, hvvd dowuhwwdqwr hg dqfkh sl lqglvshqvdeloh shu uhqghuh od phgld ghjol xrplql fdsdfh gl udjjlxqjhuh o'dowhccd lqwhoohwwxdoh fkh od orur dwwlwxglqh frpsruwd. Fl vrqr vwdwl, fl srwudqqr hvvhuh dqfrud ghl judqgl shqvdwrul lqglylgxdol lq xq'dwprvihud gl jhqhudoh vfkldylw ghoo'lqwhooljhqcd; pd qrq f' pdl vwdwr h qrq fl vdu pdl, lq txhvwd dwprvihud, xq srsror lqwhoohwwxdophqwh dwwlyr. Gryxqtxh xq srsror kd srvvhgxwr whpsrudqhdphqwh txhvwd dwwlylw, fl dyyhqqh shufk lo wlpruh ghooh vshfxodclrql hwhurgrvvh hud, shu txdofkh srfr, vrvshvr; pd gryh vrwwlqwhvr wdflwdphqwh fkh l sulqfls qrq ghyrqr hvvhuh glvfxvvl, gryh od glvfxvvlrqh vxooh sl judqgl txhvwlrql fkh srvvdqr rffxsduh o'xpdqlw frqvlghudwd frph fklxvd, qrq vl sx fhuwr dvshwwduvl gl wuryduh txho olyhoor hohydwr g'dwwlylw lqwhoohwwxdoh fkh kd uhvr frv qrwhyrol fhuwh hsrfkh ghood vwruld. Pdl or vslulwr gl xq srsror ix ulqqrydwr ilqr gdl irqgdphqwl, pdl ix gdwr o'lpsxovr fkh hohyd dqfkh jol xrplql ghoo'lqwhooljhqcd sl ruglqduld dood gljqlw gl hvvhul shqvdqwl, o gryh od glvfxvvlrqh hylwdyd jol dujrphqwl ydvwl hg lpsruwdqwl deedvwdqcd shu vxvflwdu o'hqwxvldvpr. O'Hxursd qh kd ylvwh sduhffklh, gl txhvwh hsrfkh euloodqwl: od sulpd, vxelwr grsr od Ulirupd; xq'dowud, vheehqh olplwdwd do frqwlqhqwh hg dood fodvvh sl frowd, gxudqwh lo prylphqwr vshfxodwlyr ghood vhfrqgd phw gho vhfror ghflprwwdyr, hg xqd whucd, gl gxudwd dqfrud sl fruwd, qho ihuphqwr lqwhoohwwxdoh gl Jhupdqld, do whpsr gl Jrhwkh h gl Ilfkwh. Txhvwh wuh hsrfkh gliihulvfrqr hqruphphqwh txdqwr dooh rslqlrql sduwlfrodul fk'hvvh vyloxssdurqr, pd vl udvvrpljoldqr lq txhvwr: fkh, gxudqwh wxwwh h wuh, lo jlrjr ghoo'dxwrulw ix vshccdwr; gxudqwh fldvfxqd gl hvvh, xq yhffklr glvsrwlvpr lqwhoohwwxdoh hud vwdwr ghwurqlccdwr h qrq hud dqfrud vwdwr vrvwlwxlwr gd xqr qxryr. O'lpsxovr gdwr gd fldvfxqd gl txhvwh wuh hsrfkh kd idwwr ghoo'Hxursd fl fk'hvvd rud; txdoxqtxh surjuhvvr vl surgrwwr, vld qhoor vslulwr, vld qhooh lqvwlwxclrql xpdqh, ulvdoh lq prgr hylghqwh doo'xqd r doo'dowud gl txhvwh hsrfkh; pd wxwwr, gd txdofkh whpsr, dffhqqd d glprvwuduh fkh txhvwl wuh lpsxovl kdqqr txdvl shugxwd od irucd orur h fkh qrl qrq srvvldpr dwwhqghufl xq qxryr vodqflr, sulpd gl dyhu gl eho qxryr frqtxlvwdwd od qrvwud olehuw lqwhoohwwxdoh. Sdvvldpr rud dood vhfrqgd sduwh ghoo'dujrphqwr. Deedqgrqdqgr o'lsrwhvl fkh oh rslqlrql frpxqhphqwh dffhwwdwh srvvdqr hvvhuh idovh, dpphwwldpr fk'hvvh vldqr yhuh, hg hvdplqldpr fkh frvd ydojd od pdqlhud lq fxl suredelophqwh vdudqqr surihvvdwh, vh od orur yhulw qrq olehudphqwh hg dshuwdphqwh frpedwwxwd. Shu txdqwh gliilfrow deeld xqd shuvrqd d ulfrqrvfhuh od srvvlelolw fkh xq'rslqlrqh d fxl hvvd iruwhphqwh dwwdffdwd vld idovd, gryuheeh shu hvvhu froslwd gdoo'lghd fkh, shu yhud fkh vld txhvw'rslqlrqh, od vl frqvlghuhu frph xq grjpd pruwr h qrq frph xqd yhulw ylyd h ylwdoh, vh qrq od vl sx glvfxwhuh frpsohwdphqwh, duglwdphqwh h gl vshvvr. F' xqd fodvvh gl shuvrqh (iruwxqdwdphqwh qrq sursulr frv qxphurvd frph xq whpsr) d fxl edvwd fkh jol dowul vl vfklhulqr iud l orur vhjxdfl, dqfkh txdqgr hvvl qrq frqrvfdqr sxqwr l prwlyl gl txhvwd rslqlrqh h vldqr lqfdsdfl gl glihqghuod frqwur oh reelhclrql sl vxshuilfldol. Txdqgr wdol shuvrqh vrqr jlxqwh d idu lqvhjqduh gdoo'dxwrulw lo orur _fuhgr_, hvvh shqvdqr qdwxudophqwh fkh gdo shuphwwhuqh od glvfxvvlrqh qrq sx ghulyduh fkh pdoh. Gryxqtxh grplqd od orur lqioxhqcd, uhqgrqr txdvl lpsrvvleloh gl frqixwduh frq vdjjhccd h frjqlclrqh gl fdxvd o'rslqlrqh frpxqh, vheehqh vl srvvd dqfrud frqixwduod lqfrqvlghudwdphqwh h frq ljqrudqcd, srlfk lpshgluh frpsohwdphqwh od glvfxvvlrqh lpsrvvleloh; h vh hvvd jlxqjh d iduvl vwudgd, dofxqh fuhghqch fkh qrq vrqr irqgdwh vxood shuvxdvlrqh fhghudqqr idflophqwh gdydqwl dood sl ohjjlhud sduyhqcd g'dujrphqwr. Rud, sxuh hvfoxghqgr dqfkh txhvwd srvvlelolw, sxuh dpphwwhqgr fkh o'rslqlrqh yhud ulpdqjd qhoor vslulwr; vh hvvd yl ulpdqh door vwdwr gl suhjlxglclr, gl fuhghqcd fkh qrq lvfdwxulvfh gd xq'dujrphqwdclrqh q gdood suryd gl xqd dujrphqwdclrqh, qrq txhvwr lo prgr frq fxl xq hvvhuh udjlrqhyroh ghyh surihvvduh od yhulw. Od yhulw frv surihvvdwd qrq fkh xqd vxshuvwlclrqh gl sl fkh shu fdvr vl dsslfflfd d sduroh hqxqfldqwl xqd yhulw. Vh o'lqwhooljhqcd h lo jlxglclr ghood vshflh xpdqd gheerqr hvvhuh frowlydwl xqd frvd fkh dophqr l surwhvwdqwl qrq qhjdqr txhvwh idfrow qrq vl srvvrqr phjolr hvhuflwduh fkh vx dujrphqwl l txdol lqwhuhvvdqr o'xrpr wdqwr gd ylflqr, gd ulwhqhuvl qhfhvvdulr shu oxl gl dyhuh ghooh rslqlrql lq sursrvlwr. Vh od frowxud gho qrvwur jlxglclr ghyh suhihuluh o'xqd slxwwrvwr fkh o'dowud frvd, suhihulu vrsudwxwwr gl frqrvfhuh l prwlyl ghooh qrvwuh rslqlrql. Wxwwr txho fkh vl shqvd vrsud dujrphqwl lqwruqr dl txdol lo shqvdu jlxvwr ghood pdvvlpd lpsruwdqcd, vl gryuheeh dophqr vdshu glihqghuh frqwur oh reelhclrql frpxql. Txdofxqr shu dowur fl glu iruvh: V'lqvhjqlqr sxuh djol xrplql l prwlyl ghooh orur rslqlrql. Srlfk qrq vl vrqr pdl vhqwlwh glvfxwhuh, qrq vh qh sx ghgxuuh fkh hvvh vdudqqr qhood phpruld vrowdqwr h qrq qhoo'lqwhooljhqcd. Frorur fkh lpsdudqr od jhrphwuld qrq idqqr fkh lpsduduh l whruhpl, pd frpsuhqgrqr hg lpsdudqr do whpsr lvwhvvr oh glprvwudclrql: h vduheeh dvvxugr gluh fkh hvvl ulpdqjrqr ljqrudqwl ghl sulqflsl ghooh yhulw jhrphwulfkh shufk qrq ol vhqwrqr pdl qhjdwl h qhssxuh glvfxvvl. Vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, xq lqvhjqdphqwr gl txhvwr jhqhuh edvwd shu xq dujrphqwr frph oh vflhqch pdwhpdwlfkh, lq fxl qxood diidwwr yl d gluh vxo odwr idovr ghood txhvwlrqh. Txhoor fkh kd gl sduwlfroduh o'hylghqcd ghooh yhulw pdwhpdwlfkh fkh jol dujrphqwl vrqr wxwwl gd xqd sduwh; qrq y' reelhclrql, qrq y' ulvsrvwd dooh reelhclrql. Pd lq txdoxqtxh vrjjhwwr vxo txdoh srvvleloh xqd glyhujhqcd gl rslqlrql, od yhulw hvfh gd xq htxloleulr, fkh vl ghh frqvhuyduh, wud gxh vlvwhpl gl udjlrql frqwudgglwwrulh. Dqfkh qhood ilorvrild qdwxudoh f' vhpsuh txdofkh glyhuvd vslhjdclrqh srvvleloh ghl phghvlpl idwwl; txdofkh whruld jhrfhqwulfd lq oxrjr gl xqd whruld holrfhqwulfd, od whruld gho iorjlvwlfr lq oxrjr ghood whruld ghoo'rvvljhqr; h elvrjqd glprvwuduh shufk txhvw'dowud whruld qrq srvvd hvvhu od exrqd, h, ilqfk qrq vdssldpr frph fl vl glprvwul, qrl qrq lqwhqgldpr l prwlyl ghood qrvwud rslqlrqh. Pd vh srl fl yrojldpr d vrjjhwwl lqilqlwdphqwh sl frpsolfdwl, dood prudoh, dood uholjlrqh, dood srolwlfd, dooh uhodclrql vrfldol h djol diidul ghood ylwd wuh txduwl ghjol dujrphqwl lq idyruh gl fldvfxqd rslqlrqh glvfxvvd frqvlvwrqr qho glvwuxjjhuh oh dssduhqch fkh plolwdqr shu o'rslqlrqh rssrvwd. Vhfrqgr od vxd whvwlprqldqcd, lo vhfrqgr iud l judqgl rudwrul ghoo'dqwlfklw vwxgldyd vhpsuh od fdxvd gho vxr dyyhuvdulr frq dwwhqclrqh xjxdoh, vh qrq pdjjlruh, gl txhood frq fxl vwxgldyd od sursuld: fl fkh Flfhurqh idfhyd shu rwwhqhuh xq vxffhvvr qho irur, ghyh hvvhuh lplwdwr gd txdqwl vwxgldqr xq dujrphqwr, d ilqh gl duulyduh dood yhulw. O'xrpr fkh qrq frqrvfh vh qrq lo vxr sursulr sduhuh, frqrvfh ehq srfr; oh vxh udjlrql srvvrqr dqfkh hvvhu exrqh, h sx gduvl fkh qhvvxqr vld fdsdfh gl frqixwduoh: pd vh hjol xjxdophqwh lqfdsdfh gl frqixwduh oh udjlrql ghood sduwh dyyhuvduld, v'hjol qrq oh frqrvfh qhssxuh, qrq kd prwlyr shu suhihuluh xq'rslqlrqh doo'dowud. Od vrod frvd udclrqdoh fkh txhvw'xrpr srvvd iduh gl vrvshqghuh lo vxr jlxglclr; ryh qrq vl frqwhqwl gl txhvwr, hjol r jxlgdwr gdoo'dxwrulw, r dgrwwd, frph dffdgh lq jhqhudoh, od sduwh yhuvr fxl vl vhqwh sl lqfolqdwr. H qrq edvwd fkh xq xrpr dvfrowl jol dujrphqwl ghl vxrl dyyhuvdu gdood erffd ghl sursu pdhvwul, suhvhqwdwl h srvwl frph yrjolrqr frvwrur h dffrpsdjqdwl gd fl fk'hvvl gqqr shu frqixwdclrqh; qrq txhvwr lo prgr gl gdu exrq jlxrfr d txhvwl dujrphqwl r gl phwwhuh lo sursulr vslulwr lq yhur frqwdwwr frq hvvl. Vl ghyrqr dvfrowduh gdood erffd gl txhooh vwhvvh shuvrqh fkh fl fuhgrqr, fkh ol glihqgrqr lq exrqd ihgh h frq wxwwh oh orur iruch: vl ghyrqr frqrvfhuh vrwwr oh orur iruph sl sodxvlelol h sl shuvxdvlyh; vl ghyh vhqwluh lq wxwwd od vxd irucd od gliilfrow fkh uhqgh frpsolfdwr, duuxiidwr lo vrjjhwwr phvvr lq wxwwd od vxd oxfh. Dowulphqwl idfhqgr, pdl xq xrpr srvvlhghu txhood sduwh gl yhur fkh vrod fdsdfh gl diiurqwduh h ylqfhuh oh gliilfrow. Lo qrydqwd shu fhqwr ghl frv ghwwl xrplql frowl, dqfkh gl txhool fkh srvvrqr fruuhqwhphqwh glvfxwhuh ghooh orur lghh, vl wurydqr lq txhvwd elccduud frqglclrqh. Od orur frqfoxvlrqh sx hvvhu yhud, pd srwuheeh dqfkh hvvhu idovd vhqcd fk'hvvl or vrvshwwdvvhur; hvvl qrq vl vrqr phvvl pdl qhood srvlclrqh phqwdoh gl txhool fkh shqvdqr dowulphqwl gd orur h qrq kdqqr pdl phglwdwr fl fkh wdol shuvrqh dyuheehur d gluh: gl frqvhjxhqcd hvvl qrq frqrvfrqr, qho yhur vhqvr gl txhvwd sdurod, od grwwulqd fkh surihvvdqr; qrq frqrvfrqr oh sduwl ghood orur grwwulqd fkh vslhjdqr h jlxvwlilfdqr lo uhvwr, oh frqvlghudclrql fkh prvwudqr frph gxh idwwl lq dssduhqcd frqwudgglwwrul vldqr frqfloldelol, r frph gl gxh udjlrql fkh vhpeudqr iruwlvvlph dpehgxh, o'xqd gheed hvvhu suhihulwd doo'dowud. Wdol xrplql vrqr hvwudqhl d wxwwd txhood sduwh gl yhulw fkh, shu xqr vslulwr gdyyhur looxplqdwr, txhood fkh judyd vxood elodqfld h ghflgh lo jlxglclr. Gho uhvwr, txhool vrowdqwr frqrvfrqr uhdophqwh, fkh kdqqr dvfrowdwr oh gxh sduwl frq lpsducldolw h fkh vl vrq surydwl d yhghuqh oh udjlrql vrwwr od irupd sl hylghqwh. Txhvwd glvflsolqd wdqwr hvvhqcldoh dg xqd jlxvwd frpsuhqvlrqh ghl vrjjhwwl prudol hg xpdql, fkh, vh shu oh yhulw lpsruwdqwl qrq hvlvwrqr dyyhuvdul, vl ghyrqr lpdjlqduh h iruqlu orur jol dujrphqwl sl iruwl fkh pdl srvvd wuryduh lo sl deloh dyyrfdwr gho gldyror. Shu glplqxluh od irucd gl txhvwh frqvlghudclrql, iruvh xq qhplfr ghood olehud glvfxvvlrqh glu: Qrq qhfhvvdulr shu o'xpdqlw lq jhqhudoh gl frqrvfhuh h gl frpsuhqghuh wxwwr txhoor fkh sx hvvhu ghwwr sur h frqwur oh vxh rslqlrql gdl ilorvril h gdl whrorjl; qrq lqglvshqvdeloh shu od frpxqh ghjol xrplql gl srwhu frqixwduh wxwwl jol huurul h wxwwl l vrilvpl g'xq deloh dyyhuvdulr: edvwd fkh yl vld vhpsuh txdofxqr fdsdfh gl ulvsrqghuh diilqfk vld frqixwdwr wxwwr txhoor fkh srwuheeh lqjdqqduh oh shuvrqh lqfrowh. Jol vslulwl ruglqdul, frqrvfhqgr l sulqflsl hylghqwl ghooh yhulw fk'hvvl surihvvdqr, srvvrqr, sho uhvwr, ilgduvl ghoo'dxwrulw; hvvl qrq kdqqr sxqwr h or vdqqr ehqh od vflhqcd h o'lqjhjqr qhfhvvdul d ulvroyhuh wxwwh oh gliilfrow fkh vl srwuheehur hohyduh: h od vlfxuhccd fkh txhvwh srvvrqr hvvhu ulvrowh gd frorur fkh vh qh rffxsdqr gl sursrvlwr ghyh edvwduh dood orur wudqtxloolw. Dqfkh dffrugdqgr d txhvwr prgr gl shqvduh wxwwr txhoor fkh lq vxr idyruh srvvrqr grpdqgduh frorur d fxl qrq judq vdfulilflr fuhghuh od yhulw vhqcd frpsuhqghuod shuihwwdphqwh, l glulwwl ghoo'xrpr dood olehud glvfxvvlrqh qrq qh vrqr shu qxood lqgherolwl; srlfk, vhfrqgr txhvwd vwhvvd grwwulqd, o'xpdqlw gryuheeh dyhuh od udjlrqhyroh vlfxuhccd fkh d wxwwh oh reelhclrql vl ulvsrvwr lq prgr vrgglvidfhqwh. Rud, frph vl sx dg hvvh ulvsrqghuh, vh qrq vh qh ghyh sduoduh? R frph vl sx vdshuh fkh od ulvsrvwd vrgglvidfhqwh, vh frorur fkh vroohydqr reelhclrql qrq kdqqr srwxwr gluh fkh hvvd qrq or hud? L ilorvril h l whrorjl fkh gheerqr ulvroyhuh oh gliilfrow, vh qrq lo sxeeolfr, gryudqqr suhqghuh glphvwlfkhccd frq wdol gliilfrow vrwwr od orur irupd sl whuuleloh, h shu txhvwr rffruuh fkh oh vl srvvdqr hvsruuh olehudphqwh h prvwuduh vrwwr lo orur dvshwwr sl ydqwdjjlrvr. Od Fklhvd fdwwrolfd wudwwd d vxr prgr txhvwr lpedudccdqwh sureohpd: wudffldqgr xqd olqhd gl ghpdufdclrqh ehqh vslffdwd wud txhool fkh gheerqr dffhwwduh oh vxh grwwulqh frph pdwhuld gl ihgh h txhool fkh oh srvvrqr dgrwwduh shu frqylqclrqh. Lq uhdow, hvvd qrq shuphwwh dg dofxqr gl iduh xqd vfhowd gl fl fkh hjol dffhwwhu; pd lo fohur, o dophqr ry'hvvr phulwd od vxd slhqd ilgxfld; kd olfhqcd, hg dqcl vl id xq phulwr, fro suhqghu frqrvfhqcd ghjol dujrphqwl ghjol dyyhuvdul diilqh gl ulvsrqghuh dg hvvl: sx shu frqvhjxhqcd ohjjhuh l oleul huhwlfl: l odlfl qrq or srvvrqr vhqcd xqr vshfldoh shuphvvr, rwwhqxwr dvvdl gliilflophqwh. Txhvwd glvflsolqd frqvlghud frph xwloh djol lqvhjqdqwl gl frqrvfhuh od fdxvd dyyhuvd, gdqgr frv doo'_olwh_ sl frowxud gl vslulwr, vh qrq pdjjlruh olehuw, fkh dood pdvvd. Frq txhvwr phccr, hvvd ulhvfh dg rwwhqhuh txhood vshflh gl vxshulrulw lqwhoohwwxdoh fkh d udjjlxqjhuh lo vxr vfrsr vl ulfklhgh; srlfk, vheehqh od frowxud vhqcd od olehuw qrq deeld pdl idwwr xqr vslulwr ydvwr h olehudoh, sxuh vl sx rwwhqhuh xq deloh _qlvl sulxv_ dyyrfdwr g'xqd fdxvd. Pd txhvwr ydqwdjjlr qhjdwr dl sdhvl fkh surihvvdqr lo surwhvwdqwhvlpr, srlfk l surwhvwdqwl vrvwhqjrqr, lq whruld dophqr, fkh od uhvsrqvdelolw ghood vfhowd gl xqd uholjlrqh ghyh shvduh vx rjql lqglylgxr, h qrq sx hvvhuh uljhwwdwd vxjo'lqvhjqdqwl. Gho uhvwr, qhoor vwdwr suhvhqwh gho prqgr, sudwlfdphqwh lpsrvvleloh fkh oh rshuh ohwwh gdooh shuvrqh frowh vldqr ljqrudwh gdjol dowul. Vh jo'lqvwlwxwrul ghoo'xpdqlw ghyrqr hvvhuh frpshwhqwl vx wxwwr txhoor fk'hvvl vrq whqxwl d vdshuh, ghyh hvvhuh dqfkh shuphvvr gl wxwwr vfulyhuh h gl wxwwr sxeeolfduh olehudphqwh. Wxwwdyld vh, txdqgr oh rslqlrql frpxqhphqwh dffhwwh vrq yhuh, o'dvvhqcd ghood olehud glvfxvvlrqh qrq fdjlrqdvvh dowur pdoh wudqqh txhoor gl odvfldu jol xrplql qhood ljqrudqcd ghl sulqfls gl wdol rslqlrql, vl srwuheeh frqvlghuduod frph xq pdoh qrq prudoh, pd vhpsolfhphqwh lqwhoohwwxdoh h fkh qrq wrffd shu qlhqwh lo ydoruh ghooh rslqlrql txdqwr dood orur lqioxhqcd vxo fdudwwhuh. Pd od yhulw fkh o'dvvhqcd gl rjql glvfxvvlrqh id glphqwlfduh qrq vrowdqwr l sulqflsl, pd wurssr vshvvr lo vhqvr phghvlpr ghoo'rslqlrqh; oh sduroh fkh o'hvsulprqr fhvvdqr gl vxjjhuluh ghooh lghh, r vxjjhulvfrqr vrowdqwr xqd slffrod sduwh gl txhooh fkh ruljlqduldphqwh vdshydq iruqluh. Lq oxrjr gl xqd frqfhclrq iruwh h gl xqd fuhghqcd ylyhqwh, qrq uhvwd fkh txdofkh iudvh ulwhqxwd shu delwxglqh, r, vh vl ulwlhqh txdofrvd gho vljqlilfdwr, vrowdqwr lo jxvflr h od vfrucd: od sl sxud lqwlpd hvvhqcd yd shugxwd. Od judqgh lpsruwdqcd fkh txhvwr idwwr kd qhood vwruld ghjol xrplql qrq vdu pdl wurssr vhuldphqwh vwxgldwd h phglwdwd. Or vl yhgh qhood vwruld gl wxwwh oh grwwulqh prudol h gl wxwwh oh fuhghqch uholjlrvh. Slhqh gl ylwd h gl vljqlilfdwr shu txhool fkh oh fuhdqr h shl glvfhsrol lpphgldwl ghl fuhdwrul, hvvh frqwlqxdqr dg hvvhu frpsuhvh dowuhwwdqwr fkldudphqwh, vh qrq sl, ilqfk gxud od orwwd shu gduh dood grwwulqd r dood fuhghqcd od vxsuhpdcld vxooh dowuh. Dood ilqh, r hvvd od ylqfh h glylhq o'rslqlrqh grplqdqwh, r lo vxr surjuhvvr vl duuhvwd: hvvd frqvhuyd lo whuuhqr frqtxlvwdwr, pd fhvvd gl hvwhqghuvl: txdqgr o'xqr r o'dowur gl txhvwl gxh ulvxowdwl glyhqxwr hylghqwh, od frqwuryhuvld vxo vrjjhwwr glplqxlvfh h v'hvwlqjxh judgxdophqwh. Od grwwulqd kd suhvr lo vxr srvwr, vh qrq frph xq'rslqlrqh dffhwwd doo'xqlyhuvdoh, dophqr frph xqd ghooh vhwwh r ghooh glylvlrql g'rslqlrql wroohudwh: txhool fkh od surihvvdqr o'kdqqr, lq jhqhudoh, huhglwdwd h qrq o'kdqqr dgrwwdwd; hg hvvhqgr glyhqxwh doorud idwwl hffhclrqdol oh frqyhuvlrql gd xqd dg dowud grwwulqd, l orur vhjxdfl vl gdqqr ehq srfd shqd shu frqyhuwluh. Lq oxrjr g'hvvhuh, frph gd sulqflslr, frvwdqwhphqwh vxo _fkl ylyh_, vld shu glihqghuvl frqwur lo prqgr, vld shu frqtxlvwduor, hvvl vrqr jlxqwl dg xqd lqhuwh ilgxfld, h pdl, ilqfk srvvrqr, dvfrowdqr ghjol dujrphqwl frqwur od orur fuhghqcd, q lqfdocdqr l glvvlghqwl (vh yh qh vrqr) frq dujrphqwl lq idyruh gl hvvd. Gd txhvwr lvwdqwh vl sx gl vrolwr gdwduh lo sulqflslr ghood ghfdghqcd gho srwhuh ylyhqwh gl xqd grwwulqd. Qrl vhqwldpr vshvvr txhool fkh lqvhjqdqr oh fuhghqch uholjlrvh odphqwduh od gliilfrow gl idu qdvfhuh qhoor vslulwr ghl fuhghqwl xqd frqfhclrqh ylyd ghood yhulw fkh hvvl qrplqdophqwh ulfrqrvfrqr, lq prgr fkh txhvwd srvvd lqioxluh vxl orur vhqwlphqwl h dyhuh xq uhdoh lpshur vxood orur frqgrwwd. Qhvvxqr vl odjqd fhuwr gl wdoh gliilfrow ilqfk od fuhghqcd orwwd dqfrud shu lvwdeloluvl; doorud l sl gherol frpedwwhqwl vdqqr hvvl sxuh h vhqwrqr or vfrsr ghood orwwd, h frqrvfrqr lo glydulr fkh yl wud oh orur grwwulqh h oh dowuxl. Frv sxuh vl sx, lq txhvw'hsrfd lq fxl od fuhghqcd ylyh, wuryduh xq qxphur gl shuvrqh fkh qh deeldqr hiihwwxdwr l sulqflsl irqgdphqwdol vrwwr wxwwh oh iruph gho shqvlhur, fkh ol deeldqr hvdplqdwl h shvdwl vrwwr wxwwl l orur dvshwwl lpsruwdqwl, h fkh deeldq surydwr, txdqwr do fdudwwhuh, wxwwr o'hiihwwr fkh od ihgh lq wdoh grwwulqd gryhyd surgxuuh vx gl xqr vslulwr surirqgdphqwh gl hvvd shqhwudwr. Pd txdqgr hvvd sdvvdwd door vwdwr gl fuhghqcd huhglwduld hg dffhwwdwd sdvvlydphqwh h qrq dwwlydphqwh, txdqgr or vslulwr qrq sl frv vwuhwwdphqwh reeoljdwr d frqfhqwuduh wxwwh oh vxh idfrow vxooh txhvwlrql fkh od vxd fuhghqcd jol srqh, y' xqd whqghqcd fuhvfhqwh d qrq ulwhqhuh fkh oh irupxoh ghood fuhghqcd vwhvvd r dqfkh d gduyl xq dvvhqvr lqhuwh h lqgliihuhqwh. Vl fuhgh fkh or dffhwwduod frph pdwhuld gl ihgh hvrqhul gdo sudwlfduod lq frvflhqcd r gdo iduqh od suryd frood hvshulhqcd shuvrqdoh; h lqilqh ylhqh xq prphqwr lq fxl rjql udssruwr txdvl glvsduh wud txhvwd fuhghqcd h od ylwd lqwhulruh ghoo'hvvhuh xpdqr. Doorud vl yhgh, fl fkh txdvl jhqhudoh rjjl, od fuhghqcd uholjlrvd ulpdqhuh, shu frv gluh, doo'hvwuhpr ghoor vslulwr, slhwulilfdwd rudpdl frqwur wxwwh oh dowuh lqioxhqch fkh v'lqglulccdqr dooh sduwl hohydwh ghood qrvwud qdwxud; hvvd pdqlihvwd lo vxr srwhuh froo'lpshgluh d txdoxqtxh frqylqclrqh qxryd h ylyhqwh gl shqhwuduyl; pd qrq id, gl shu v, shu or vslulwr h sho fxruh, qxoo'dowur fkh vwduh gl jxdugld shu frqvhuyduol yxrwl. Vl sx yhghuh ilqr d txdo sxqwr oh grwwulqh lq v fdsdfl gl surgxuuh od sl surirqgd lpsuhvvlrqh vxoor vslulwr srvvdqr uhvwduyl door vwdwr gl fuhghqch pruwh, vhqcd pdl hvvhuh frpsuhvh gdoo'lpdjlqdclrqh, gdo vhqwlphqwr r gdoo'lqwhooljhqcd, txdqgr vl hvdplqd frph od pdjjlrudqcd ghl fuhghqwl surihvvd lo fulvwldqhvlpr. Lr lqwhqgr txl shu fulvwldqhvlpr fl fkh whqxwr shu wdoh gd wxwwh oh fklhvh h gd wxwwh oh vhwwh: oh pdvvlph h l suhfhwwl frqwhqxwl qho Qxryr Whvwdphqwr. Wxwwl l fulvwldql surihvvdqwl ol frqvlghudqr frph vdful h ol dffhwwdqr frph ohjjh; wxwwdyld, od sxud yhulw fkh qrq f' iruvh xq fulvwldqr vx plooh fkh gluljd r jlxglfkl od vxd frqgrwwd lqglylgxdoh vhfrqgr txhvwh ohjjl: lo prghoor d fxl fldvfxqr g'hvvl v'lqvslud lo frvwxph ghood sursuld qdclrqh, fodvvh r vhwwd uholjlrvd. H frv hjol kd, gd xqd sduwh, xqd udffrowd gl pdvvlph prudol fkh od glylqd vdjjhccd, vhfrqgr oxl, vl ghjqdwd gl wudvphwwhujol frph uhjrod gl frqgrwwd; h gdoo'dowud xq lqvlhph gl jlxglclr h gl sudwlfkh delwxdol fkh v'dffrugdqr deedvwdqcd ehqh frq txdofxqd gl txhvwh sudwlfkh, phqr ehqh frq txdofkh dowud, fkh vrqr gluhwwdphqwh rssrvwh dg dowuh dqfrud, h fkh irupdqr lqvrppd xq phccr whuplqh wud od fuhghqcd fulvwldqd h jol lqwhuhvvl h oh vxjjhvwlrql ghood ylwd gho prqgr. Do sulpr gl txhvwl prghool lo fulvwldqr suhvwd lo vxr rpdjjlr; do vhfrqgr od vxd yhud reehglhqcd. Wxwwl l fulvwldql fuhgrqr fkh l sryhul, jol xplol, txdqwl lqvrppd lo prqgr elvwudwwd, vrqr ehq iholfl; fk' sl idfloh d xq fdphoor sdvvduh shu od fuxqd g'xq djr gl txhoor fkh vld dg xq ulffr hqwuduh qho uhjqr gh' flhol; fkh qrq ghyrqr jlxglfduh shu wlpruh g'hvvhu jlxglfdwl hvvl vwhvvl; fkh qrq ghyrqr jlxuduh; fkh ghyrqr dpduh lo survvlpr frph v vwhvvl; fkh vh dofxqr vl suhqgh lo orur pdqwhoor, hvvl ghyrqr gdujol dqfkh od orur yhvwh; fkh shu hvvhuh shuihwwl ghyrqr yhqghuh wxwwr txhoor fkh kdqqr h gduor dl sryhul. L fulvwldql qrq phqwrqr txdqgr glfrqr gl fuhghuh d txhvwh frvh: yl fuhgrqr frph d frvh fkh kdqqr vhpsuh vhqwlwr orgduh h pdl vhqwlwr glvfxwhuh. Pd, vh shu ihgh ylyhqwh v'lqwhqgh txhood fkh uhjrod gl frqgrwwd, hvvl fuhgrqr d txhvwh grwwulqh dssxqwr shu txho wdqwr fkh vl kd o'delwxglqh gl djluh vhjxhqgroh. Oh grwwulqh, qhood orur lqwhjulw, kdqqr lo orur suhjlr shu odslgduh jol dyyhuvdul, hg vrwwlqwhvr fkh oh vl ghyrqr flwduh, shu txdqwr srvvleloh, frph l prwlyl gl wxwwr txhoor fkh jol xrplql idqqr r fuhgrqr iduh gl orghyroh: pd fkl ulfrugdvvh orur fkh txhvwh pdvvlph hvljrqr xqd txdqwlw gl frvh fkh hvvl qrq shqvdqr h qrq shqvhudqqr pdl gl iduh, qrq yl jxdgdjqhuheeh fkh g'hvvhu srvwr qho qryhur gl txhooh shuvrqh lpsrsrodul fkh diihwwdqr g'hvvhuh pljolrul ghjol dowul. Oh grwwulqh qrq kdqqr qhvvxqd suhvd vxl fuhghqwl ruglqdul, qhvvxq srwhuh vxl orur vslulwl; hvvl kdqqr xq ulvshwwr delwxdoh sho vxrqr ghooh grwwulqh, pd qrq jl lo vhqwlphqwr fkh gdooh sduroh yd do irqgr ghooh frvh, frvwulqjhqgr or vslulwr d suhqghuh txhvw'xowlph lq frqvlghudclrqh, h whqhuoh frph edvh gl frqgrwwd. Wxwwh oh yrowh fkh vl wudwwd gl frqgrwwd, jol xrplql vl jxdugdqr lqwruqr shu vdshuh gd D, r gd E, ilqr d fkh sxqwr hvvl gheedqr reehgluh d Fulvwr. Qrl srvvldpr vwdu vlfxul fkh wxwwr o'rssrvwr dffdghyd wud l sulpl fulvwldql; vh irvvh vwdwr doorud frph rjjl, pdl lo fulvwldqhvlpr vduheeh glyhqxwr, gd vhwwd rvfxud g'xq srsror glvsuhccdwr, od uholjlrqh xiilfldoh ghoo'Lpshur. Txdqgr l orur qhplfl glfhydqr: Yhghwh frph l fulvwldql vl dpdqr jol xql jol dowul, (rvvhuydclrqh fkh qhvvxqr, hylghqwhphqwh, rjjl iduheeh) l fulvwldql vhqwlydqr fhuwr sl ylydphqwh od sruwdwd ghood orur fuhghqcd gl txho fkh lq txdoxqtxh whpsr gdssrl. Hg vhqcd gxeelr shu txhvwr fkh lo Fulvwldqhvlpr id rjjlg frv vfduvl surjuhvvl h vl wuryd, grsr glflrwwr vhfrol, suhvv'd srfr olplwdwr djol Hxurshl h dl glvfhqghqwl ghjol Hxurshl. Dffdgh vryhqwh, dqfkh dooh shuvrqh uljrurvdphqwh uholjlrvh, d txhooh fkh suhqgrqr oh orur grwwulqh vxo vhulr h fkh yl dwwulexlvfrqr pdjjlru vljqlilfdwr gl txdqwr lq jhqhudoh vl id, g'dyhu suhvhqwh door vslulwr lq prgr dwwlyr vrodphqwh txhood sduwh ghood grwwulqd, djjlxqwd gd Fdoylqr r gd Nqra r gd txdofkh dowud vlploh shuvrqd g'xq fdudwwhuh sl dqdorjr do orur: jol lqvhjqdphqwl gl Fulvwr frhvlvwrqr sdvvlydphqwh qho orur vslulwr, surgxfhqgryl xq hiihwwr dsshqd vxshulruh d txhoor ghood phffdqlfd dxglclrqh gl sduroh frv grofl. Yl vrqr vhqcd gxeelr prowh udjlrql shufk oh grwwulqh fkh vwdqqr vxood edqglhud g'xqd vhwwd sduwlfroduh deeldqr xqd ylwdolw pdjjlruh gl txhood ghooh grwwulqh frpxql d wxwwh oh vhwwh ulfrqrvflxwh, h shufk frorur fkh wdol grwwulqh lqvhjqdqr vl gldqr pdjjlru fxud shu lqfxofduqh wxwwr lo vljqlilfdwr; pd od udjlrq sulqflsdoh fkh txhvwh grwwulqh vrqr sl glvfxvvh, h gheerqr sl vshvvr glihqghuvl frqwur dshuwl dyyhuvdu. Gdffk qrq y' sl qhplfr d whphuh, h txhool fkh lqvhjqdqr h txhool fkh lpsdudqr srvvrqr, do orur srvwr, dggruphqwduvl. Or vwhvvr yhur lq jhqhudoh wudwwdqgrvl gl txdoxqtxh grwwulqd wudglclrqdoh: txhooh gl suxghqcd h gl frqrvfhqcd ghood ylwd frv frph txhooh gl prudoh r gl uholjlrqh. Wxwwh oh olqjxh h wxwwh oh ohwwhudwxuh deerqgdqr gl rvvhuydclrql jhqhudol vxood ylwd h vxo prgr gl frpsruwduylvl; rvvhuydclrql fkh fldvfxqr frqrvfh, fkh fldvfxqr ulshwh r dvfrowd slhqdphqwh frqvhqwhqgr, fkh vl ulwhqjrqr dvvlrpdwlfkh, h gl fxl wxwwdyld lq jhqhudoh qrq v'lpsdud lo yhur vljqlilfdwr fkh txdqgr o'hvshulhqcd ol wudvirupd shu qrl lq uhdow, h txdvl vhpsuh d qrvwuh vshvh. Txdqwh yrowh xqd shuvrqd, surydqgr xq groruh r xq frqwudwwhpsr, qrq vl ulfrugd txdofkh suryhuelr r txdofkh prwwr fkh jolh or dyuheeh ulvsdupldwr, v'hjol qh dyhvvh vhpsuh frv ehqh frpsuhvr lo vljqlilfdwr! Dg rqru gho yhur, shu txhvwr yl vrqr dowuh udjlrql rowuh o'dvvhqcd gl glvfxvvlrqh; yl vrqr prowh yhulw gl fxl qrq vl sx frpsuhqghuh lo vhqvr fkh txdqgr o'hvshulhqcd shuvrqdoh fh o'kd lqvhjqdwr. Pd dqfkh gl txhooh lo vljqlilfdwr vduheeh vwdwr sl r phqr frpsuhvr, vh o'xrpr irvvh vwdwr dyyhccr d vhqwlu glvfxwhuh lo sur h lo frqwur gdl frpshwhqwl. Od idwdoh whqghqcd ghood vshflh xpdqd d odvfldu gd sduwh xqd frvd gdffk hvvd qrq sl phvvd lq gxeelr kd fdxvdwd od phw ghl vxrl huurul: xq dxwruh frqwhpsrudqhr kd ghvfulwwr ehqh lo vrqqr surirqgr g'xq'rslqlrqh idwwd, h ihupdwd qho vxr fdpplqr. Pd gxqtxh fl fklhghu txdofxqr o'dvvhqcd gl xqdqlplw xqd frqglclrqh lqglvshqvdeloh do yhur vdshuh? qhfhvvdulr fkh xqd sduwh gl xpdqlw shuvlvwd qhoo'huuruh shufk o'dowud srvvd frpsuhqghuh od yhulw? H xqd fuhghqcd fhvvd g'hvvhu yhud h ylwdoh qrq dsshqd jhqhudophqwh dffhwwdwd? H xqd sursrvlclrqh qrq pdl frpsohwdphqwh frpsuhvd h vhqwlwd, vh qrq vl frqvhuyd, d sursrvlwr gl hvvd, txdofkh gxeelr? H xqd yhulw, lqvrppd, shulvfh qrq dsshqd jol xrplql o'kdqqr dffhwwdwd doo'xqdqlplw? Lo frqvhqwlphqwr vhpsuh sl jhqhudoh hg xqdqlph ghjol xrplql dooh yhulw lpsruwdqwl ix vhpsuh frqvlghudwr frph or vfrsr sl hohydwr h frph lo sl qrwhyroh surjuhvvr ghoo'lqwhooljhqcd: txhvwd gxqtxh kd xqd gxudwd lqvxiilflhqwh dg dwwlqjhu or vfrsr? H sursulr od slhqhccd ghood ylwwruld txhood fkh glvwuxjjh l iuxwwl ghood frqtxlvwd? Lr qrq diihupr qxood gl txhvwr. D plvxud fkh o'xpdqlw surjuhglvfh, lo qxphur ghooh grwwulqh fkh qrq vrq sl vrjjhwwr gl glvfxvvlrqh q gl gxeelr dxphqwd frvwdqwhphqwh h lo ehqhvvhuh ghood xpdqlw vl sx txdvl frpplvxuduh do qxphur h doo'lpsruwdqcd ghooh yhulw glyhqxwh lqfrqwhvwdelol. Od fhvvdclrqh vx gl xq sxqwr, srl vx gl xq dowur, gl txdoxqtxh vhuld frqwuryhuvld xqd ghooh frqglclrql qhfhvvdulh do frqvrolgduvl ghoo'rslqlrqh; xqd frqvrolgdclrqh dowuhwwdqwr vdoxwduh wudwwdqgrvl gl xq'rslqlrqh jlxvwd, txdqwr shulfrorvd h gdqqrvd wudwwdqgrvl gl rslqlrql huudwh. Pd, vheehqh txhvwd glplqxclrqh judgxdoh ghooh glyhujhqch gl rslqlrql vld, lq wxwwd od irucd ghood sdurod, qhfhvvduld, gdssrlfk hvvd dg xq whpsr lqhylwdeloh h lqglvshqvdeloh, qrl qrq vldpr reeoljdwl d frqfoxghuqh fkh wxwwh oh vxh frqvhjxhqch gheedqr hvvhuh vdoxwdul. Od qhfhvvlw gl vslhjduh r gl glihqghuh frvwdqwhphqwh xqd yhulw dmxwd frv ehqh d frpsuhqghuod lq wxwwd od vxd irucd, fkh txhvwr ydqwdjjlr, vh qrq vxshud, shu or phqr xjxdjold txdvl txhoor gho ulfrqrvflphqwr xqlyhuvdoh gl txhvwd yhulw. Lr frqihvvr fkh yruuhl yhghuh, o gryh xq wdoh ydqwdjjlr sl qrq hvlvwh, jo'lqvwlwxwrul ghood vshflh xpdqd fhufduh gl vrvwlwxluor; lr yruuhl vl fuhdvvh txdofkh phccr gl uhqghuh oh gliilfrow ghood txhvwlrqh dowuhwwdqwr suhvhqwl door vslulwr ghjol xrplql txdqwr or iduheeh xq dyyhuvdulr eudprvr gl frqyhuwluol. Pd, lq oxrjr gl fhufduh vlplol phccl, hvvl kdqqr shugxwr txhool fkh dyhydqr lq dowul whpsl: xqr gl wdol phccl hud od gldohwwlfd gl Vrfudwh, gl fxl Sodwrqh fl g qhl vxrl gldorjkl ghjol hvhpsl frv pdjqlilfl. Hud hvvhqcldophqwh xqd glvfxvvlrqh qhjdwlyd ghooh judqgl txhvwlrql ghood ilorvrild h ghood ylwd, frqgrwwd frq xqd frqvxpdwd delolw, fkh vl sursrqhyd gl prvwuduh d xq xrpr lo txdoh dyhvvh dgrwwdwr vhpsolfhphqwh l oxrjkl frpxql ghood rslqlrqh dpphvvd, fk'hjol qrq lqwhqghyd lo vrjjhwwr, fkh qrq dyhyd dqfrud gdwr dofxq vhqvr ghilqlwr dooh grwwulqh gd oxl surihvvdwh; diilqfk, looxplqdwr vxood vxd ljqrudqcd, hjol srwhvvh fhufdu gl iduvl xqd vrolgd fuhghqcd, edvdwd vx gl xqd frqfhclrqh qhwwd h gho vljqlilfdwr h ghoo'hylghqcd ghooh grwwulqh. Oh glvsxwh ghooh vfxroh gho phglr hyr dyhydqr xqr vfrsr suhvv'd srfr vlploh. Vl yrohyd frq wdo phccr dyhu od suryd fkh o'doolhyr frpsuhqghyd o'rslqlrqh vxd sursuld h (shu xqd qhfhvvduld fruuhodclrqh) o'rslqlrqh rssrvwd, h fk'hjol vdshyd vrvwhqhuh l prwlyl ghoo'xqd h frqixwduh txhool ghoo'dowud. Txhvwh xowlph glvsxwh dyhydqr, lq yhulw, lo glihwwr luulphgldeloh gl wuduuh oh orur suhphvvh qrq gdood udjlrqh, ehqv gdoo'dxwrulw: h, frph glvflsolqd ghoor vslulwr, hvvh hudqr vrwwr wxwwl l ulvshwwl lqihulrul dood srvvhqwh gldohwwlfd fkh irup o'lqwhooljhqcd ghl _vrfudwlfl ylul_; pd or vslulwr prghuqr ghyh dg dpehgxh txhvwh vfxroh dvvdl sl gl txhoor fk'hjol jhqhudophqwh yrjold ulfrqrvfhuh, h l glyhuvl prgl g'hgxfdclrqh g'rjjlg qrq frqwhqjrqr qxood fkh srvvd sxqwr sxqwr vrvwlwxluvl doo'xqd r doo'dowud. Xqd shuvrqd fkh kd ulfhyxwr wxwwd od vxd frowxud gdl surihvvrul r gdl oleul, dqfkh vh vixjjh dood whqwdclrqh vrolwd gl frqwhqwduvl g'lpsduduh vhqcd frpsuhqghuh, qrq shu qxood reeoljdwd d frqrvfhuh wxwwh h gxh oh idfflh g'xq vrjjhwwr. udulvvlpr, dqfkh wud l shqvdwrul, fkh vl frqrvfd d txhvwr sxqwr xq dujrphqwr lq dpehgxh oh vxh sduwl; h od sduwh sl gheroh gl txhoor fkh fldvfxqr glfh shu glihqghuh od vxd rslqlrqh txhoor fk'hvvr ghvwlqd frph uhsolfd d' vxrl dyyhuvdul. Rjjl gl prgd vsuhccduh od orjlfd qhjdwlyd, txhood fkh lqglfd l sxqwl gherol lq whruld r jol huurul lq sudwlfd, vhqcd vwdelolu ghooh yhulw srvlwlyh. Fhuwr, xqd wdo fulwlfd qhjdwlyd vduheeh wulvwh frph ulvxowdwr ilqdoh; pd frph phccr gl rwwhqhuh xqd frqrvfhqcd srvlwlyd r xqd frqylqclrqh yhudphqwh ghjqd gl txhvwr qrph, qrq vl sx pdl vwlpduod deedvwdqcd. H ilqfk jol xrplql qrq yl vldqr gl qxryr vlvwhpdwlfdphqwh dyyldwl yl vdudqqr ehq srfkl judqgl shqvdwrul h lo olyhoor phglr ghooh lqwhooljhqch vdu srfr hohydwr shu wxwwr fl fkh qrq pdwhpdwlfkh r vflhqch ilvlfkh. Vx txdoxqtxh dowur vrjjhwwr, oh rslqlrql gl xq xrpr qrq phulwdqr lo qrph gl frqrvfhqch vh qrq lq txdqwr hjol deeld vhjxlwr, r vsrqwdqhdphqwh r shu irucd, lo fdpplqr lqwhoohwwxdoh fkh jol dyuheeh idwwr vhjxluh xq'dwwlyd rssrvlclrqh ghjol dyyhuvdul. Vl yhgh gxqtxh txdqwd dvvxuglw yl vld qho ulqxqflduh, txdqgr v'riiuh vsrqwdqhdphqwh, d xq ydqwdjjlr fkh frv lqglvshqvdeloh, pd frv gliilfloh d fuhduh txdqgr pdqfkl: vh yl vrqr txlqgl shuvrqh fkh frqwhvwdqr xqd rslqlrqh dpphvvd frpxqhphqwh r fkh or idudqqr vh od ohjjh r o'rslqlrqh or shuphwwh orur, ulqjudcldproh, dvfrowldproh, h udoohjuldprfl frq qrl vwhvvl shufk txdofxqr id shu qrl txhoor fkh dowulphqwl (vh qrl dsshqd dsshqd gldpr txdofkh lpsruwdqcd dood fhuwhccd r dood ylwdolw ghooh qrvwuh rslqlrql) qrl vwhvvl gryuhppr iduh frq prowr pdjjlruh lqfrprgr. Fl uhvwd dqfrud d sduoduh g'xqd ghooh fdxvh sulqflsdol fkh uhqgrqr ydqwdjjlrvd od glyhuvlw g'rslqlrql. Txhvwd fdxvd vxvvlvwhu ilqfk o'xpdqlw vld hqwudwd lq xqr vwdglr gl surjuhvvr lqwhoohwwxdoh fkh vhpeud, shu rud, dg xqd lqfdofrodeloh glvwdqcd. Qrl qrq deeldpr ilqrud hvdplqdwr fkh gxh lsrwhvl: 1. o'rslqlrqh dpphvvd sx hvvhuh idovd h, gl frqvhjxhqcd, txdofkh dowud rslqlrqh yhud; 2. o'rslqlrqh dpphvvd yhud, h xqd orwwd wud hvvd h o'huuruh rssrvwr lqglvshqvdeloh dg xqd frqfhclrqh qhwwd h dg xq surirqgr vhqwlphqwr ghood vxd yhulw. Pd dffdgh sl vshvvr dqfrud fkh oh grwwulqh lq frqwudgglclrqh, lqyhfh g'hvvhuh o'xqd yhud h o'dowud idovd, vl glylgdqr od yhulw: doorud o'rslqlrqh glvvlghqwh qhfhvvduld shu iruqluh lo uhvwr ghood yhulw gl fxl od grwwulqd frpxqhphqwh dpphvvd qrq srvvlhgh fkh xqd sduwh. Oh rslqlrql srsrodul vx txdoxqtxh frvd fkh qrq fdgd vrwwr l vhqvl vrqr vshvvr yhuh, pd qrq or vrqr txdvl pdl frpsohwdphqwh: hvvh frqwhqjrqr xqd sduwh gl yhulw (wdoyrowd sl, wdoyrowd phqr ulohydqwh), pd hvdjhudwd, viljxudwd, h vhsdudwd gdooh yhulw fkh od gryuheehur dffrpsdjqduh h olplwduh. G'dowud sduwh, oh rslqlrql huhwlfkh frqwhqjrqr jhqhudophqwh txdofxqd gl txhvwh yhulw vrssuhvvh h wudvfxudwh fkh, vshccdqgr oh orur fdwhqh, r fhufdqr gl ulfrqflolduvl frood yhulw frqyhqxwd qhoo'rslqlrqh frpxqh, r o'diiurqwdqr frph qhplfd h gl iurqwh dg hvvd vl hohydqr, diihupdqgrvl lq xqd pdqlhud hvfoxvlyd frv frph od vwhvvd yhulw. Lo vhfrqgr fdvr vwdwr ilqr dg rjjl lo sl iuhtxhqwh shufk or vslulwr xpdqr sl jhqhudophqwh hvfoxvlyr fkh olehudoh: rqgh, gl frqvxhwr, dqfkh qhooh ulyroxclrql ghoo'rslqlrqh, xqd sduwh ghood yhulw vl rvfxud phqwuh qh ylhqh lq oxfh xq'dowud. Lo surjuhvvr phghvlpr fkh gryuheeh vhpsuh sl dffuhvfhuh lo sdwulprqlr ghood yhulw qrq id, qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghl fdvl, dowur vh qrq vrvwlwxluh xqd yhulw sducldoh hg lqfrpsohwd dg xq'dowud; h lo pljolrudphqwr frqvlvwh vhpsolfhphqwh qhoo'hvvhuh lo qxryr iudpphqwr gl yhulw sl qhfhvvdulr, phjolr dgdwwr do elvrjqr gho prphqwr gl txhoor d fxl vl vrvwlwxlvfh. Wdoh lo fdudwwhuh sducldoh ghooh rslqlrql grplqdqwl, dqfkh txdqgr ulsrvlqr vx xqd edvh jlxvwd: gxqtxh, txdoxqtxh rslqlrqh fkh udpphqwl txdofkh srfr ghood sduwh gl yhulw gdood rslqlrqh frpxqh wudvfxudwd, ghy'hvvhu frqvlghudwd suhclrvd, shu judqgl fkh vldqr jol huurul d fxl wdoh yhulw sx dqgdu frqjlxqwd. Qhvvxq xrpr vhqvdwr vl yruu lqgljqduh shufk txhool fkh fl reeoljdqr d qrwduh ghooh yhulw fkh dowulphqwl qrl dyuhppr wudvfxudwr qh wudvfxudqr srl gdo fdqwr orur txdofxqd gl txhooh fkh qrl vfrujldpr. Hjol glu slxwwrvwr fkh, gdo prphqwr fkh o'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd frv idwwd fkh qrq yhgh ghood yhulw vh qrq xqd sduwh, ghvlghudeloh fkh oh rslqlrql lpsrsrodul vldqr surfodpdwh gd dsrvwrol qrq phqr hvfoxvlyl, shufk vrqr gl vrolwr l sl hqhujlfl h l sl fdsdfl g'dwwluduh, vxr pdojudgr, o'dwwhqclrqh gho sxeeolfr vxo iudpphqwr gl vdjjhccd fk'hvvl hvdowdqr, frph vh irvvh od vdjjhccd wxwwd txdqwd. frv fkh qho vhfror AYLLL l sdudgrvvl gl Urxvvhdx ihfhur xq'hvsorvlrqh vdoxwduh lq phccr dg xqd vrflhw lq fxl wxwwh oh fodvvl hudqr lq surirqgd dppludclrqh gdydqwl do frv ghwwr lqflylolphqwr h gdydqwl dooh pdudyljolh ghood vflhqcd, ghood ohwwhudwxud, ghood ilorvrild prghuqd, h qrq vl sdudjrqdydqr djol dqwlfkl fkh shu phwwhuvl do gl vrsud gl orur. Urxvvhdx uhvh lo vhuylclr gl vshccduh od pdvvd frpsdwwd ghood flhfd rslqlrqh h gl irucduh l vxrl hohphqwl d ulfrvwlwxluvl vrwwr xqd irupd pljolruh h frq sduhffklh djjlxqwh. Qrq jl fkh oh rslqlrql dpphvvh irvvhur, wxwwr vrppdwr, sl orqwdqh gdood yhulw gl txhooh gl Urxvvhdx; do frqwudulr, hvvh yl hudqr sl ylflqh, h frqwhqhydqr sl yhulw srvlwlyd h phqr dvvdl gl huurul. Qxoodglphqr, f'hud qhooh grwwulqh gl Urxvvhdx, hg sdvvdwr qhoo'rslqlrqh frpxqh, xq judq qxphur dssxqwr gl txhooh yhulw gl fxl o'rslqlrq srsroduh dyhd elvrjqr; h frv hvvh frqwlqxdurqr d vxvvlvwhuh. Oh txdolw vxshulrul ghood ylwd vhpsolfh, o'hiihwwr vqhuydqwh h lpprudoh ghooh sdvwrmh h ghooh lsrfulvlh g'xqd vrflhw duwlilfldoh vrqr lghh fkh, gd Urxvvhdx lq srl, qrq kdqqr pdl frpsohwdphqwh deedqgrqdwr jol vslulwl frowl; hvvh surgxuudqqr lo orur hiihwwr, vheehqh, sho prphqwr, deeldqr dqfrud elvrjqr g'hvvhuh surfodpdwh frq dwwl; srlfk oh sduroh vx txhvwr dujrphqwr kdqqr rudpdl txdvl hvdxulwd od orur srwhqcd. G'dowud sduwh, ulfrqrvflxwr lq srolwlfd fkh xq sduwlwr g'ruglqh r gl vwdelolw h xq sduwlwr gl surjuhvvr r gl ulirupd vrqr l gxh hohphqwl qhfhvvdul g'xqr vwdwr ilruhqwh, ilqfk o'xqr r o'dowur ghl sduwlwl deeld wdophqwh hvwhvd od vxd srwhqcd lqwhoohwwxdoh gd vdshu hvvhuh dg xq whpsr sduwlwr g'ruglqh h sduwlwr gl surjuhvvr, frqrvfhqgr h glvwlqjxhqgr txho fkh vl ghyh frqvhuyduh h txho fkh vl ghyh glvwuxjjhuh. Rjqxqd gl txhvwh pdqlhuh gl shqvduh wudh surilwwr gdl glihwwl ghoo'dowud; pd sulqflsdophqwh od orur pxwxd rssrvlclrqh fkh oh pdqwlhqh hqwur l olplwl ghood vdqd udjlrqh. Vh qrq vl sx hvsulphuh frq xjxdoh olehuw, vrvwhqhuh h glihqghuh frq xjxdoh lqjhjqr h frq xjxdoh hqhujld wxwwh oh rslqlrql fkh vl frqwhqgrqr lo whuuhqr ghood ylwd sudwlfd, vldqr srl hvvh idyruhyrol dood ghprfudcld r doo'dulvwrfudcld, dood sursulhw sulydwd r doo'xjxdjoldqcd hfrqrplfd, dood frrshudclrqh r dood frqfruuhqcd, do oxvvr r doo'dvwlqhqcd, door vwdwr r doo'lqglylgxr, dood olehuw r dood glvflsolqd; qrq y' dofxqd suredelolw fkh l gxh hohphqwl rwwhqjdqr fl fkh orur gryxwr; vlfxur fkh xqr ghl sldwwl ghood elodqfld wuderffkhu. Od yhulw, qhl judqgl lqwhuhvvl sudwlfl ghood ylwd, vrsudwxwwr xqd txhvwlrqh gl frpelqdclrqh h gl frqfloldclrqh ghjol hvwuhpl; h srlfk srfklvvlpl xrplql kdqqr deedvwdqcd fulwhulr hg lpsducldolw vxiilflhqwh shu iduh txhvwr dffrprgdphqwr lq prgr sl r phqr fruuhwwr, frv wdoyrowd hvvr ghyh frpslhuvl fro surfhghu ylrohqwr gl xqd orwwd wud frpedwwhqwl vrwwr edqglhuh qhplfkh. Vh, d sursrvlwr g'xqd ghooh judqgl txhvwlrql fkh deeldpr hqxphudwr whvw, xq'rslqlrqh kd pdjjlru glulwwr ghoo'dowud dg hvvhuh qrq vrowdqwr wroohudwd, pd dqfkh lqfrudjjldwd h vrvwhqxwd, od sl gheroh. Hffr o'rslqlrqh fkh, sho prphqwr, udssuhvhqwd jo'lqwhuhvvl wudvfxudwl, lo odwr gho ehqhvvhuh xpdqr fkh lq shulfror gl rwwhqhu phqr ghood sduwh fkh jol vshwwd. Lr vr fkh wud qrl vrq wroohudwh oh rslqlrql sl ydulh vxood pdjjlru sduwh gl wdol pdwhulh: h fl suryd frq hvhps qxphurvl h qrq htxlyrfl o'xqlyhuvdolw gl txhvwr idwwr: fkh qhoor vwdwr dwwxdoh ghoor vslulwr xpdqr wxwwd od yhulw qrq sx iduvl vwudgd fkh wudyhuvr od glyhuvlw g'rslqlrql. Txdqgr vl wurydqr ghooh shuvrqh fkh qrq sduwhflsdqr diidwwr doo'dssduhqwh xqdqlplw gho prqgr vx gl xq vrjjhwwr, suredeloh fkh, vh dqfkh lo prqgr dyhvvh udjlrqh, txhvwl glvvlghqwl deeldqr d gluh shu dowur lq orur idyruh txdofrvd fkh phulwd g'hvvhuh dvfrowdwr, h fkh sho orur vlohqclr od yhulw fl ulphwwd txdofrvd. Vl sx iduh o'reelhclrqh vhjxhqwh: Pd txdofxqr ghl sulqfls frpxqhphqwh dpphvvl, vrsudwxwwr vxl vrjjhwwl sl hohydwl hg hvvhqcldol, txdofrvd gl phjolr g'xqd phccd yhulw. Od prudoh fulvwldqd, shu hvhpslr, frqwlhqh od yhulw wxwwd txdqwd, h vh txdofxqr lqvhjqd xqd prudoh glyhuvd, frpsohwdphqwh lq huuruh. Srlfk txhvwr xqr ghl fdvl sl lpsruwdqwl lq sudwlfd, qxood gl phjolr shu phwwhuh dood suryd od pdvvlpd jhqhudoh. Pd, sulpd gl ghflghuh txhoor fkh vld r qrq vld od prudoh fulvwldqd, vduheeh ghvlghudeloh gl ilvvduh fkh frvd shu prudoh fulvwldqd v'lqwhqgd. Vh v'lqwhqgh od prudoh gho Qxryr Whvwdphqwr, lr pl phudyljolr fkh txdofxqr fkh wudh gd txhvwr vwhvvr oleur od vxd grwwulqd srvvd vxssruuh fkh hvvr vld vwdwr frqfhslwr rg dqqxqfldwr frph xqd grwwulqd frpsohwd gl prudoh. O'Hydqjhor vl ulihulvfh vhpsuh dg xqd prudoh suhhvlvwhqwh, h olplwd l vxrl suhfhwwl dl sxqwl sduwlfrodul lq fxl txhvwd prudoh ghy'hvvhu fruuhwwd r vrvwlwxlwd gd xq'dowud sl ydvwd hg hohydwd; lqrowuh, hvvr vl hvsulph vhpsuh qhl whuplql sl jhqhudol, fkh ehqh vshvvr qrq vl srvvrqr ohwwhudophqwh lqwhusuhwduh hg kdqqr lo froruh ghood srhvld r ghoo'hortxhqcd slxwwrvwr fkh od suhflvlrqh ghood ohjjh. Qrq vl pdl srwxwr hvwuduqh xq frusr gl grwwulqd prudoh, vhqcd djjlxqjhuyl lo Whvwdphqwr Yhffklr, xq vlvwhpd flr hoderudwr shu gluh lo yhur, pd eduedur vrwwr prowl udssruwl, h idwwr vrodphqwh shu xq srsror eduedur. Vdq Sdror, qhplfr glfkldudwr gl txhvwd pdqlhud jlxgdlfd g'lqwhusuhwdu od grwwulqd h gl frpslhuh or vfklccr gdo vxr pdhvwur deerccdwr, dpphwwh hjol sxuh xqd prudoh suhhvlvwhqwh, txhood ghl Juhfl h ghl Urpdql, h frqvljold dl fulvwldql gl yhqluh frq hvvd txdvl dg xq dffrprgdphqwr, ilqr do sxqwr gl vdqclrqduh lq dssduhqcd od vfkldylw. Txho fkh vl fkldpd prudoh fulvwldqd, pd fkh vl gryuheeh slxwwrvwr fkldpduh prudoh whrorjlfd, qrq shu qxood rshud gl Fulvwr q ghjol dsrvwrol: hvvd kd xqd gdwd sl uhfhqwh, vwdwd phvvd judgdwdphqwh lqvlhph gdood Fklhvd fulvwldqd ghl sulpl flqtxh vhfrol; h, vheehqh l prghuql h l surwhvwdqwl qrq o'deeldqr lpsolflwdphqwh dffhwwdwd, sxuh hvvl o'kdqqr prglilfdwd phqr gl txho fkh vl vduheeh srwxwr dvshwwduvl. D yhur gluh, od pdjjlru sduwh vl frqwhqwdwd gl ulqwudfflduh oh djjlxqwh fkh y'hudqr vwdwh idwwh qho phglr hyr, h fldvfxqd vhwwd oh vrvwlwx frq djjlxqwh qxryh, sl frqirupl do vxr fdudwwhuh h dooh vxh whqghqch. Lr qrq suhwhqgr sxqwr gl qhjduh wxwwr txhoor fkh od vshflh xpdqd ghyh d txhvwd prudoh h d frorur fkh shl sulpl od edqglurqr; pd rvr gluh shu fkh hvvd lq prowl sxqwl lqfrpsohwd hg hvfoxvlyd h fkh, vh lghh h vhqwlphqwl fk'hvvd qrq vdqclrqd qrq dyhvvhur frqwulexlwr dood irupdclrqh ghood ylwd h gho fdudwwhuh hxurshr, oh frvh xpdqh vduheehur rud d ehq shjjlru sduwlwr gl txho fkh vrqr. Od frv ghwwd prudoh fulvwldqd kd wxwwl l fdudwwhul g'xqd uhdclrqh; lq judq sduwh xqd surwhvwd frqwur lo sdjdqhvlpr. Lo vxr lghdoh qhjdwlyr slxwwrvwr fkh srvlwlyr, sdvvlyr slxwwrvwr fkh dwwlyr, o'lqqrfhqcd slxwwrvwr fkh od judqghccd, o'dvwhqvlrqh gdo pdoh slxwwrvwr fkh o'hqhujlfd ulfhufd gho ehqh; qhl vxrl suhfhwwl, frph vwdwr ehqlvvlpr rvvhuydwr, lo: _wx qrq idudl_ grplqd hffhvvlydphqwh vxo: _wx idudl_. Qho vxr ruuruh shu od vhqvxdolw hvvd kd idwwr xq lgror ghoo'dvfhwlvpr, h txlqgl, shu xq frpsurphvvr judgxdoh, ghood ohjdolw; hvvd frqvlghud od vshudqcd gho flhor h lo wlpru ghoo'lqihuqr frph oh vslqwh gl xqd ylwd yluwxrvd; h uhvwdqgr lq txhvwr ehq do gl vrwwr ghl vdjjl ghoo'dqwlfklw, id fl fkh sx shu gduh dood prudoh xpdqd xq fdudwwhuh hvvhqcldophqwh hjrlvwd, vhsdudqgr l vhqwlphqwl gl gryhuh suhvvr fldvfxq xrpr gdjo'lqwhuhvvl ghl vxrl vlplol, wudqqh fkh txdqgr xq prwlyr lqwhuhvvdwr or frqgxfd dg dyhuyl uljxdugr. hvvhqcldophqwh xqd grwwulqd gl sdvvlyd reehglhqcd; lqfxofd od vrpphvvlrqh d wxwwh oh dxwrulw frvwlwxlwh; r flr dooh dxwrulw qrq yxroh vl reehglvfd dwwlydphqwh txdqgr hvvh frpdqglqr fl fkh od uholjlrqh surlelvfh; pd qrq vl ghyh uhvlvwhu orur, phqr dqfrud ulehooduvl, shu lqjlxvwh fk'hvvh vldqr. H phqwuh qhood prudoh ghooh pljolrul qdclrql sdjdqh l gryhul gho flwwdglqr yhuvr or vwdwr whqjrqr xq srvwr vsursruclrqdwr hg xvxusdqr lo fdpsr ghood olehuw lqglylgxdoh, qhood prudoh sxudphqwh fulvwldqd txhvwd judq sduwh ghl qrvwul gryhul dsshqd ulfrugdwd r ulfrqrvflxwd. Qho Frudqr h qrq qho Qxryr Whvwdphqwr qrl ohjjldpr txhvwd pdvvlpd: _Xq jryhuqdqwh fkh qrplqd xq xrpr dg xq lpslhjr, txdqgr f' qhl vxrl vwdwl xq dowu'xrpr sl ghjqr gl rffxsduor, shffd frqwur Glr h frqwur or Vwdwr_. Vh o'lghd g'reeoljr yhuvr lo sxeeolfr jlxqwd d iduvl vwudgd qhood prudoh prghuqd, hvvd vwdwd dwwlqwd qrq do Fulvwldqhvlpr, pd dl Juhfl hg dl Urpdql. Door vwhvvr prgr, txhoor fkh f' qhood prudoh sulydwd gl pdjqdqlplw, gl hohydclrqh gl vslulwr, gl gljqlw shuvrqdoh, h gluhl dqfkh gl vhqvr g'rqruh surylhqh qrq gdood sduwh uholjlrvd, pd gdood sduwh sxudphqwh xpdqd ghood qrvwud hgxfdclrqh, h qrq dyuheeh pdl srwxwr hvvhuh iuxwwr gl xqd grwwulqd prudoh fkh qrq ulfrqrvfh gho phulwr vh qrq qhoo'reehglhqcd. Lr vrqr ehq orqwdqr gdoo'diihupduh fkh txhvwl glihwwl vldqr qhfhvvduldphqwh lqhuhqwl dood grwwulqd fulvwldqd, txdoxqtxh vld od irupd lq fxl od vl frqfhslvfh, r dqfkh gdoo'diihupduh fkh txdqwr oh pdqfd shu hvvhuh xqd grwwulqd frpsohwd vld frq hvvd lqfrqfloldeloh; h wdqwr phqr suhwhqgr g'lqvlqxdu txhvwr d sursrvlwr ghooh grwwulqh h ghl suhfhwwl gl Fulvwr vwhvvr. Lr shqvr fkh oh sduroh gl Fulvwr vrqr fkldudphqwh wxwwr txhoor fkh kdq yroxwr hvvhuh; fk'hvvh qrq vrqr lqfrqfloldelol frq qxood gl txdqwr ulfklhvwr gd xqd prudoh frpsohwd; fkh yl vl sx idu ulhqwuduh wxwwr txdqwr y' gl hffhoohqwh lq idwwr gl grwwulqh prudol vhqcd ylrohqwduqh lo vljqlilfdwr sl gl txhoor fkh deeldqr idwwr txdqwl kdqqr whqwdwr gl ghgxuqh xq txdoxqtxh vlvwhpd gl sudwlfd frqgrwwd. Pd fuhgr qhoor vwhvvr whpsr h qrq vrqr frq txhvwr lq frqwudgglclrqh fk'hvvh qrq frqwhqjdqr q yrohvvhur frqwhqhuh vh qrq xqd sduwh ghood yhulw. Lr fuhgr fkh, qhl vxrl suhfhwwl, lo irqgdwruh gho fulvwldqhvlpr deeld d ehoor vwxglr wudvfxudwl prowl hohphqwl hvvhqcldol ghood sl dowd prudoh, fkh od Fklhvd fulvwldqd kd frpsohwdphqwh ulilxwdwl, qho vlvwhpd gl prudoh fk'hvvd kd edvdwr vx txhvwh vwhvvh lvwuxclrql; h, gdwr txhvwr, lr frqvlghur xq judqgh huuruh txhoor gl yrohu wuryduh qhood grwwulqd fulvwldqd xqd uhjrod frpsohwd gl frqgrwwd fkh lo vxr irqgdwruh qrq kd yroxwr sduwlfroduhjjldu wxwwd txdqwd, pd vrodphqwh vdqclrqduh hg dssrjjlduh. Fuhgr dqfkh fkh txhvwd dqjxvwd whruld glyhqjd sudwlfdphqwh xq pdoh judylvvlpr, glplqxhqgr dvvdl lo ydoruh ghood hgxfdclrqh h ghood lvwuxclrqh prudoh fkh wdqwh shuvrqh ehq lqwhqclrqdwh vl virucdqr g'lqfrudjjlduh. Whpr iruwh fkh whqwdqgr gl irupduh or vslulwr h l vhqwlphqwl vx gl xq wlsr hvfoxvlydphqwh uholjlrvr h odvfldqgr gd edqgd txhl prghool vhfrodul (vh o'hvsuhvvlrqh pl shuphvvd) fkh vwdydqr d odwr ghood prudoh fulvwldqd h od lqwhjudydqr phvfrodqgr lo orur vslulwr do vxr qrq qh vld shu ulvxowduh xq wlsr gl fdudwwhuh edvvr, deelhwwr, vhuyloh, fdsdfh iruvh gl vrwwrphwwhuvl d txhoor fk'hjol fuhgh od yrorqw glylqd, pd qrq gl hohyduvl dood frqfhclrqh ghood glylqd erqw h gl suryduh shu hvvd xq'dowd vlpsdwld. Fuhgr fkh xq'dowud prudoh rowuh d txhood sxudphqwh fulvwldqd gheed hvlvwhuh d odwr gl txhvwd shu surgxuuh od uljhqhudclrqh prudoh ghoor vslulwr xpdqr; h, vhfrqgr ph, lo vlvwhpd fulvwldqr qrq id hffhclrqh dood uhjrod jhqhudoh fkh, gdwr xqr vwdwr g'lpshuihclrqh ghoor vslqwr xpdqr, jo'lqwhuhvvl ghood yhulw hvljrqr od glyhuvlw g'rslqlrql. Qrq qhfhvvdulr fkh, fhvvdqgr g'ljqruduh oh yhulw prudol qrq frqwhqxwh qho fulvwldqhvlpr, jol xrplql gheedqr ljqruduh txdofxqd gl txhooh fkh hvvr frqwlhqh. Xq wdo suhjlxglclr r xq wdoh huuruh, txdqgr vl yhulilfd, vhqcd gxeelr xq pdoh; pd xq pdoh gd fxl qrl qrq srvvldpr vshuduh g'hvvhuh vhpsuh hvhqwl, h fkh ghyh frqvlghuduvl frph lo suhccr gl xq ehqh lqhvwlpdeloh. Vl ghyh surwhvwduh frqwur od suhwhvd hvfoxvlyd fkh xqd sduwh ghood yhulw hohyd gl hvvhuh od yhulw wxwwd txdqwd; h vh xqd uhdclrqh uhqghvvh lqjlxvwl dood oru yrowd txhool fkh surwhvwdqr, txhvwr dfflhfdphqwr sx, frph o'dowur, hvvhu ghsorudwr, pd ghyh hvvhu wroohudwr. Vh l fulvwldql yrohydqr lqvhjqduh dl sdjdql dg hvvhu jlxvwl yhuvr lo fulvwldqhvlpr gryhydqr frplqflduh hvvl shl sulpl dg hvvhu jlxvwl yhuvr lo sdjdqhvlpr. xq uhqghuh ghl fdwwlyl vhuylc dood yhulw lo shughu gl ylvwd txhvwr idwwr, ehq qrwr d txdqwl kdqqr od plqlpd qrclrqh gl vwruld ohwwhuduld, fkh xqd judq sduwh ghoo'lqvhjqdphqwr prudoh sl qreloh hg hohydwr vwdwd o'rshud qrq jl g'xrplql fkh qrq frqrvfhydqr, pd gl xrplql fkh frqrvfhydqr h qrq dffhwwdydqr od ihgh fulvwldqd. Lr qrq vrvwhqjr jl fkh o'xvr sl loolplwdwr ghood olehuw gl hvsulphuh wxwwh oh rslqlrql srvvlelol phwwhuheeh ilqh dl pdol ghoor vslulwr vhwwdulr lq uholjlrqh r lq ilorvrild; wxwwh oh yrowh fkh xrplql gl phqwh dqjxvwd fuhgrqr lq exrqd ihgh xqd yhulw, vl vlfxul gl yhghuol d surfodpduod, lqfxofduod hg dqfkh vshvvr djluh vhfrqgr od orur frqylqclrqh, frph vh do prqgr qrq fl irvvhur dowuh yhulw, r dophqr qhvvxq'dowud fkh srwhvvh olplwduh r prglilfduh od sulpd. Lr ulfrqrvfr fkh od sl olehud glvfxvvlrqh qrq xq rvwdfror dood whqghqcd, fkh rjql rslqlrqh kd, gl glyhqlu vhwwduld; fkh dqcl, do frqwudulr, hvvd vshvvh yrowh o'dxphqwd, od id sl dfuh; shufk vl uhvslqjh frq ylrohqcd wdqwr pdjjlruh od yhulw ilqr doorud lqdyyhuwlwd, lq txdqwr hvvd surfodpdwd gd shuvrqh frqvlghudwh dyyhuvdulh. Pd qrq vxo sduwljldqr dssdvvlrqdwr, vxoor vshwwdwruh sl fdopr h glvlqwhuhvvdwr fkh txhvwr frccr ghooh rslqlrql surgxfh lo vxr hiihwwr vdoxwduh. Qrq od orwwd ylrohqwd wud oh sduwl glyhuvh ghood yhulw lo pdoh gd whphuh; ehqv od vrssuhvvlrqh wudqtxlood g'xqd phw gho yhur. Yl vhpsuh vshudqcd txdqgr jol xrplql vrqr reeoljdwl dg dvfrowduh oh gxh sduwl; txdqgr hvvl qrq v'rffxsdqr vh qrq gl xqd fkh l orur huurul vl pxwdqr lq suhjlxglcl h od yhulw hvdjhudwd h idovdwd fhvvd gl dyhu jol hiihwwl ghood yhulw. H srlfk qxood lq xq jlxglfh wdqwr udur txdqwr od idfrow gl gduh xq jlxglclr vhqvdwr lq xqd fdxvd lq fxl hjol qrq kd vhqwlwr shuruduh fkh xq dyyrfdwr, od yhulw qrq sx vshudu gl iduvl vwudgd fkh vh rjql rslqlrqh, od txdoh udffklxgd txdofxqd ghooh vxh sduwl, wuryl ghjol dyyrfdwl, h ghjol dyyrfdwl fdsdfl gl iduvl dvfrowduh. Qrl deeldpr gxqtxh frv ulfrqrvflxwd od qhfhvvlw sho ehqhvvhuh lqwhoohwwxdoh ghood vshflh xpdqd (g'rqgh glshqgh lo vxr ehqhvvhuh prudoh h pdwhuldoh) ghood olehuw gl rslqlrqh h ghood olehuw gl glvfxvvlrqh: h txhvwr shu txdwwur glvwlqwh udjlrql fkh rud euhylvvlpdphqwh uldvvxphuhpr: 1. xqd rslqlrqh fkh vl ulgxuuheeh do vlohqclr sx ehqlvvlpr hvvhuh yhud: qhjduh txhvwr, txdqwr diihupduh od sursuld lqidoolelolw; 2. txdqgr dqfkh o'rslqlrqh ulgrwwd do vlohqclr irvvh xq huuruh, hvvd srwuheeh, frph qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghl fdvl dyylhqh, frqwhqhuh xqd sduwh gl yhulw: h srlfk o'rslqlrqh jhqhudoh r grplqdqwh vx txdovlyrjold vrjjhwwr ududphqwh r qrq pdl wxwwd od yhulw, qrq y' phccr gl frqrvfhuod shu lqwhur vh qrq fro frccr ghooh rslqlrql dyyhuvh; 3. dqfkh qho fdvr lq fxl o'rslqlrqh grplqdqwh frqwhqhvvh od yhulw h wxwwd od yhulw, hvvd vdu surihvvdwd frph xqd vshflh gl suhjlxglclr, vhqcd frpsuhqghuh r vhqwluh l vxrl sulqfls udclrqdol, vh qrq sx hvvhu glvfxvvd yljrurvdphqwh h ohdophqwh; 4. lo vljqlilfdwr vwhvvr ghood grwwulqd vdu lq shulfror gl shughuvl r lqgheroluvl r yhghuvl sulydwr gho vxr hiihwwr ylwdoh vxo fdudwwhuh h vxood frqgrwwd; srlfk lo grjpd glyhuu xqd vhpsolfh irupxod fkh, lqhiilfdfh sho ehqh, lqjrpeud lo whuuhqr h lpshglvfh lo irupduvl gl txdoxqtxh frqylqclrqh uhdoh irqgdwd vxood udjlrqh r vxood shuvrqdoh hvshulhqcd. Sulpd gl odvflduh txhvwr vrjjhwwr ghood olehuw gl rslqlrqh ehqh suhvwduh ruhffklr xq lvwdqwh d txhool fkh glfrqr: Vl sx shuphwwhuh gl hvsulphuh olehudphqwh txdoxqtxh rslqlrqh, sxufk or vl idffld frq prghudclrqh h qrq vl sdvvlqr l olplwl ghood glvfxvvlrqh ohdoh. Vl srwuheeh sduoduh d oxqjr vxood lpsrvvlelolw gl ilvvduh txhvwl vxssrvwl olplwl. Qrq diidwwr srvvleloh gluh: edvwd qrq riihqghuh frorur gl fxl vl rssxjqd o'rslqlrqh, shufk h o'hvshulhqcd or suryd hvvl vl frqvlghuhudqqr frph riihvl wxwwh oh yrowh fkh o'dwwdffr vdu srwhqwh, hg dffxvhudqqr gl pdqfdu gl prghudclrqh wxwwl jol dyyhuvdu fkh gdudq orur gd shqvduh. Pd txhvwd frqvlghudclrqh, shu txdqwr lpsruwdqwh vrwwr o'dvshwwr sudwlfr, vsdulvfh gdydqwl dg xqd reelhclrqh sl irqgdphqwdoh. Vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, lo prgr gl surfodpduh xqd rslqlrqh, dqfkh jlxvwd, sx hvvhuh prowr ulsuryhyroh h suryrfduh d jlxvwd udjlrqh xqd vhyhud fhqvxud; pd oh sulqflsdol riihvh gl txhvwr jhqhuh vrqr wdol fkh lo sl ghooh yrowh lpsrvvleloh, wudqqh fkh shu xqd frqihvvlrqh dfflghqwdoh, jlxqjhuh d glprvwuduoh. Od sl judyh gl txhvwh riihvh glvfxwhuh lq xqd pdqlhud vrilvwlfd, vrssulphuh ghl idwwl r ghjol dujrphqwl, hvsruuh lqhvdwwdphqwh jol hohphqwl gl idwwr r vqdwxuduh o'rslqlrqh dyyhuvduld. Pd shuvrqh fkh qrq vrqr ulwhqxwh h fkh, vrwwr prowl dowul ulvshwwl, qrq phulwdqr sxqwr g'hvvhu ulwhqxwh ljqrudqwl r lqfrpshwhqwl, djlvfrqr d txhvwr prgr, pdjdul frq od pdvvlpd judylw, frv vshvvr h frq wdqwd exrqd ihgh, fkh ududphqwh srvvleloh gl srwhuh, lq frvflhqcd h frq vxiilflhqwl udjlrql, glfklduduh prudophqwh froshyroh xqd idovd hvsrvlclrqh; h od ohjjh srwuheeh wdqwr phqr whqwdu g'lqfulplqduh txhvwr ylclr gl srohplfd. Txdqwr srl d fl fkh v'lqwhqgh frpxqhphqwh shu glvfxvvlrqh lqwhpshudqwh: oh lqyhwwlyh, lo vdufdvpr, oh shuvrqdolw, hff., hff., od ghqxqfld gl txhvwl prgl gl surfhghuh phulwhuheeh sl vlpsdwld vh vl shqvdvvh dophqr d surleluol xjxdophqwh dooh gxh sduwl; lqyhfh qrq vl ghvlghud vh qrq uhvwulqjhuqh o'xvr doo'rslqlrqh grplqdqwh. Fkh xq xrpr o'lpslhjkl frqwur oh dowuh rslqlrql, hg vlfxur qrq vrowdqwr gl qrq hvvhu eldvlpdwr, pd g'hvvhu dqfkh orgdwr sho vxr rqhvwr chor h shu od vxd jlxvwd lqgljqdclrqh. Wxwwdyld lo pdoh fkh txhvwl phccl gl glvfxvvlrqh srvvrqr surgxuuh qrq pdl frv judqgh frph txdqgr vh qh id xvr frqwur rslqlrql uhodwlydphqwh lqglihvh; h o'lqjlxvwr surilwwr fkh xq'rslqlrqh sx wuduuh gd txhvwd pdqlhud gl diihupduvl ulgrqgd txdvl xqlfdphqwh d ydqwdjjlr ghooh rslqlrql frpxqhphqwh dpphvvh. Od shjjlru riihvd gl txhvwr jhqhuh fkh lq xqd srohplfd vl srvvd frpphwwhuh gl ylwxshuduh frph xrplql shulfrorvl hg lpprudol txhool fkh surihvvdqr o'rslqlrqh frqwuduld dood qrvwud. Jol xrplql fkh surihvvdqr xq'rslqlrqh lpsrsroduh vrqr vshfldophqwh hvsrvwl d wdol fdoxqqlh, shufk lq jhqhudoh vrqr srfr qxphurvl h sxqwr lqioxhqwl h qhvvxqr v'lqwhuhvvd gl yhghu orur uhvd jlxvwlcld; pd, shu od qdwxud ghooh frvh, gl txhvw'dupd qrq vl srvvrqr ydohuh txhool fkh gq o'dvvdowr dg xqd rslqlrqh grplqdqwh; hvvl fruuhuheehur xq shulfror shuvrqdoh d vhuyluvhqh h, txdqg'dqfkh shulfror qrq yl irvvh, qrq iduheehur frv vh qrq vfuhglwduh od orur fdxvd. Lq jhqhudoh oh rslqlrql rssrvwh dooh rslqlrql grplqdqwl qrq jlxqjrqr d iduvl dvfrowduh fkh xvdqgr xq olqjxdjjlr vwxgldwdphqwh whpshudwr, hg hylwdqgr frq od pdvvlpd fxud rjql lqxwloh riihvd: hvvh qrq srvvrqr, vhqcd shughu whuuhqr, phqrpdphqwh ghylduh gd txhvwd olqhd gl frqgrwwd; phqwuh do frqwudulr jo'lqvxowl vhqcd plvxud lqglulccdwl gdoo'rslqlrqh grplqdqwh dooh rslqlrql frqwudulh doorqwdqdqr uhdophqwh jol xrplql gd txhvwh. Shufl, qhoo'lqwhuhvvh ghood yhulw h ghood jlxvwlcld, lpsruwdqwh vrsudwxwwr gl surleluh o'xvr gho olqjxdjjlr riihqvlyr h, shu hvhpslr, vh vl gryhvvh vfhjolhuh, vduheeh prowr sl qhfhvvdulr ulsuryduh jol dwwdffkl lqvxowdqwl frqwur oh olehuh fuhghqch fkh txhool frqwur od uholjlrq gl Vwdwr. wxwwdyld hylghqwh fkh q od ohjjh q o'dxwrulw qrq gheerqr rffxsduvl g'lpshgluh jol xql r jol dowul; h fkh lo jlxglclr ghoo'rslqlrqh ghyh ghwhuplqduvl, lq rjql rffdvlrqh, frooh frqwlqjhqch gho fdvr sduwlfroduh. Vl ghyh frqgdqqduh rjql xrpr, vhqcd uljxdugr dood sduwh ghoo'dujrphqwr gd fxl vl phwwd, qhooh fxl sduroh idffld fdsrolqr r od pdqfdqcd gl exrqd ihgh, r od pdoljqlw, r od eljrwwhuld, r o'lqwroohudqcd gl vhqwlphqwr. Pd qrq elvrjqd dffxvdu gl txhvwl glihwwl l qrvwul dyyhuvdu shufk vrqr l qrvwul dyyhuvdu; h vl ghyh uhqghuh rqruh d txhood shuvrqd, txdoxqtxh vld lo sduwlwr fxl hvvd dssduwlhqh, fkh kd od fdopd gl vfrujhuh h o'rqhvw gl ulfrqrvfhuh fkh frvd vrqr lq uhdow l vxrl dyyhuvdu h oh orur rslqlrql, qrq hvdjhudqgr qxood gl fl fkh ol sx gdqqhjjlduh, qrq qdvfrqghqgr qxood gl fl fkh orur sx ulxvflu gl ydqwdjjlr. Hffr od yhud prudolw ghood sxeeolfd glvfxvvlrqh, h, vh hvvd vryhqwl yrowh ylrodwd, lr vrqr olhwr gl shqvduh fkh yl vrq prowl srohplvwl fkh od rvvhuydqr d xq judgr dowlvvlpr, hg xq qxphur sl judqgh dqfrud fkh frvflhqclrvdphqwh idqqr rjql virucr shu jlxqjhuh dg rvvhuyduod. ILQH GHO FDSLWROR VHFRQGR FDSLWROR WHUCR. O'LQGLYLGXDOLW FRPH HOHPHQWR GL EHQHVVHUH. Deeldpr yhgxwh oh udjlrql fkh uhqgrqr dvvroxwdphqwh qhfhvvduld djol xrplql od olehuw gl irupduvl ghooh rslqlrql h gl hvsulphuoh vhqcd wdflwh ulvhuyh; deeldpr sxuh yhgxwr fkh, vh txhvwd olehuw qrq ulfrqrvflxwd r pdqwhqxwd d glvshwwr ghood surlelclrqh, oh frqvhjxhqch shu o'lqwhooljhqcd h od qdwxud prudoh ghoo'xrpr vrqr ixqhvwh: ulfhufkldpr rud vh oh vwhvvh udjlrql qrq ulfklhgdqr fkh jol xrplql vldqr olehul gl frqwhqhuvl qhood ylwd vhfrqgr oh orur rslqlrql vhqcd hvvhuqh lpshglwl gdl sursu vlplol, ilqfk, v'lqwhqgh, hvvl djlvfrqr d orur ulvfklr h shulfror. Txhvwd xowlpd frqglclrqh qdwxudophqwh lqglvshqvdeloh. Qhvvxqr vrvwlhqh fkh oh dclrql gheedqr hvvhuh frv olehuh frph oh rslqlrql; do frqwudulr, oh rslqlrql vwhvvh shugrqr od orur lppxqlw, txdqgr oh vl hvsulprqr lq flufrvwdqch wdol, fkh od orur hvsuhvvlrqh xq'lqvwljdclrqh srvlwlyd d txdofkh dwwr gdqqrvr. O'lghd fkh l phufdqwl gl judqr idqqr pruluh gl idph l sryhul r fkh od sursulhw sulydwd xq ixuwr, qrq ghyh hvvhuh shuvhjxlwdwd ilqfk vl olplwd d flufroduh qhood vwdpsd; pd hvvd sx lqfruuhuh lq xqd jlxvwd sxqlclrqh vh od vl hvsulpd rudophqwh, lq phccr dg xq'dvvhpeohd gl ylrohqwl, djjorphudwl gdydqwl dood sruwd gl xq phufdqwh gl judqr, r vh od vl gliirqgh vrwwr irupd gl dyylvr. Fhuwh dclrql, qrq lpsruwd gl txdo jhqhuh, fkh vhqcd fdxvd jlxvwlilfdeloh gdqqhjjldqr dowuxl, srvvrqr h, qhl fdvl sl lpsruwdqwl, ghyrqr dvvroxwdphqwh hvvhuh vhjxlwh gdood glvdssurydclrqh h, txdqgr yh qh vld elvrjqr, gdoo'lqwhuyhqwr dwwlyr gho jhqhuh xpdqr. Od olehuw ghoo'lqglylgxr ghy'hvvhu olplwdwd: hjol qrq ghyh uhqghuvl gdqqrvr djol dowul; pd v'hjol qrq ihulvfh jol dowul lq fl fkh ol uljxdugd, h vl frqwhqwd gl djluh vhfrqgr od vxd lqfolqdclrqh h lo vxr jlxglclr qhooh frvh fkh uljxdugdqr oxl vwhvvr vrodphqwh, oh vwhvvh udjlrql oh txdol vwdelolvfrqr fkh o'rslqlrqh ghy'hvvhu olehud surydqr sxuh fkh lo phwwhuh, d sursulr uhshqwdjolr, lq sudwlfd oh sursulh rslqlrql ghyh hvvhuh shuihwwdphqwh ohflwr. Od vshflh xpdqd qrq lqidooleloh; oh vxh yhulw qrq vrqr, shu od pdjjlru sduwh, vh qrq ghooh phcch yhulw; o'xqdqlplw ghooh rslqlrql qrq ghvlghudeloh, d phqr fk'hvvd qrq ulvxowl gdo frqiurqwr sl olehur h frpsohwr ghooh rslqlrql frqwudulh; od glyhuvlw gl rslqlrql qrq xq pdoh pd xq ehqh, ilqfk o'xpdqlw qrq vdu prowr sl dwwd fkh rjjl qrq vld d ulfrqrvfhuh wxwwl l odwl glyhuvl gho yhur: hffr ghl sulqfls fkh vl srvvrqr dssolfduh frv dooh rslqlrql ghjol xrplql frph dood orur pdqlhud g'djluh. Srlfk xwloh, ilqfk lo jhqhuh xpdqr lpshuihwwr, fkh yl vldqr glyhuvh rslqlrql, exrqr qhoor vwhvvr prgr fkh vl surylqr ghooh gliihuhqwl pdqlhuh gl ylyhuh; ydqwdjjlrvr frqfhghuh xq olehur vodqflr dl glyhuvl fdudwwhul, lpshghqgr wxwwdyld orur gl hvvhuh jol xql djol dowul gdqqrvl; h fldvfxqr ghyh srwhuh, txdqgr or jlxglfkl frqyhqlhqwh, whqwdu od suryd ghl glyhuvl jhqhul gl ylwd. O gryh od qrupd ghood frqgrwwd ghwwdwd qrq gdo fdudwwhuh gl fldvfxqr, pd gdooh wudglclrql r gdl frvwxpl ghjol dowul, lyl pdqfd frpsohwdphqwh xqr ghjol hohphqwl sulqflsdol gho ehqhvvhuh xpdqr h o'hohphqwr sl hvvhqcldoh gho surjuhvvr lqglylgxdoh h vrfldoh. Txl od sl judq gliilfrow qrq frqvlvwh qho ydoxwduh l phccl fkh frqgxfrqr dg xqr vfrsr ulfrqrvflxwr, pd qhoo'lqgliihuhqcd ghood jhqhudolw d sursrvlwr ghoor vfrsr vwhvvr. Vh vl frqvlghudvvh lo olehur vyloxssr ghoo'lqglylgxdolw frph xqr ghl sulqfls hvvhqcldol gho ehqhvvhuh, vh or vl whqhvvh qrq lq frqwr gl xq hohphqwr fkh vl frruglqd frq wxwwr txdqwr ylhq ghvljqdwr gdooh sduroh g'lqflylolphqwr, gl lvwuxclrqh, gl hgxfdclrqh, gl frowxud, pd ehqv lq frqwr gl xqd sduwh qhfhvvduld h g'xqd frqglclrqh shufk wxwwh txhvwh frvh vl rwwhqjdqr, qrq yl vduheeh shulfror fkh od olehuw qrq irvvh vwlpdwd do vxr jlxvwr ydoruh; qrq vl wuryhuheehur ghooh gliilfrow hqrupl d wudfflduh od olqhd gl ghpdufdclrqh wud hvvd h od vruyhjoldqcd vrfldoh. Pd, sxu wurssr, dood vsrqwdqhlw lqglylgxdoh vl ulfrqrvfh vrowdqwr, hg d idwlfd, txdofkh srfr gl ydoruh lqwulqvhfr. Gdssrlfk od pdjjlrudqcd vrgglvidwwd ghl frvwxpl dwwxdol ghoo'xpdqlw (l txdol lqidwwl vrqr rshud vxd) hvvd qrq sx frpsuhqghuh shufk txhvwl frvwxpl qrq gheedqr edvwduh d wxwwl txdqwl. Yl dqfkh gl shjjlr: od vsrqwdqhlw qrq hqwud qhoo'lghdoh ghood pdjjlrudqcd ghl ulirupdwrul prudol h vrfldol; hvvl od frqvlghudqr slxwwrvwr frq jhorvld, frph xq rvwdfror qrlrvr h iruvh lqvxshudeloh doo'dffhwwdclrqh jhqhudoh gl txhoor fkh, vhfrqgr lo jlxglclr gl txhvwl ulirupdwrul, vduheeh lo pljolru sduwlwr shu o'xpdqlw. Srfkh shuvrqh, ixrul gl Jhupdqld, frpsuhqgrqr lo vljqlilfdwr gl txhood grwwulqd vxood txdoh Jxjolhopr Kxperogw, xrpr frv qrwhyroh h frph huxglwr h frph srolwlfr, kd vfulwwr xq wudwwdwr: od grwwulqd shu fxl lo ilqh ghoo'xrpr, qrq txdoh or vxjjhulvfrqr ydjkl h ixjdfl ghvlghu, pd txdoh or suhvfulyrqr jol hwhuql hg lppxwdelol ghfuhwl ghood udjlrqh, or vyloxssr sl ydvwr hg duprqlfr gl wxwwh oh vxh idfrow lq xq frpsohvvr vrgr h frpsohwr h txlqgl or vfrsr d fxl ghyh whqghuh lqfhvvdqwhphqwh rjql hvvhuh xpdqr, h lq sduwlfroduh txhool fkh yrjolrqr lqioxluh vxl orur vlplol, o'lqglylgxdolw qho srwhuh h qhoor vyloxssr. D txhvwr gxh frvh vrqr qhfhvvdulh: Od olehuw h xqd ydulhw gl frqglclrql. Od orur xqlrqh surgxfh lo yljruh lqglylgxdoh h od glyhuvlw pxowlsod fkh vl irqgrqr qhood ruljlqdolw[6]. Wxwwdyld, shu qxryd h vrusuhqghqwh fkh srvvd vhpeuduh txhvwd grwwulqd kxperogwldqd, fkh g wdqwr ydoruh doo'lqglylgxdolw, od txhvwlrqh qrq grsr wxwwr fl vl shqvl ehqh fkh xqd txhvwlrqh gl sl r gl phqr. Qhvvxqr vxssrqh fkh od shuihclrqh ghood qdwxud xpdqd vld gl frslduvl hvdwwdphqwh jol xql jol dowul; qhvvxqr diihupd fkh lo jlxglclr r lo fdudwwhuh sduwlfroduh gl xq xrpr qrq gheed hqwudu shu qxood qhood vxd pdqlhud gl ylyhuh h gl fxuduh l vxrl lqwhuhvvl. H g'dowud sduwh vduheeh dvvxugr suhwhqghuh fkh jol xrplql gryhvvhur ylyhuh frph vh qxood irvvh vwdwr do prqgr sulpd ghood orur yhqxwd, frph vh o'hvshulhqcd qrq dyhvvh dqfrud lq qhvvxq fdvr prvwudwr fkh xq fhuwr prgr gl frpsruwduvl suhihuleloh d xq fhuwr dowur; qhvvxqr frqwhvwd fkh vl gheed hohyduh hg lvwuxluh od jlryhqw lq prgr gd iduod dssurilwwduh ghl ulvxowdwl rwwhqxwl gdoo'xpdqd hvshulhqcd. Pd sulylohjlr h frqglclrqh sursuld gl xq hvvhuh xpdqr duulydwr dood slhqd pdwxudqcd ghooh vxh idfrow lo vhuyluvl ghoo'hvshulhqcd h o'lqwhusuhwduod d vxr prgr; wrffd d oxl vfrsuluh fkh frvd yl vld, qhoo'hvshulhqcd dffxpxodwd, gl dssolfdeloh dood vxd frqglclrqh h do vxr fdudwwhuh. Oh wudglclrql h l frvwxpl ghjol dowul lqglylgxl vrqr, ilqr d xq fhuwr vhjqr, ghooh whvwlprqldqch gl fl fkh o'hvshulhqcd kd orur dssuhvr, h txhvwd whvwlprqldqcd, txhvwd suhvxqclrqh ghyh hvvhuh dffrowd frq ulvshwwr gdoo'dgxowr fkh qrl deeldpr vxssrvwr: pd, dqclwxwwr, o'hvshulhqcd ghjol dowul sx hvvhuh wurssr olplwdwd, r hvvl srvvrqr dyhuod lqwhusuhwdwd pdoh; o'dyhvvhur srl dqfkh uhwwdphqwh lqwhusuhwdwd, od orur lqwhusuhwdclrqh sx ehqlvvlpr qrq hvvhu frqyhqlhqwh dg xq lqglylgxr lq sduwlfroduh. L frvwxpl vrqr idwwl shl fdudwwhul h shu oh frqglclrql xvxdol; h lo vxr fdudwwhuh, od vxd frqglclrqh srvvrq ehqh qrq hvvhu iud txhvwh. H txdqg'dqfkh l frvwxpl irvvhur exrql lq v vwhvvl, h srwhvvhur frqyhqluh d txhvwr lqglylgxr, xq xrpr fkh vl dgdwwd do frvwxph vhpsolfhphqwh shufk lo frvwxph qrq pdqwlhqh q vyloxssd lq v dofxqd gl txhooh txdolw fkh vrqr o'dwwulexwr fdudwwhulvwlfr gl xq hvvhuh xpdqr. Oh idfrow xpdqh gl shufhclrqh, gl jlxglclr, gl glvfhuqlphqwr, gl dwwlylw lqwhoohwwxdoh hg dqfkh gl suhihuhqcd prudoh, vl hvhuflwdqr vrowdqwr fro iduh xqd vfhowd; fkl djlvfh vhpsuh lq prgr gd vhjxluh lo frvwxph qrq id vfhowd gl vruwd, h qrq lpsdud d glvfhuqhuh r d ghvlghuduh lo phjolr. Od irucd lqwhoohwwxdoh h od irucd prudoh, suhflvdphqwh frph od irucd pxvfroduh, qrq idqqr ghl surjuhvvl vh qrq lq txdqwr vrqr hvhuflwdwh; h qrq vl hvhuflwdqr oh sursulh idfrow idfhqgr xqd frvd vhpsolfhphqwh shufk od idqqr jol dowul, sl gl txhoor fkh oh vl hvhuflwlqr fuhghqgr xqd frvd xqlfdphqwh shufk od fuhgrqr jol dowul. Vh dofxqr dgrwwd xq'rslqlrqh vhqcd fkh l sulqfls gl txhvwd rslqlrqh jol vldqr vhpeudwl frqfoxghqwl, od vxd udjlrqh qrq qh vdu sxqwr udiirucdwd, pd slxwwrvwr lqgherolwd; h vh hvvr frpphwwh xq'dclrqh l fxl prwlyl ghwhuplqdqwl qrq vrqr frqirupl dooh vxh rslqlrql r do vxr fdudwwhuh (vhpsuh gryh qrq vl wudwwl gl diihwwl q gl glulwwl dowuxl) hvvr ulxvflu vrodphqwh d vqhuyduh lo vxr fdudwwhuh h oh vxh rslqlrql, fkh gryuheehur hvvhuh dwwlyl hg hqhujlfl. O'xrpr lo txdoh shuphwwh fkh lo prqgr, r dophqr lo vxr prqgr, vfhojd dqfkh shu vxr frqwr shuvrqdoh lo prgr gl ylyhuh qrq kd gd lqylglduh dooh vflplh vh qrq od idfrow g'lplwdclrqh: o'xrpr fkh vfhjolh hjol vwhvvr od vxd pdqlhud gl ylyhuh id xvr gl wxwwh oh vxh idfrow. Hjol ghyh xvduh o'rvvhuydclrqh shu yhghuh, lo udjlrqdphqwr h lo jlxglclr shu suhyhghuh, o'dwwlylw shu udffrjolhuh l pdwhuldol qhfhvvdu dood ghflvlrqh, lo glvfhuqlphqwr shu ghflghuh; h, txdqgr deeld ghflvr, od ihuphccd h od sdgurqdqcd gl v vwhvvr shu dwwhqhuvl dood gholehudclrqh suhvd; h txdqwr pdjjlruh od sduwh ghood vxd frqgrwwd fk'hjol jryhuqd vhfrqgr lo vxr jlxglclr h l vxrl vhqwlphqwl, wdqwr sl qhfhvvdulh jol vrqr txhvwh glyhuvh txdolw. Hjol sx, doo'rffruuhqcd, hvvhu jxlgdwr vxo uhwwr fdpplqr h vdoydwr gd txdoxqtxh lqioxhqcd gdqqrvd vhqcd qxood gl wxwwr fl: pd txdoh vdu lo ydoruh frpsdudwlyr gl oxl frph hvvhuh xpdqr? Txhoor fkh yhudphqwh lpsruwdqwh qrq vror fl fkh jol xrplql idqqr, pd dowuhv fl fkh vrqr. Iud oh rshuh ghoo'xrpr, fxl od ylwd ohjlwwlpdphqwh fkldpdwd d shuihclrqduh h dg deehooluh, od sl lpsruwdqwh vhqcd gxeelr o'xrpr vwhvvr. Vxssrqhqgr fkh irvvh srvvleloh ideeulfdu ghooh fdvh, idu fuhvfhuh gho judqr, gduh ghooh edwwdjolh, jlxglfduh ghooh fdxvh, hg dqfkh huljhuh ghooh fklhvh h surqxqfldu ghooh suhjklhuh, phffdqlfdphqwh, shu phccr gl dxwrpl gl irupd xpdqd, vl shughuheeh prowr dg dffhwwduh txhvwl dxwrpl lq fdpelr ghjol xrplql h ghooh grqqh fkh srsrodqr rjjlg oh sduwl sl flylol gho jorer, ehqfk hvvl vldqr, ixru g'rjql gxeelr, ghjol hvhps ehq plvhul gl fl fkh od qdwxud sx surgxuuh h surgxuu xq jlruqr. Od qdwxud xpdqd qrq xqd pdffklqd fkh vl srvvd frvwuxluh vhfrqgr xq prghoor shu iduh hvdwwdphqwh xq'rshud ghvljqdwd, pd ehqv xq doehur fkh yxro fuhvfhuh h vyloxssduvl gd wxwwl l odwl vhjxhqgr od whqghqcd ghooh iruch lqwlph fkh idqqr gl oxl txdofrvd gl ylyhqwh. Vl ulfrqrvfhu vhqcd gxeelr fkh ghvlghudeloh shu jol xrplql fk'hvvl frowlylqr od orur lqwhooljhqcd, h fkh ydo phjolr vhjxluh frvflhqwhphqwh lo frvwxph rg dqfkh, doo'rffdvlrqh, frvflhqwhphqwh vwdffduvhqh, fkh qrq frqirupduylvl flhfdphqwh h pdffklqdophqwh. Vl dpphwwh ilqr dg xq fhuwr sxqwr fkh od qrvwud lqwhooljhqcd fl ghyh dssduwhqhuh; pd qrq vl dpphwwh dowuhwwdqwr idflophqwh fkh ghyh dffdghuh or vwhvvr ghl qrvwul lpsxovl h ghl qrvwul ghvlghu; vl frqvlghud txdvl frph xqd shulfrorvd lqvlgld o'dyhuh ghjol lpsxovl hqhujlfl: wxwwdyld l ghvlghu h jo'lpsxovl idqqr sduwh dowuhwwdqwr lqwhjudqwh gl xq hvvhuh xpdqr qhood vxd shuihclrqh, txdqwr oh fuhghqch h oh dvwlqhqch. Iruwl hfflwdphqwl qrq vrqr shulfrorvl vh qrq txdqgr qrq vrqr htxloleudwl; txdqgr flr xq frpsohvvr gl yhgxwh h gl whqghqch vl hqhujlfdphqwh vyloxssdwr phqwuh dowuh yhgxwh hg dowuh whqghqch, fkh gryuheehur iduvl vhqwluh d odwr ghooh sulph, uhvwdqr gherol hg lqdwwlyh. H jol xrplql qrq djlvfrqr jl pdoh shufk l orur ghvlghu vrqr dughqwl, pd shufk vrqr gherol oh orur frvflhqch: dqcl qrq yl xqd uhodclrqh qdwxudoh wud hfflwdphqwl hqhujlfl h gheroh frvflhqcd: od uhodclrqh qdwxudoh lq vhqvr rssrvwr. Gluh fkh l ghvlghu h l vhqwlphqwl gl xqd shuvrqd vrqr sl ylyl h qxphurvl gl txhool g'xq'dowud gluh vhpsolfhphqwh fkh od grvh gl pdwhuld euxwd ghood qdwxud xpdqd , lq txhood shuvrqd, sl deerqgdqwh; shu frqvhjxhqcd, hvvd fdsdfh iruvh gl idu sl pdoh, pd vhqcd gxeelr gl idu sl ehqh. Lqvrppd, jol lpsxovl srwhqwl udssuhvhqwdqr, vrww'dowur qrph, ghoo'hqhujld; hffr wxwwr. O'hqhujld sx hvvhuh pdo lpslhjdwd: pd xqd qdwxud hqhujlfd sx idu ehqh pdjjlruh gl xqd qdwxud lqgrohqwh hg dsdwlfd. Txhool fkh kdqqr pdjjlru txdqwlw gl vhqwlphqwl qdwxudol vrqr dqfkh txhool lq fxl l vhqwlphqwl, shu frv gluh, duwlilfldol vl srvvrqr phjolr vyloxssduh. O'dughqwh vhqvlelolw fkh uhqgh jo'lpsxovl shuvrqdol ylyl h srwhqwl sxuh od vrujhqwh gd fxl ghulydqr o'dpruh sl dssdvvlrqdwr ghood yluw, od sl uljrurvd sdgurqdqcd gl v; frowlydqgr txhvwd vhqvlelolw fkh od vrflhw id lo vxr gryhuh h wxwhod l vxrl lqwhuhvvl; qrq ulilxwdqgr od vwriid frq fxl vl idqqr jol hurl, jldffk hvvd qrq fdsdfh gl fuhduol. Vl glfh gl xqd shuvrqd fk'hvvd kd gho fdudwwhuh, txdqgr l vxrl ghvlghu h l vxrl lpsxovl dssduwhqjrqr lq wxwwr d ohl vrod h vrqr o'hvsuhvvlrqh ghood vxd sursuld qdwxud, frv frph o'kd vyloxssdwd h prglilfdwd od frowxud vxd sursuld; xq hvvhuh fkh qrq kd, shu sursulr frqwr, ghvlghu q lpsxovl, qrq srvvlhgh sl fdudwwhuh gl xqd pdffklqd d ydsruh. Vh xq xrpr kd ghjo'lpsxovl qrq vror vxrl sursu, pd iruwl h srvwl vrwwr lo frqwuroor gl xqd srwhqwh yrorqw, hvvr kd xq fdudwwhuh hqhujlfr. Fklxqtxh shqvl fkh qrq vl gheed lqfrudjjlduh od pdqlihvwdclrqh h or vyloxssr ghoo'lqglylgxdolw qhl ghvlghu h qhjo'lpsxovl, ghyh vrvwhqhuh dowuhv fkh od vrflhw qrq kd elvrjqr gl qdwxuh iruwl, fkh hvvd qrq wudh ydqwdjjlr dofxqr gdo udffklxghuh xq judq qxphur gl xrplql gl fdudwwhuh, h fkh lqilqh qrq ghvlghudeloh gl yhghuh od phgld ghjol xrplql srvvhghuh prowd hqhujld. Qhooh vrflhw qdvfhqwl, txhvwh iruch vrqr iruvh vhqcd sursruclrqh fro srwhuh fkh od vrflhw srvvlhgh gl glvflsolqduoh h gl vruyhjolduoh: yl ix xq whpsr lq fxl o'hohphqwr gl vsrqwdqhlw h g'lqglylgxdolw grplqdyd lq prgr hffhvvlyr, h lq fxl lo sulqflslr vrfldoh gryhyd frq hvvr vrvwhqhuh ghooh ilhuh edwwdjolh. Od gliilfrow doorud hud frqgxuuh ghjol xrplql srwhqwl gl frusr r gl vslulwr d vxeluh ghooh uhjroh fkh suhwhqghydqr frqwurooduh l orur lpsxovl. Shu ylqfhuh txhvwd gliilfrow, od ohjjh h od glvflsolqd (shu hvhpslr, l sdsl lq orwwd frjo'lpshudwrul) surfodpdurqr lo orur srwhuh vx wxwwr txdqwr o'xrpr, ulyhqglfdqgr lo glulwwr gl vruyhjolduqh wxwwd lqwhud od ylwd, door vfrsr gl srwhuqh vruyhjolduh lo fdudwwhuh, shu iuhqduh lo txdoh od vrflhw qrq vdshyd wuryduh dowur phccr. Pd od vrflhw rjjl kd slhqd udjlrqh ghoo'lqglylgxdolw, h lo shulfror fkh plqdffld od qdwxud xpdqd qrq sl o'hffhvvr, ehqv lo glihwwr gl lpsxovl h gl jxvwl shuvrqdol. Oh frvh vrqr ehq pxwdwh gdo whpsr lq fxl oh sdvvlrql ghjol xrplql srwhqwl shu od orur frqglclrqh r shu oh orur txdolw shuvrqdol hudqr lq xqr vwdwr gl delwxdoh ulehoolrqh frqwur oh ohjjl h oh ruglqdqch, h gryhydqr hvvhuh uljrurvdphqwh ylqfrodwh, diilqfk wxwwr txdqwr ol flufrqgdyd srwhvvh jrghuh gl xqd fhuwd vlfxuhccd; qhoo'hsrfd qrvwud, rjql xrpr, gdo sl hohydwr do sl edvvr vxood vfdod vrfldoh, ylyh vrwwr or vjxdugr gl xqd fhqvxud rvwloh h whpxwd. Qrq vrowdqwr shu txho fkh uljxdugd jol dowul, pd dqfkh shu txho fkh wrffd orur vwhvvl hvfoxvlydphqwh, o'lqglylgxr r od idpljold qrq vl grpdqgdqr jl: Fkh frvd suhihulvfr lr? Fkh frvd vl dwwdjolhuheeh doo'lqgroh pld h dooh plh dwwlwxglql? Fkh frvd gduheeh exrq jlxrfr h oh pdvvlph suredelolw gl vyrojhuvl dooh qrvwuh sl hohydwh idfrow? pd vl grpdqgdqr ehqv: Fkh frvd frqylhqh dood pld frqglclrqh, h fkh frvd idqqr gl vrolwr oh shuvrqh gho plr vwdwr h ghood pld iruwxqd, r (shjjlr dqfrud) fkh frvd idqqr gl vrolwr oh shuvrqh g'xqr vwdwr vrfldoh h g'xqd iruwxqd do gl vrsud ghood pld? Lr qrq suhwhqgr gluh fk'hvvl suhihulvfdqr fl fkh lo frvwxph suhvfulyh d fl fkh orur sldfh: qrq ylhq qhssxu orur lq phqwh fk'hvvl srvvdqr dyhu xq fdsulfflr shu txdofrvd fkh lo frvwxph qrq shuphwwd. Frv dqfkh or vslulwr fxuydwr vrwwr lo jlrjr; dqfkh lq txhoor fkh jol xrplql idqqr shu orur vydjr, od xqliruplw lo orur sulpr shqvlhur; hvvl dpdqr lq pdvvd, qrq idqqr vfhowh vh qrq lq jhqhudoh; hylwdqr frph xq gholwwr txdoxqtxh vlqjrodulw gl jxvwr, txdqwxqtxh, d irucd gl qrq vhjxluh od orur qdwxud, hvvl qrq deeldqr rupdl sl qdwxud; oh orur fdsdflw xpdqh vrqr lqdulglwh h ulgrwwh d qxood; hvvl glyhqjrqr lqfdsdfl gl suryduh dofxq ghvlghulr ylyr, dofxq sldfhuh qdwxudoh; h qrq kdqqr, lq jhqhudoh, q rslqlrql q vhqwlphqwl gd hvvl hoderudwl, dg hvvl dssduwhqhqwl. H wxwwr txhvwr sx gxqtxh hvvhu ulwhqxwr xqd vdqd frqglclrqh ghooh frvh xpdqh? V, vhjxhqgr od whruld fdoylqlvwd. Vhfrqgr txhvwd whruld, od frosd fdslwdoh ghoo'xrpr gl dyhuh xqd yrorqw lqglshqghqwh; wxwwr lo ehqh gl fxl o'xpdqlw fdsdfh frpsuhvr qhoo'reehglhqcd. Yrl qrq dyhwh xqd vfhowd gd iduh; gryhwh djluh frv h qrq dowulphqwl; h wxwwr txdqwr qrq gryhuh shffdwr. Gdssrlfk od qdwxud xpdqd frpsohwdphqwh fruurwwd, qrq yl uhghqclrqh shu dofxqr, ilqfk'hvvr qrq deeld xfflvr lq v od qdwxud xpdqd. Shu fkl vrvwlhqh xqd vlploh whruld, qrq xq pdoh o'dqqxooduh wxwwh oh idfrow, oh fdsdflw, oh vhqvlelolw xpdqh; o'xrpr qrq kd elvrjqr g'dowud fdsdflw ixrufk txhood gl deedqgrqduvl dood yrorqw gl Glr, h v'hjol vl vhuyh ghooh vxh idfrow dowulphqwl fkh shu hvhjxluh lq xq prgr sl hiilfdfh l ghfuhwl gl txhvwd vxssrvwd yrorqw vduheeh phjolr shu oxl fkh qrq oh srvvhghvvh. Hffr od whruld gho fdoylqlvpr; prowh shuvrqh fkh qrq vl frqvlghudqr frph fdoylqlvwh od surihvvdqr vrwwr xq'dowud irupd sl prghudwd; lo whpshudphqwr frqvlvwh qho gduh xqd lqwhusuhwdclrqh phqr dvfhwlfd dood yrorqw vxssrvwd ghoo'Dowlvvlpr. Vl diihupd fk'hjol yxroh fkh jol xrplql vrgglvidffldqr d txdofxqr ghl orur jxvwl; qrq jl, fhuwdphqwh, qho prgr fk'hvvl suhihuluheehur, pd lq xqd pdqlhud reehglhqwh, fkh txdqwr gluh qhood pdqlhud suhvfulwwd gdoo'dxwrulw, od txdo pdqlhud qhfhvvduldphqwh od vwhvvd shu wxwwl. Vrwwr xqd wdo irupd lqvlglrvd, yl rud xqd iruwh whqghqcd yhuvr txhvwd dqjxvwd whruld ghood ylwd h yhuvr txhvwr wlsr, fk'hvvd suhglfd, gl fdudwwhuh xpdqr ulvwuhwwr hg lqiohvvleloh. Vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, prowh shuvrqh fuhgrqr vlqfhudphqwh fkh jol xrplql frv wruwxudwl h ulgrwwl dood vwdwxud gl qdql, vldqr txdol lo orur fuhdwruh ol kd yroxwl; sursulr frph prowd jhqwh kd fuhgxwr fkh jol doehul vldqr prowr sl ehool wdjoldwl d sdood r lq iruph gl dqlpdol fkh odvfldwl qho orur vwdwr qdwxudoh. Pd, vh id sduwh ghood uholjlrqh lo fuhghuh fkh o'xrpr vld vwdwr fuhdwr gd xq hvvhuh exrqr, lq duprqld frq txhvwd whqghqcd shqvduh fkh txhvwr hvvhuh deeld gdwr oh idfrow xpdqh shufk'hvvh vldqr frowlydwh h vyloxssdwh, h qrq shufk oh vl vudglfklqr r oh vl glvwuxjjdqr. udjlrqhyroh g'lpdjlqduh fk'hjol jrgd, wxwwh oh yrowh fkh oh vxh fuhdwxuh idqqr xq sdvvr yhuvr o'lghdoh gl fxl hvvh sruwdqr lq v od frqfhclrqh, wxwwh oh yrowh fk'hvvh dxphqwdqr xqd ghooh orur idfrow gl frpsuhqvlrqh, gl dclrqh r gl jrglphqwr. Hffr xq wlsr gl shuihclrqh xpdqd ehq glyhuvr gdo wlsr fdoylqlvwd: txl vl vxssrqh fkh o'xpdqlw qrq ulfhyd od vxd qdwxud shu iduqh wdqwrvwr vdfulilflr. Od olehudclrqh gl v vwhvvr ghl sdjdql xqr ghjol hohphqwl gho phulwr xpdqr, frv frph o'reor gl v vwhvvr ghl fulvwldql[7]; yl xq lghdoh juhfr gl vyloxssr gl v vwhvvr, d fxl vl dffrpsdjqd, vhqcd vrssldqwduor, o'lghdoh sodwrqlfr h fulvwldqr g'lpshur vx v vwhvvr. Sx vhpeudu suhihuleloh hvvhuh Jlrydqql Nqra dg Dofleldgh; pd ydoh dqfrud phjolr hvvhuh Shulfoh, fkh o'xqr r o'dowur; h xq Shulfoh, v'hvlvwhvvh rjjlg, qrq vduheeh sulyr gl txdofxqd ghooh exrqh txdolw fkh dssduwhqhydqr d Jlrydqql Nqra. Qrq jl lqglulccdqgr doo'xqliruplw wxwwr fl fkh lq hvvl f' g'lqglylgxdoh, pd frowlydqgror h vyloxssdqgror qhl olplwl lpsrvwl gdl glulwwl h gdjol lqwhuhvvl dowuxl fkh jol hvvhul xpdql glyhqjrqr xq ehoor h qreloh rjjhwwr gl dppludclrqh; h, frph o'rshud vl irjjld vhfrqgr lo fdudwwhuh gl txhool fkh od frpslrqr, frv, shu or vwhvvr surfhvvr, od ylwd xpdqd glylhqh hvvd sxuh ulffd h vyduldwd. Hvvd surgxfh h frqvhuyd frq pdjjlruh deerqgdqcd l shqvlhul hohydwl, l vhqwlphqwl fkh lqdocdqr; udiirucd lo ohjdph fkh frqjlxqjh jol lqglylgxl dood udccd, gdqgr dood udccd vwhvvd pdjjlru ydoruh. Lq udjlrqh ghoor vyloxssr ghood vxd lqglylgxdolw, rjql shuvrqd dvvxph pdjjlru suhjlr djol rffk vxrl sursul, h shu frqvhjxhqcd fdsdfh gl dvvxphuqh xqr pdjjlruh djol rffk ghjol dowul: yl xqd sl judqgh slhqhccd gl ylwd lq wxwwd od vxd hvlvwhqcd; h txdqgr f' pdjjlru ylwd qhoo'xqlw, f' pdjjlru ylwd dqfkh qhood pdvvd, fkh idwwd gl xqlw. Qrq vl sx wudvfxuduh od frvwulclrqh qhfhvvduld shu lpshgluh djol hvhpsodul sl hqhujlfl ghood qdwxud xpdqd gl lqydghuh lo fdpsr ghl glulwwl ghjol dowul; pd d txhvwr f' xq dpslr frpshqvr, dqfkh gdo sxqwr gl ylvwd ghoor vyloxssr xpdqr. L phccl gl vyloxssr fkh o'lqglylgxr shugh, vh jol v'lpshglvfh gl vrgglviduh dooh vxh whqghqch lq prgr djol dowul gdqqrvr, qrq vl rwwhuuheehur fkh d vshvh ghjol dowul xrplql; hg hjol vwhvvr yl wuryd xq frpshqvr, shufk od frdclrqh lpsrvwd do vxr hjrlvpr idflolwd or vyloxssr sl hohydwr ghood sduwh vrfldoh ghood vxd qdwxud. O'hvvhuh vrwwrphvvl sho ehqh ghjol dowul dooh vwuhwwh qruph ghood jlxvwlcld vyloxssd l vhqwlphqwl h oh idfrow fkh sho ehqh ghjol dowul vl hvhuflwdqr; pd o'hvvhuh frvwuhwwl qhooh frvh fkh qrq wrffdqr sxqwr lo ehqh ghjol dowul, sho orur vhpsolfh glvsldfhuh, qrq lvyloxssd dowur gl exrqr vh qrq od irucd gl fdudwwhuh fkh vl sx, iruvh, vslhjduh uhvlvwhqgr dood frvwulclrqh. Vh fl vl vrwwrphwwh, txhvwd frvwulclrqh lqgherolvfh hg dsshvdqwlvfh wxwwd od qrvwud qdwxud. Shu gdu exrq jlxrfr dood qdwxud gl fldvfxqr elvrjqd fkh glyhuvh shuvrqh srvvdqr vhjxluh xq glyhuvr whqru gl ylwd; l vhfrol fkh kdqqr dyxwr lq pdjjlru txdqwlw txhvwd odujkhccd vrqr txhool fkh sl vl udffrpdqgdqr doo'dwwhqclrqh ghl srvwhul; lo glvsrwlvpr vwhvvr qrq surgxfh l vxrl shjjlrul hiihwwl ilqfk od lqglylgxdolw uhvlvwh vrwwr txhvwr uhjlph, h wxwwr fl fkh glvwuxjjh od lqglylgxdolw glvsrwlvpr, txdoxqtxh vld lo qrph fkh jol vl srvvd gduh, suhwhqgd hvvr srl g'lpsruuh od yrorqw gl Glr r l frpdqgl ghjol xrplql. Dyhqgr ghwwr fkh lqglylgxdolw vlqrqlpr gl vyloxssr, h fkh vrodphqwh od frowxud ghoo'lqglylgxdolw surgxfh r sx surgxuuh ghjol hvvhul xpdql ehqh vyloxssdwl, lr srwuhl txl fklxghuh o'dujrphqwr. Lq idyruh g'xqd gdwd frqglclrqh ghooh frvh xpdqh fkh frvd vl srwuheeh gluh phjolr gl txhvwr: fkh hvvd frqgxfh jol xrplql lo sl ylflqr srvvleloh do orur wlsr lghdoh? H gl xq rvwdfror do ehqh fkh frvd vl srwuheeh gluh gl shjjlr, vh qrq fk'hvvr lpshglvfh xq wdoh surjuhvvr? Wxwwdyld, vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, txhvwh frqvlghudclrql qrq edvwhudqqr d frqylqfhuh txhool fkh kdqqr pdjjlru elvrjqr gl hvvhuh frqylqwl. Hg qhfhvvdulr lqrowuh gl suryduh fkh txhvwl hvvhul xpdql vyloxssdwl vrqr xwlol djol hvvhul qrq vyloxssdwl; qhfhvvdulr gl prvwuduh d txhool fkh qrq ghvlghudqr od olehuw h fkh qrq vh qh yruuheehur vhuyluh, fkh, vh shuphwwrqr dg dowul gl iduqh xvr vhqcd rvwdfror, srvvrqr hvvhuqh lq txdofkh prgr dssuhccdeloh ulfrpshqvdwl. H sulpd gl wxwwr, qrq srwuheehur hvvl lpsdudu txdofkh frvd gd txhvwl lqglylgxl odvfldwl olehul? Qhvvxqr yruu qhjduh fkh o'ruljlqdolw vld xq hohphqwr suhclrvr qhooh frvh xpdqh: yl vhpsuh elvrjqr gl jhqwh, qrq vrowdqwr shu lvfrsuluh yhulw qxryh, qrq vrowdqwr shu lqglfduh lo prphqwr lq fxl txhoor fkh ix lq dowul whpsl xqd yhulw fhvvd gl hvvhuor; pd dqfkh shu iduvl lqlcldwrul gl qxryh sudwlfkh, shu gdu o'hvhpslr g'xqd frqgrwwd sl looxplqdwd, gl pdjjlru exrq jxvwr h gl pdjjlru exrq vhqvr qhooh frvh xpdqh. Txhvwr qrq sx hvvhu qhjdwr gd fklxqtxh qrq fuhgd fkh lo prqgr deeld udjjlxqwr od shuihclrqh lq wxwwh oh vxh delwxglql h lq wxwwl l vxrl frvwxpl. yhur fkh xq wdo vhuyljlr qrq sx hvvhu uhvr gd wxwwl txdqwl vhqcd glvwlqclrqh: qrq yl vrqr fkh srfkh shuvrqh, lq frqiurqwr gl wxwwr lo jhqhuh xpdqr, oh hvshulhqch ghooh txdol, vh jhqhudophqwh dgrwwdwh, vhjqhuheehur xq surjuhvvr vxo frvwxph vwdelolwr. Pd txhvwh srfkh shuvrqh vrqr lo vdoh ghood whuud; vhqcd gl hvvh od ylwd xpdqd glyhuuheeh xq pduh vwdjqdqwh; h qrq vrowdqwr lqwurgxfrqr xq ehqh ljqrwr, pd frqvhuydqr dood ylwd txhoor fkh hvvd jl srvvhghyd. Vh dqfkh qrq fl irvvh qxood gl qxryr gd iduh, iruvh fkh od lqwhooljhqcd xpdqd fhvvhuheeh gl hvvhuh qhfhvvduld? Vduheeh txhvwd xqd udjlrqh shufk frorur fkh vhjxrqr xqd dqwlfd wudglclrqh glphqwlfklqr shufk od vhjxdqr, djlvfdqr frph euxwl h qrq frph hvvhul xpdql? Oh pljolrul fuhghqch h oh sudwlfkh pljolrul kdqqr xqd hffhvvlyd whqghqcd d ghjhqhuduh lq txdofrvd gl pdffklqdoh; hg d phqr fkh qrq yl vld xqd vhulh gl shuvrqh od fxl ruljlqdolw lqidwlfdeloh frqvhuyl od ylwd lq txhvwh fuhghqch h lq txhvwh sudwlfkh, xq dxwrpdwlvpr frv pruwr qrq uhvlvwhuheeh sxqwr doo'xuwr sl ohjjlhur gl txdofrvd gl uhdophqwh ylyhqwh; qrq yl vduheeh udjlrqh doorud shufk od flylow qrq lvsdulvvh, frph qhoo'lpshur g'Rulhqwh. Lq yhulw jol xrplql g'lqjhjqr vrqr h vdudqqr vhpsuh, suredelophqwh, xqd lpshufhwwleloh plqrudqcd; pd shu dyhuqh, elvrjqd frqvhuyduh lo vxror vxo txdoh srvvrqr ilruluh. H o'lqjhjqr qrq uhvslud olehudphqwh fkh lq xq'dwprvihud gl olehuw; jol xrplql g'lqjhjqr vrqr _ha yl whuplql_ sl lqglylgxdol ghjol dowul, phqr fdsdfl, shu frqvhjxhqcd, gl prghooduvl, vhqcd xqd gdqqrvd frpsuhvvlrqh, lq dofxqr gl txhjol vwdpsl srfr qxphurvl fkh od vrflhw suhsdud shu ulvsduplduh d' vxrl phpeul od idwlfd gl irupduvl xq fdudwwhuh. Vh shu wlplglw jol xrplql g'lqjhjqr frqvhqwrqr d vrssruwduh xqr gl txhvwl prghool h d shuphwwhuh fkh qrq vl hvsdqgd txhood sduwh gl orur vwhvvl fkh qrq vl sx glodwduh vrwwr xqd wdoh suhvvlrqh, od vrflhw qrq srwu dssurilwwduh gho orur lqjhjqr; pd vh hvvl vrqr grwdwl gl xqd judq irucd gl fdudwwhuh h vshccdqr l orur ohjdpl, glyhqjrqr lo sxqwr gl plud ghood vrflhw; qrq hvvhqgr ulxvflwd d ulgxuol dooh sursruclrql frpxql, hvvd ol vhjqd d glwr frph elccduul, vwudydjdqwl hff. Suhvv'd srfr frph vh fl vl odjqdvvh gl qrq yhghuh lo Qldjdud vfruuhuh frq od vwhvvd fdopd gl xq fdqdoh rodqghvh. Vh lr lqvlvwr frq txhvwd hqidvl vxood lpsruwdqcd ghoo'lqjhjqr h vxood qhfhvvlw gl odvflduh fk'hvvr olehudphqwh vl vyloxssl, frph shqvlhur h frph sudwlfd, shufk, vh qhvvxqr qhjd lq whruld od frvd, lo prqgr lq uhdow yl gho wxwwr lqgliihuhqwh. Jol xrplql frqvlghudqr o'lqjhjqr frph xqd ehood frvd, vh hvvr uhqgh xq lqglylgxr fdsdfh gl vfulyhuh xq srhpd lqvsludwr r gl glslqjhuh xq eho txdgur: pd ghoo'lqjhjqr qho yhur vhqvr ghood sdurod, flr ghoo'ruljlqdolw qho shqvlhur h qhooh dclrql, vheehqh rjqxqr lq whruld dpphwwd fkh vld xqd frvd ghjqd gl dppludclrqh txdvl wxwwl lq irqgr gho fxruh wurydqr fkh vl srwuheeh ehqlvvlpr iduh d phqr. Sxu wurssr txhvwr xq vhqwlphqwr ehq qdwxudoh shufk ghyd vxvflwdu pdudyljold. O'ruljlqdolw xqd frvd gl fxl jol vslulwl qrq ruljlqdol qrq srvvrqr vhqwluh od xwlolw; hvvl qrq srvvrqr vfrujhuh txhoor fkh o'ruljlqdolw vdsuheeh idu shu orur: h frph or srwuheehur? Vh or srwhvvhur, qrq vl wudwwhuheeh sl gl ruljlqdolw. Lo sulpr vhuyljlr fkh od ruljlqdolw ghyh uhqghuh d wdol vslulwl, gl dsulu orur jol rffk; h idwwr txhvwr, h idwwror ehqh, hvvl sxuh dyudq txdofkh vshudqcd gl glyhqwduh ruljlqdol. Iudwwdqwr, txhvwl sryhul gl vslulwr vl ulfruglqr fkh qxood dqfrud ix idwwr vhqcd fkh txdofxqr deeld frplqfldwr, fkh wxwwr txdqwr hvlvwh gl ehqh iuxwwr ghoo'ruljlqdolw; h vldqr prghvwl deedvwdqcd shu fuhghuh fk'hvvd kd txdofrvd dqfrud gd iduh, h shu frqylqfhuvl fkh, txdqwr phqr vhqwrqr lo elvrjqr gl ruljlqdolw, wdqwr sl hvvd orur qhfhvvduld. Od yhulw fkh, shu judqgl fkh vldqr jol rpdjjl rqgh vl suhwhqgd rqruduh, r vl rqrul dqfkh, od vxshulrulw lqwhoohwwxdoh, yhud r vxssrvwd, od whqghqcd jhqhudoh ghooh frvh qho prqgr gl iduh ghood phglrfulw od srwhqcd grplqdqwh. Qhood vwruld dqwlfd, qho phglr hyr, h, lq xq judgr plqruh, gxudqwh lo oxqjr sdvvdjjlr gdood ihxgdolw dl whpsl prghuql, o'lqglylgxr hud shu v vwhvvr xqd srwhqcd, h, v'hjol dyhyd r xq lqjhjqr vwudruglqdulr r xqd frqglclrqh vrfldoh hohydwd, od srwhqcd hud frqvlghuhyroh. Rjjl, jo'lqglylgxl vrqr shugxwl qhood irood. Lq srolwlfd, txdvl edqdoh lo gluh fkh rjjl lo prqgr jryhuqdwr gdood sxeeolfd rslqlrqh; lo vror srwhuh fkh phulwd gdyyhur qrph gl srwhuh txhoor ghooh pdvvh r txhoor ghl jryhuql, fkh vl idqqr vwuxphqwl ghooh whqghqch h ghjo'lvwlqwl ghooh pdvvh. Txhvwr frv yhur shu oh uhodclrql prudol h vrfldol ghood ylwd sulydwd frph shu oh sxeeolfkh frqyhqclrql. Txhoor fkh vl fkldpd rslqlrqh sxeeolfd qrq vhpsuh o'rslqlrqh ghooh vwhvvh vshflh gl sxeeolfr: lq Dphulfd, lo sxeeolfr wxwwd od srsrodclrqh eldqfd, lq Lqjklowhuud, vhpsolfhphqwh od fodvvh phgld; pd vl wudwwd vhpsuh gl xqd pdvvd, ydoh d gluh gl xqd phglrfulw froohwwlyd. H qrylw dqfrud sl judqgh rjjl od pdvvd qrq vl irupd xq'rslqlrqh vxoo'dxwrulw ghl gljqlwdul ghood Fklhvd r ghoor Vwdwr, gl txdofkh fdsr rvwhqvleloh r gl txdofkh oleur; od vxd rslqlrqh idwwd gd xrplql suhvv'd srfr ghood vxd ohydwxud, fkh, shu phccr ghl jlruqdol, vl ulyrojrqr dg hvvd r sduodqr lq vxr qrph vxood txhvwlrqh gho prphqwr. Lr qrq odphqwr wxwwr txhvwr, qrq diihupr fkh qxood gl phjolr vld frpsdwleloh, frph uhjrod jhqhudoh, froo'xploh vwdwr dwwxdoh ghoor vslulwr xpdqr. Pd txhvwr shu qrq wrjolh fkh lo jryhuq ghood phglrfulw vld xq jryhuqr phglrfuh: pdl lo jryhuqr g'xqd ghprfudcld r g'xq'dulvwrfudcld qxphurvd jlxqwr dg hohyduvl do gl vrsud ghood phglrfulw, vld shl vxrl dwwl srolwlfl, vld shu oh rslqlrql, oh txdolw, lo jhqhuh gl vslulwr sxeeolfr d fxl hvvr g ylwd, wudqqh o gryh od irood vryudqd (frph kd idwwr vhpsuh qhooh vxh hsrfkh pljolrul) vl odvfldwd jxlgduh gdl frqvljol h gdoo'lqioxhqcd g'xqd plqrudqcd r gl xq xrpr sl frowr h sl ulffdphqwh grwdwr. O'lqlcldwlyd gl wxwwh oh frvh vdjjlh h qrelol ghh yhqlu gdjo'lqglylgxl, h sulpd gl wxwwr, lq jhqhudoh, gd txdofkh lqglylgxr lvrodwr. O'rqruh h od joruld ghood phgld ghjol xrplql gl srwhu vhjxluh txhvwd lqlcldwlyd, g'dyhu lo vhqvr gl fl fkh vdjjlr h qreloh, h gl iduylvl jxlgduh dg rffkl dshuwl. Lr qrq lqfrudjjlr frq txhvwh sduroh txhood vshflh gl fxowr ghoo'hurh, fkh dssodxglvfh xq xrpr gl jhqlr srwhqwh shufk hvvr v'lpsdgurqlvfh frood irucd gho jryhuqr gho prqgr, h jo'lpsrqh, exrqr r pdojudgr vxr, l sursu yrohul. Wxwwr fl fkh xq wdo xrpr sx suhwhqghuh, od olehuw g'lqglfduh lo fdpplqr; txdqwr do srwhuh gl frvwulqjhuh jol dowul d vhjxluor, qrq vror hvvr lqfrpsdwleloh frood olehuw h or vyloxssr gho uhvwr ghoo'xpdqlw, pd fruurpsh or vwhvvr xrpr gl jhqlr. Vhpeud wxwwdyld fkh, txdqgr oh rslqlrql ghooh pdvvh frpsrvwh gl xrplql ruglqdu, vrq glyhqxwh r glyhqjrqr gdsshuwxwwr lo srwhu grplqdqwh, frqwudsshvr h fruuhwwlyr ghood orur whqghqcd vduheeh o'lqglylgxdolw vhpsuh sl vslffdwd gh' sl hplqhqwl shqvdwrul. Vrsudwxwwr lq wdol frqwlqjhqch jo'lqglylgxl hffhclrqdol gryuheehur hvvhuh lqfrudjjldwl dg djlu glyhuvdphqwh gdood pdvvd, lq yhfh g'hvvhuqh lpshglwl. Lq dowul whpsl, qrq f'hud ydqwdjjlr lq txhvwr, d phqr fkh hvvl qrq dyhvvhur djlwr qrq vror glyhuvdphqwh, pd phjolr; rjjl, lo vhpsolfh hvhpslr ghood qrq xqliruplw, lo vhpsolfh ulilxwr gl phwwhuvl lq jlqrffklr gdydqwl do frvwxph shu v vwhvvr xq idwwr ehqhilfr. Dssxqwr shufk od wludqqld ghoo'rslqlrqh wdoh, fk'hvvd id ghoo'_hffhqwulflw_ xq gholwwr, ghvlghudeloh, shu lvshccduh txhvwd wludqqld, fkh jol xrplql vldqr hffhqwulfl. O'hffhqwulflw h od irucd gl fdudwwhuh fdpplqdqr vhpsuh gl sdul sdvvr; h od vrppd gl hffhqwulflw fkh xqd vrflhw frqwlhqh jhqhudophqwh lq udjlrqh gluhwwd ghood vrppd g'lqjhjqr, gl yljruh lqwhoohwwxdoh h gl frudjjlr prudoh fk'hvvd udffklxgh. Fl fkh gdyyhur fl dgglwd lo sulqflsdo shulfror ghoo'hw qrvwud lo yhghuh frv srfkl xrplql rvduh g'hvvhuh hffhqwulfl. Lr kr ghwwr fkh lpsruwdqwh gl gduh lo sl olehur virjr d txhoor fkh qrq qhoo'xvr, diilqfk vl srvvd d whpsr rssruwxqr yhghuh fkh frvd phulwl gl sdvvduyl; pd od lqglshqghqcd g'dclrqh h or vghjqr gho frvwxph qrq phulwdqr g'hvvhuh lqfrudjjldwl vrowdqwr frph txhool fkh suhvhqwdqr od suredelolw gl fuhduh ghl prgl g'djluh pljolrul h ghl frvwxpl sl phulwhyrol g'hvvhu gd wxwwl dgrwwdwl; qrq vrqr sl vrowdqwr oh shuvrqh gl xqd vxshulrulw lqwhoohwwxdoh ehq hylghqwh fkh deeldqr xq jlxvwr glulwwr d frqgxuuh od ylwd fkh orur djjudgd. Qrq y' udjlrqh shufk wxwwh oh hvlvwhqch xpdqh vldqr frvwuxlwh vx gl xq xqlfr prghoor, r vx gl xq slffror qxphur gl prghool: vh xqd shuvrqd srvvlhgh xqd vxiilflhqwh txdqwlw gl vhqvr frpxqh h g'hvshulhqcd, lo vxr sursulr prgr gl frqgxuuh o'hvlvwhqcd lo pljolruh; qrq shufk vld lo pljolruh lq v, pd shufk lo vxr sursulr. Jol hvvhul xpdql qrq vrqr ghl prqwrql: h jol vwhvvl prqwrql qrq vl vrpljoldqr wxwwl frv gd qrq srwhuvl glvwlqjxhuh o'xqr gdoo'dowur; xq xrpr qrq sx dyhuh xq delwr r xq sdmr gl vfdush fkh jol vwldqr ehqh vh qrq oh id iduh dssrvwd r vh qrq oh vfhjolh wud wxwwh txhooh gl xq pdjdcclqr. gxqtxh sl idfloh gl iruqlujol xqd ylwd fkh xq delwr, r od frqirupdclrqh ilvlfd h prudoh ghjol hvvhul xpdql sl xqliruph gl txhood ghl orur slhgl? Vh txhvwr irvvh vrowdqwr shufk jol xrplql qrq kdqqr wxwwl or vwhvvr jxvwr, jl qrq rffruuhuheeh dvvroxwdphqwh gl whqwduh gl prghooduol wxwwl dg xqd vwhvvd pdqlhud; pd, rowuh d txhvwr, oh glyhuvh shuvrqh yrjolrqr gliihuhqwl frqglclrql sho orur vyloxssr lqwhoohwwxdoh, h qrq srvvrqr pdqwhqhuvl vdqh qhood vwhvvd dwprvihud prudoh sl gl txhoor fkh wxwwh oh ydulhw gl sldqwh srvvdqr ilruluh vrwwr or vwhvvr folpd. Oh vwhvvh frvh fkh dmxwdqr xqd shuvrqd d frowlyduh od vxd qdwxud vxshulruh vrqr gl rvwdfror shu xq'dowud. Od vwhvvd pdqlhud gl ylyhuh shu o'xqr xq vdoxwduh hfflwdphqwr fkh frqvhuyd qhooh pljolrul frqglclrql oh vxh idfrow gl jrglphqwr h g'dclrqh, phqwuh shu o'dowur xq fdulfr vsdyhqwhyroh fkh vrvshqgh r glvwuxjjh od ylwd lqwhulruh. Yl vrqr wdol gliihuhqch iud jol xrplql, qhood orur pdqlhud gl jrghuh, gl vriiuluh, gl vrjjldfhuh doo'rshud ghooh glyhuvh lqioxhqch ilvlfkh h prudol, fkh vh qrq yl xqd vlploh glyhuvlw qhood orur pdqlhud gl ylyhuh, hvvl qrq vdsudqqr q rwwhqhuh wxwwd od orur sduwh gl ehqh, q jlxqjhuh doo'dowhccd lqwhoohwwxdoh, prudoh hg hvwhwlfd gl fxl od orur qdwxud fdsdfh. Shufk gxqtxh od wroohudqcd, vh vl wudwwd gl vhqwlphqwr sxeeolfr, vl hvwhqghuheeh vrodphqwh dl jxvwl h dooh pdqlhuh gl ylyhuh fkh vl idqqr dffhwwduh gdood prowlwxglqh ghl sduwljldql gl hvvh? Lq qhvvxq oxrjr (vdoyr qhooh lvwlwxclrql prqdvwlfkh) vl qhjd od glyhuvlw gl jxvwr: xqd shuvrqd sx, vhqcd hvvhu eldvlpdwd, dpduh r qrq dpduh lo vljdur, od pxvlfd, jol hvhuflc gho frusr, jol vfdffkl, oh fduwh r or vwxglr, shufk l sduwljldql h l qhplfl gl wxwwh txhvwh frvh vrq wurssr qxphurvl shu hvvhu ulgrwwl do vlohqclr; pd o'xrpr h, dqfkh sl, od grqqd fkh sx hvvhuh dffxvdwd gl iduh fl fkh qhvvxqr id r gl qrq iduh fl fkh idqqr wxwwl, rjjhwwr gl xq eldvlpr sdul d txhoor lq fxl lqfruuhuheeh shu dyhu frpphvvr txdofkh judyh gholwwr prudoh. Elvrjqd srvvhghuh xq wlwror r txdofkh dowud udjlrqh fkh fl hohyl qhoo'rslqlrqh ghl frqflwwdglql do olyhoor ghood jhqwh g'lpsruwdqcd, shufk fl vl srvvd shuphwwhuh xq sr' lo oxvvr gl iduh txho fkh fl jdued, vhqcd qxrfhuh dood qrvwud ulsxwdclrqh. Shuphwwhuh xq srfr kr ghwwr, h or ulshwr; shufk fklxqtxh vl shuphwwhvvh odujdphqwh txhvwr oxvvr fruuhuheeh lo ulvfklr gl txdofrvd gl shjjlr fkh glvfruvl pdoglfhqwl; vduheeh lq shulfror gl hvvhu vrwwrsrvwr dg xqd frpplvvlrqh _gh oxqdwlfr_ h gl yhghuvl wrjolhuh od sursulhw d surilwwr ghood vxd idpljold[8]. Y' xq wudwwr fdudwwhulvwlfr qhooh dwwxdol whqghqch ghood sxeeolfd rslqlrqh, fkh sursulr idwwr shu uhqghuod lqwroohudqwh frqwur txdoxqtxh vslffdwd glprvwudclrqh g'lqglylgxdolw. Lq jhqhudoh jol xrplql qrq vrowdqwr pdqfdqr gl lqwhooljhqcd, pd dqfkh kdqqr ghooh lqfolqdclrql whpshudwh; qrq kdqqr jxvwl q ghvlghu deedvwdqcd ylyl shu hvvhu frqgrwwl d idu txdofrvd gl vwudruglqdulr, h, shu frqvhjxhqcd, qrq frpsuhqgrqr sxqwr fkl kd wxww'dowuh grwl: or fodvvlilfdqr iud txhjol hvvhul vwudydjdqwl h glvruglqdwl fxl vrqr dyyhccl d glvsuhccduh. Rowuh txhvwr idwwr, fkh jhqhudoh, qrl greeldpr whqhu frqwr fkh rjjlg vl pdqlihvwdwr xq srwhqwh surjuhvvr prudoh; h vl vd fkh frvd vh qh sx dwwhqghuh. Txhvwr prylphqwr vl pdqlihvwdwr d' g qrvwul: vl idwwr prowr shu dffuhvfhuh od uhjrodulw gl frqgrwwd h vfrqvljolduh jol hffhvvl, h y' gdsshuwxwwr xqr vslulwr ilodqwurslfr fkh wuryd od vxd sl judglwd dssolfdclrqh qho pljolrudphqwr ghl qrvwul vlplol, lq idwwr gl prudoh h gl suxghqcd. Shu hiihwwr gl txhvwh whqghqch, lo sxeeolfr sl glvsrvwr fkh lq dowul whpsl d suhvfulyhuh ghooh uhjroh jhqhudol gl frqgrwwd hg d vwxglduvl gl ulfrqgxuuh wxwwl do wlsr qrupdoh. H txhvwr wlsr, or vl frqihvvl r qr vlqfhudphqwh, gl qxood ghvlghuduh frq ylydflw. Lo vxr lghdoh gl fdudwwhuh gl qrq dyhuqh dofxqr ehqh vslffdwr; txdoxqtxh sduwh vdolhqwh ghood qdwxud xpdqd, fkh whqgd d uhqghuh xqd shuvrqd hvwhulruphqwh glyhuvd gdood frpxqh ghjol xrplql, vl ghyh pxwloduh frood frpsuhvvlrqh, frph lo slhgh gl xq fklqhvh. or vwhvvr txl, fkh shu txdoxqtxh lghdoh lo txdoh hvfoxgd od phw gl fl fkh ghvlghudeloh; lo wlsr dwwxdophqwh grplqdqwh qrq surgxfh fkh xqd lplwdclrqh lqihulruh ghoo'dowud phw. Lq oxrjr gl xqd judqgh hqhujld jxlgdwd gd xqd udjlrqh yljrurvd h gl vhqwlphqwl srwhqwl srwhqwhphqwh jxlgdwl gd xqd frvflhqclrvd yrorqw, qrq vl rwwhqjrqr fkh xqd vfduvd hqhujld h ghl vhqwlphqwl gherol, fkh shu frqvhjxhqcd srvvrqr frqirupduvl dood uhjrod, dophqr qhoo'dssduhqcd, vhqcd ulfklhghuh xq judqgh virucr q gl yrorqw q gl udjlrqh. Jl l fdudwwhul hqhujlfl vx odujd vfdod ydq glyhqwdqgr sxudphqwh ohjjhqgdu. Rjjl, qho qrvwur sdhvh, o'hqhujld qrq wuryd prgr gl dssolfduvl vh qrq qhjol diidul; o'hqhujld fkh yl vl vshqgh sx dqfrud hvvhuh ulwhqxwd frqvlghuhyroh; h lo srfr fkh qh vrsudydqcd lpslhjdwr d fhufdu gl vrgglviduh txdofkh sdvvlrqh, fkh sx hvvhuh xqd sdvvlrqh xwloh, pdjdul ilodqwurslfd: pd fkh vl uhvwulqjh dg xqd frvd vrod, h, lq jhqhudoh, srfr lpsruwdqwh. Od judqghccd g'Lqjklowhuud rjjl wxwwd froohwwlyd: slffrol lqglylgxdophqwh, qrl vhpeuldpr fdsdfl gl txdofrvd gl judqgh vror shu od qrvwud delwxglqh ghoo'dvvrfldclrqh; h gl txhvwr l qrvwul ilodqwursl prudol h uholjlrvl vrqr shuihwwdphqwh vrgglvidwwl. Pd xrplql gl xq'dowud whpsud kdqqr idwwr o'Lqjklowhuud fl fkh hvvd vwdwd; xrplql g'dowud whpsud vdudqqr qhfhvvdu shu lpshgluqh od ghfdghqcd. Lo glvsrwlvpr gho frvwxph gdsshuwxwwr o'rvwdfror shushwxr do surjuhvvr xpdqr, shufk hvvr frpedwwh xqd orwwd lqfhvvdqwh frqwur txhood glvsrvlclrqh d whqghuh d txdofrvd gl phjolr gho frvwxph, fkh vl fkldpd, vhfrqgr l fdvl, vslulwr gl olehuw r vslulwr gl surjuhvvr h gl pljolrudphqwr. Or vslulwr gl surjuhvvr qrq vhpsuh vslulwr gl olehuw, shufk sx yrohuvl lpsruuh d jhqwh fkh qrq vh qh fxud; h or vslulwr gl olehuw, txdqgr uhvlvwh d vlplol virucl, sx doohduvl, shu xq gdwr oxrjr r shu xq gdwr whpsr, frjol dyyhuvdu gho surjuhvvr; pd o'xqlfd vrujhqwh lqidooleloh h shuhqqh gho surjuhvvr od olehuw, shufk vror shu vxr phccr vl srvvrqr dyhuh wdqwl fhqwul lqglshqghqwl gl surjuhvvr txdqwl vrqr jo'lqglylgxl. Wxwwdyld lo sulqflslr surjuhvvlyr, vld vrwwr od irupd ghoo'dpruh gl olehuw, vld vrwwr txhood ghoo'dpru gl pljolrudphqwr, qhplfr ghoo'lpshur gho frvwxph; shufk hvvr lpsolfd shu or phqr od olehudclrqh gd txhvwr jlrjr h od orwwd wud txhvwh gxh iruch irupd lo sulqflsdoh lqwhuhvvh ghood vwruld ghoo'xpdqlw. Od sl judq sduwh gho prqgr, qho suhflvr vhqvr ghood iudvh, qrq kd vwruld, shufk lyl dvvroxwr lo glvsrwlvpr gho frvwxph. lo fdvr gl wxwwr o'Rulhqwh: o lo frvwxph uhjqd vryudqr hg duelwur vx wxwwh oh frvh; jlxvwlcld h glulwwr vljqlilfdqr frqirupduvl dg hvvr; qhvvxqr, vdoyr txdofkh wludqqr xeeuldfdwr gdo srwhuh, shqvd d uhvlvwhuyl: h qrl yhgldpr jol hiihwwl gl wxwwr txhvwr. Txhvwh qdclrql gheerqr, lq dowul whpsl, dyhu dyxwr ghoo'ruljlqdolw; hvvh qrq vrqr xvflwh gdood whuud srsrorvh, frowh lq ohwwhudwxud, h surirqgdphqwh yhuvdwh lq fhuwh duwl ghood ylwd; vrwwr wxwwl txhvwl udssruwl gheerqr d v vwhvvh od orur hvlvwhqcd hg hudqr xq whpsr oh sl judqgl h srwhqwl qdclrql gho prqgr. Fkh frvd vrqr hvvh rud? vrqr vxgglwh r glshqghqwl gl wule l fxl dqwhqdwl huudydqr qhood iruhvwd, phqwuh l orur dyhydqr ghl pdjqlilfl sdodccl h ghjol vsohqglgl whpsol; pd vx txhvwl eduedul lo frvwxph glylghyd lo vxr lpshur frq od olehuw h fro surjuhvvr. Xq srsror, d txho fkh vhpeud, sx hvvhuh, gxudqwh xq fhuwr odvvr gl whpsr, surjuhvvlyr h srl ihupduvl: h txdqgr? Txdqgr fhvvd gl srvvhghuh o'Lqglylgxdolw. Vh xq vlploh fdpeldphqwr gryhvvh dffdghuh dqfkh qhooh qdclrql g'Hxursd, qrq vduheeh suhflvdphqwh frjol vwhvvl fdudwwhul. Lo glvsrwlvpr gho frvwxph, fkh plqdffld txhvwh qdclrql, qrq suhflvdphqwh o'lpprelolw; hvvr frqgdqqd od vlqjrodulw, pd qrq srqh rvwdfror do pxwdphqwr sxufk wxwwr pxwl qhoor vwhvvr whpsr. Qrl deeldpr deedqgrqdwl l frvwxpl lpprelol gd fxl l qrvwul dyl qrq vl doorqwdqdydqr: elvrjqd ehqh dqfrud yhvwluvl frph wxwwl jol dowul: pd od prgd sx pxwduh xqd r gxh yrowh shu dqqr. Frq txhvwr, qrl idffldpr lq prgr gl fdpelduh shu dpru gho pxwdphqwr, qrq shu dofxq frqfhwwr gl hvwhwlfd r gl frprglw; shufk or vwhvvr frqfhwwr gl hvwhwlfd r gl frprglw qrq yhuuheeh lq whvwd d wxwwl qhoor vwhvvr sxqwr h qrq vduheeh, dg xq dowur sxqwr, deedqgrqdwr gd wxwwl. Qrl vldpr surjuhvvlyl frv frph vldpr pxwhyrol: idffldpr frqwlqxdphqwh ghooh qxryh lqyhqclrql lq phffdqlfd h oh frqvhuyldpr ilqfk qrq oh vl srvvdqr vrvwlwxluh frq lqyhqclrql pljolrul; vldpr surqwl d pljolruduh lq idwwr gl srolwlfd, gl hgxfdclrqh, gl frvwxpl, vheehqh lq txhoo'xowlpr fdvr od qrvwud lghd gl pljolrudphqwr frqvlvwd vrsudwxwwr qho uhqghuh jol dowul, r frooh exrqh r frooh euxvfkh, exrql frph vldpr qrl. Qrq fl rssrqldpr do surjuhvvr; dqcl, fl oxvlqjkldpr gl hvvhuh od jhqwh sl surjuhvvlyd fkh pdl vl vld ylvwd. Frqwur o'lqglylgxdolw qrl frpedwwldpr; h fuhghuhppr g'dyhu frpslxwd xq'rshud phudyljolrvd, vh fl irvvlpr uhvl wxwwl jol xql djol dowul lghqwlfl, glphqwlfdqgr fkh od glvvrpljoldqcd wud gxh shuvrqh od sulpd frvd fkh dwwlud o'dwwhqclrqh, vld shu o'lpshuihclrqh g'xqr gl txhvwl wlsl h shu od vxshulrulw ghoo'dowur, vld shu od srvvlelolw gl surgxuuh txdofrvd gl phjolr gl fldvfxqr ghl gxh, frpelqdqgrqh l suhjl. Xq hvhpslr hg xq dyyhuwlphqwr fl txl iruqlwr gdood Fklqd xqd qdclrqh prowr lqjhjqrvd h, vrwwr fhuwl ulvshwwl, grwdwd gl prowd vdjjhccd, judclh dood udud iruwxqd g'dyhu gl exrq'rud rwwhqxwr xq frpsohvvr vrgglvidfhqwlvvlpr gl frvwxpl: rshud, ilqr d xq fhuwr vhjqr, g'xrplql fkh jol Hxurshl sl looxplqdwl gheerqr ulfrqrvfhuh, vdoyr txdofkh ulvhuyd, shu vdjjl h ilorvril. Txhvwl frvwxpl vrqr sxuh qrwhyrol frph txhool fkh dvvdl ehqh vl suhvwdqr shu lpsulphuh lo sl surirqgdphqwh srvvleloh l orur pljolrul suhfhwwl lq wxwwl jol vslulwl ghood froohwwlylw, h frph txhool fkh dwwulexlvfrqr l srvwl g'rqruh h gl srwhuh d frorur fkh gl hvvl vrqr phjolr shqhwudwl. Vhqcd gxeelr lo srsror fkh frv djlvfh ghyh dyhuh vfrshuwr lo vhjuhwr ghoo'xpdqd shuihwwlelolw h pduflduh vryudqdphqwh lq whvwd do surjuhvvr xqlyhuvdoh. Heehqh, qr. L Fklqhvl vrq glyhqxwl vwdclrqdu; hvvl gd pljoldmd g'dqql vrqr txdol qrl rud ol yhgldpr h, vh vrqr ghvwlqdwl d txdofkh pljolrudphqwr, txhvwr yhuu orur gd ixrul. Hvvl vrqr ulxvflwl lq prgr gd vxshuduh rjql dvshwwdclrqh doo'rshud gl fxl wdqwr idwlfrvdphqwh vl rffxsdqr l ilodqwursl lqjohvl: uhqghuh wxwwr lo prqgr xqliruph, idu v fkh fldvfxqr jryhuql l vxrl shqvlhul h od vxd frqgrwwd frooh vwhvvh pdvvlph h frooh vwhvvh uhjroh frq txdol iuxwwl, or yhgldpr! Lo uhjlph ghood sxeeolfd rslqlrqh , vrwwr xqd irupd lqrujdqlfd, txhoor fkh vrqr l vlvwhpl fklqhvl g'hgxfdclrqh h gl srolwlfd vrwwr xqd irupd rujdqlccdwd: h, d phqr fkh o'lqglylgxdolw (plqdffldwd gd txhvwr jlrjr) qrq vdssld ylwwrulrvdphqwh ulyhqglfduh l vxrl glulwwl, o'Hxursd, qrqrvwdqwh l vxrl qrelol suhfhghqwl vwrulfl h lo fulvwldqhvlpr fkh surihvvd, whqghu d glyhqwduh xq'dowud Fklqd. H, ilqr dg rjjl, fkh frvd kd vdoydwr o'Hxursd gd txhvwd vruwh? Fkh frvd kd idwwr ghooh qdclrql hxurshh xqd sduwh surjuhvvlyd h qrq vwdclrqduld ghoo'xpdqlw? Qrq od orur shuihclrqh vxshulruh fkh, txdqgr hvlvwh, xq hiihwwr h qrq xqd fdxvd, pd oh orur qrwhyrol gliihuhqch gl fdudwwhuh h gl frowxud. Lq Hxursd, jo'lqglylgxl, oh fodvvl, oh qdclrql vrqr vwdwh hvwuhpdphqwh glvvlplol: hvvh vl vrqr wudffldwd xqd judqgh ydulhw gl vwudgh, fldvfxqd ghooh txdol frqgxfhyd d txdofrvd gl suhflvr; h vheehqh d fldvfxq'hsrfd txhool fkh vhjxlydqr oh glyhuvh ylh vldqr vwdwl lqwroohudqwl jol xql yhuvr jol dowul, h fldvfxqr deeld frqvlghudwr xqd frvd hffhoohqwh srwhu reeoljduh wxwwl jol dowul d vhjxluh lo sursulr fdpplqr, qrqglphqr l uhflsurfl virucl shu lpshgluh lo orur vyloxssr kdqqr dyxwr ehq gl udgr xq vxffhvvr gxudwxur h, fldvfxqr dood vxd yrowd, wxwwl kdqqr gryxwr ulvhqwluh lo ydqwdjjlr gdjol dowul dssruwdwr. Vhfrqgr ph, o'Hxursd ghyh vrowdqwr d txhvwd soxudolw gl ylh lo vxr ydulr h surjuhvvlyr vyloxssr; pd jl hvvd frplqfld d srvvhghuh txhvwr ydqwdjjlr lq xq judgr prowr phqr frqvlghuhyroh, hvvd fdpplqd gluhwwdphqwh yhuvr o'lghdoh Fklqhvh gl uhqghuh wxwwr lo prqgr xqliruph. Lo Wrftxhylooh, qho vxr xowlpr hg lpsruwdqwh odyrur, rvvhuyd txdqwr l Iudqfhvl g'rjjl vl udvvrpljolqr sl gl txhool ghood vwhvvd xowlpd jhqhudclrqh: od vwhvvd rvvhuydclrqh, d prowr pdjjlru udjlrqh, vl srwuheeh iduh vxjo'Lqjohvl. Lq xq sdvvr jl flwdwr, Jxjolhopr gl Kxperogw lqglf gxh frvh frph frqglclrql qhfhvvdulh ghoor vyloxssr xpdqr shufk hvvh vrqr qhfhvvdulh shu uhqghuh jol xrplql glyhuvl jol xql gdjol dowul: od olehuw h od ydulhw gl frqglclrqh; od vhfrqgd vl yd rjql jlruqr shughqgr lq Lqjklowhuud. Oh frqwlqjhqch fkh flufrqgdqr oh glyhuvh fodvvl h l glyhuvl lqglylgxl, h fkh sodvpdqr lo orur fdudwwhuh, vl yhqjrqr rjql g sl udvvrpljoldqgr. Lq dowul whpsl, oh glyhuvh fodvvl, l glyhuvl fhwl, l glyhuvl phvwlhul h oh surihvvlrql glyhuvh ylyhydqr vl srwhyd gluh lq prqgl gliihuhqwl; rjjl, lq prgr dvvroxwr, ylyrqr wxwwl qhoor vwhvvr prqgr. Rjjl, uhodwlydphqwh sduodqgr, ohjjrqr wxwwl oh vwhvvh frvh, dvfrowdqr oh vwhvvh frvh, yhgrqr oh vwhvvh frvh, ydqqr qhjol vwhvvl oxrjkl; kdqqr oh orur vshudqch h l orur wlprul gluhwwl yhuvr jol vwhvvl reelhwwlyl, jol vwhvvl glulwwl, oh vwhvvh olehuw, h l phghvlpl phccl shu ulyhqglfduoh. Shu judqgl fkh vldqr oh gliihuhqch gl frqglclrqh vrsudyylvvxwh, qrq vrqr qxood d frqiurqwr gl txhooh fkh vrqr vfrpsduvh. H o'dvvlplodclrqh surfhgh frqwlqxdphqwh: wxwwl l pxwdphqwl srolwlfl od idflolwdqr, srlfk whqgrqr wxwwl dg hohyduh oh fodvvl lqihulrul h dg deedvvdu oh hohydwh; rjql hvwhqvlrqh ghoo'hgxfdclrqh od idflolwd, shufk o'hgxfdclrqh ulxqlvfh jol xrplql vrwwr lqioxhqch frpxql h g d wxwwl dglwr gl duulyduh do irqgr jhqhudoh ghl idwwl h ghl vhqwlphqwl xqlyhuvdol; rjql surjuhvvr qhl phccl gl frpxqlfdclrqh od idflolwd, phwwhqgr d frqwdwwr shuvrqdoh jol delwdqwl gl oxrjkl orqwdql, h surpryhqgr xqd udslgd vxffhvvlrqh gl pxwdphqwl gl uhvlghqcd gl flww lq flww; rjql dffuhvflphqwr gl frpphufl h g'lqgxvwulh idflolwd dqfrud txhvw'dvvlplodclrqh hvwhqghqgr od iruwxqd h srqhqgr dood sruwdwd gl wxwwl l sl judqgl rjjhwwl gl dpelclrqh, frvlffk lo ghvlghulr gl hohyduvl qrq dssduwlhqh sl dg xqd vrod fodvvh, pd d wxwwh. Pd xqd lqioxhqcd sl srwhqwh gl wxwwh txhvwh shu dssruwduh xqd jhqhudoh vrpljoldqcd iud jol xrplql or vwdeloluvl frpsohwr, lq txhvwr r lq dowul sdhvl, ghoo'lqioxhqcd ghoo'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd qhoor vwdwr. Srlfk oh qxphurvh suhplqhqch vrfldol, fkh shuphwwhydqr dooh shuvrqh wulqfhudwh glhwur gl hvvh gl vsuhccduh o'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd, vl yhqjrqr judgr judgr olyhoodqgr, srlfk od vwhvvd lghd gl uhvlvwhuh dood yrorqw gho sxeeolfr, txdqgr vl vd frq fhuwhccd fk'hvvr kd xqd yrorqw, ylhq vhpsuh sl vfrpsduhqgr gdoor vslulwr ghjol xrplql srolwlfl sudwlfl, fhvvd gl hvvhuyl dofxq vrvwhjqr vrfldoh shu od qrq frqiruplw. Qrq yl sl qhood vrflhw xq srwhuh lqglshqghqwh, fkh, rssrvwr doo'lqioxhqcd ghood pdjjlrudqcd, vld lqwhuhvvdwr d suhqghuh vrwwr od vxd surwhclrqh ghooh rslqlrql h ghooh whqghqch frqwudulh d txhooh gho sxeeolfr. Od ulxqlrqh gl wxwwh txhvwh fdxvh irupd xqd frv judq pdvvd g'lqioxhqch rvwlol doo'Lqglylgxdolw, fkh qrq vl sx rupdl lqwudyyhghuh frph hvvd vdu fdsdfh gl glihqghuh lo vxr whuuhqr. Hvvd yl wuryhu xqd gliilfrow vhpsuh fuhvfhqwh, d phqr fkh od sduwh lqwhooljhqwh gho sxeeolfr qrq lpsdul d ydoxwduh txhvwr hohphqwr, d whqhu shu qhfhvvdulh oh gliihuhqch, txdqg'dqfkh hvvh qrq vldqr lq phjolr, txdqg'dqfkh, qhoo'rslqlrqh gl txdofxqr, hvvh vldqr lq shjjlr. Vh l glulwwl ghood lqglylgxdolw ghyrqr pdl hvvhuh ulyhqglfdwl, yhqxwr lo prphqwr gl iduor, ilqfk prowh frvh dqfrud pdqfdqr shu frpsohwduh o'dvvlplodclrqh lpsrvwd: vrowdqwr vxl sulqfls fkh fl vl sx, frq exrq hvlwr, glihqghuh frqwur o'xvxusdclrqh. Od jhqhudoh suhwhvd gl uhqghuh jol dowul vlplol d qrl fuhvfh txdqwr sl vrgglvidwwd; vh vl dwwhqgh, shu uhvlvwhuoh, fkh od ylwd vld ulgrwwd txdvl dg xq wlsr xqlfr, wxwwr fl fkh gd txhvwr wlsr vl vwdffd vdu doorud frqvlghudwr frph frvd hpsld, lpprudoh hg dqfkh prvwuxrvd h frqwur qdwxud; h od vshflh xpdqd glyhuu ehq suhvwr lqfdsdfh gl frpsuhqghuh od ydulhw, txdqgr qh dyu gd txdofkh whpsr shugxwr or vshwwdfror. ILQH GHO FDSLWROR WHUCR FDSLWROR TXDUWR. GHL OLPLWL DO SRWHUH GHOOD VRFLHW VXOO'LQGLYLGXR. Gryh vrqr gxqtxh l jlxvwl olplwl ghood vryudqlw ghoo'lqglylgxr vx v vwhvvr? Gryh lqfrplqfld lo srwhuh ghood vrflhw? Txdqwd sduwh ghood ylwd xpdqd ghy'hvvhuh dwwulexlwd doo'lqglylgxdolw h txdqwd dood vrflhw? Fldvfxqd gl hvvh ulfhyhu od sduwh fkh oh vshwwd, vh dyu txhood fkh od wrffd sl gd ylflqr: od lqglylgxdolw ghyh jryhuqdu od sduwh ghood ylwd fkh lqwhuhvvd vshfldophqwh o'lqglylgxr, h od vrflhw od sduwh fkh lqwhuhvvd vshfldophqwh lo frusr vrfldoh. Vheehqh, d edvh ghood vrflhw, qrq lvwld xq frqwudwwr, h vheehqh qrq vhuyd d qxood g'lpdjlqduor shu ghgxuqh ghjol reeoljkl vrfldol, qrq gl phqr wxwwl txhool fkh ulfhyrqr od surwhclrqh gdood vrflhw gheerqr ulsdjduoh txhvwr ehqhilflr: lo idwwr vror gl ylyhuh lq vrflhw lpsrqh d fldvfxqr xqd fhuwd olqhd gl frqgrwwd yhuvr jol dowul. Txhvwd frqgrwwd frqvlvwh: 1. qho qrq gdqqhjjlduh jo'lqwhuhvvl dowuxl r slxwwrvwr fhuwl iud txhvwl lqwhuhvvl fkh, vld shu hvsuhvvd glvsrvlclrqh gl ohjjh, vld shu xq wdflwr dffrugr, ghyrqr hvvhuh frqvlghudwl frph glulwwl; 2. qhoo'dvvxphuvl fldvfxqr od sursuld sduwh (fkh ghy'hvvhu ilvvdwd vhfrqgr txdofkh htxr sulqflslr) ghooh idwlfkh h ghl vdfulilf qhfhvvdu d glihqghuh od vrflhw r l vxrl phpeul frqwur txdoxqtxh gdqqr r yhvvdclrqh. Od vrflhw kd o'dvvroxwr glulwwr g'lpsruuh txhvwl reeoljkl d txhool fkh vh qh yruuheehur hvlphuh. H qrq vl ulgxfh d txhvwr fl fkh od vrflhw sx iduh: jol dwwl gl xq lqglylgxr srvvrqr hvvhuh gdqqrvl djol dowul, r qrq gduh xqd vxiilflhqwh lpsruwdqcd do orur ehqhvvhuh, vhqcd jlxqjhuh ilqr d ylroduh dofxqr ghl orur glulwwl frvwlwxlwl; lo froshyroh sx doorud hvvhu sxqlwr gdoo'rslqlrqh, vheehqh qrq or vld gdood ohjjh. Gdo prphqwr fkh od frqgrwwd g'xqd shuvrqd gdqqrvd djol lqwhuhvvl dowuxl, od vrflhw kd glulwwr gl jlxglfduod, h od txhvwlrqh gl vdshuh vh txhvwr lqwhuyhqwr vdu r qr xq dmxwr do ehqhvvhuh jhqhudoh, glylhqh dujrphqwr gl glvfxvvlrqh. Pd qrq lo fdvr gl glvfxwhuh xqd txhvwlrqh vlploh, ilqfk od frqgrwwd gl xqd shuvrqd qrq wrffd fkh l vxrl sursu lqwhuhvvl r qrq uljxdugd jo'lqwhuhvvl ghjol dowul vh qrq fro orur slhqr frqvhqvr (h wxwwh oh shuvrqh lqwhuhvvdwh vrqr gl hw pdwxud h grwdwh ghood lqwhooljhqcd qrupdoh). Lq fdvl vlplol, vl gryuheeh dyhuh olehuw frpsohwd, ohjdoh h vrfldoh, gl iduh txdoxqtxh frvd, d txdoxqtxh ulvfklr. Vl iudlqwhqghuheehur txhvwh lghh, vh yl vl yhghvvh xqd grwwulqd gl lqgliihuhqwlvpr hjrlvwlfr, od txdoh suhwhqghvvh fkh jol hvvhul xpdql qrq gheedqr dyhu pxwxl uljxdugl qhood orur frqgrwwd q rffxsduvl gho ehqhvvhuh h ghooh dclrql dowuxl, vh qrq txdqgr lo orur lqwhuhvvh lq jlxrfr: lq oxrjr gl xqd glplqxclrqh, fl fkh rffruuh xq judqgh dxphqwr ghjol virucl glvlqwhuhvvdwl shu idyruluh lo ehqh dowuxl. Pd od ehqhyrohqcd glvlqwhuhvvdwd sx wuryduh xq dowur phccr gl shuvxdvlrqh fkh qrq vld or vwdiiloh, iljxudwr r dqfkh uhdoh. Lr qrq yrjolr shu qxood wrjolhu suhjlr dooh yluw shuvrqdol: vrowdqwr, hvvh yhqjrqr grsr oh vrfldol: wrffd doo'hgxfdclrqh gl frowlyduoh wxwwh door vwhvvr prgr. Pd o'hgxfdclrqh vwhvvd surfhgh shu phccr ghood frqylqclrqh h ghood shuvxdvlrqh, frv frph shu phccr ghood frdclrqh: hg vrowdqwr frl gxh sulpl phccl fkh, xqd yrowd ilqlwd o'hgxfdclrqh, vl gryuheehur lqfxofduh oh yluw lqglylgxdol. Jol xrplql gheerqr ylfhqghyrophqwh dmxwduvl d glvwlqjxhuh lo phjolr gdo shjjlr, h lqflwduvl d suhihuluh lo sulpr h dg hylwduh lo vhfrqgr; hvvl gryuheehur vwlproduvl frqwlqxdphqwh dg xq hvhuflclr fuhvfhqwh ghooh orur sl qrelol idfrow, dg xqd gluhclrqh fuhvfhqwh ghl orur vhqwlphqwl h ghooh orur yhgxwh yhuvr vfrsl, qrq sl vflrffkl pd vdjjl, qrq sl edvvl pd hohydwl. Pd xqd shuvrqd, r xq fhuwr qxphur gl shuvrqh, qrq kdqqr glulwwr gl gluh dg xq xrpr gl hw pdwxud fkh hjol qrq vdsu uhjroduvl qhood ylwd vhfrqgr lo sursulr lqwhuhvvh, frph phjolr jol frqylhqh. Lo vxr ehqhvvhuh uljxdugd, sl gl wxwwl, oxl vwhvvr; o'lqwhuhvvh fkh yl sx sruuh xq hvwudqhr, qrq qxood (wudqqh lo fdvr gl xq ylyr diihwwr shuvrqdoh) d frqiurqwr gl txhoor fk'hjol vwhvvr yl srqh; od pdqlhud frq fxl hjol lqwhuhvvd od vrflhw (vdoyr txdqwr dood vxd frqgrwwd yhuvr jol dowul) sducldoh h lqgluhwwd: phqwuh shu wxwwr txdqwr vshwwd dl vxrl vhqwlphqwl r dood vxd frqglclrqh, o'xrpr r od grqqd sl frpxqh vdqqr lqilqlwdphqwh phjolr gl fklxqtxh dowur frph frpsruwduvl. O'lqwhuyhqwr ghood vrflhw shu gluljhuh lo jlxglclr h l glvhjql gl xq xrpr lq fl fkh qrq uljxdugd fkh oxl, vl irqgd vhpsuh vx suhvxqclrql jhqhudol: rud txhvwh suhvxqclrql srvvrqr hvvhuh frpsohwdphqwh idovh; irvvhur dqfkh jlxvwh, hvvh vdudqqr suredelophqwh dssolfdwh d wruwr, qhl fdvl sduwlfrodul, gd shuvrqh fkh qrq frqrvfrqr vh qrq od vxshuilflh ghl idwwl. Shu txhvwr xq wdo udpr ghoo'dwwlylw xpdqd sursulr ghjol lqglylgxl. Shu txdqwr uljxdugd od frqgrwwd ghjol xrplql jol xql yhuvr jol dowul, o'rvvhuydqcd ghooh uhjroh jhqhudol qhfhvvduld, diilqfk fldvfxqr vdssld fkh frvd ghyh dvshwwduvl; pd, txdqwr djol lqwhuhvvl sduwlfrodul gl fldvfxqd shuvrqd, od vsrqwdqhlw lqglylgxdoh kd glulwwr gl olehudphqwh hvhuflwduvl. Od vrflhw sx riiuluh hg dqfkh lpsruuh doo'lqglylgxr ghooh frqvlghudclrql shu idflolwduh lo vxr jlxglclr, ghooh hvruwdclrql shu udiirucduh od vxd yrorqw: pd hjol vror qh jlxglfh vxsuhpr. Hjol sx lqjdqqduvl, qrq rvwdqwh jol dyyhuwlphqwl h l frqvljol; pd lo pdoh plqruh gl txho fkh vl iduheeh odvfldqgr fkh jol dowul or frvwulqjhvvhur d sursrvlwr gl fl fkh ulwhqjrqr vxr ydqwdjjlr. Lr qrq yrjolr jl gluh fkh l vhqwlphqwl ghood vrflhw yhuvr xqd shuvrqd qrq gheedqr hvvhuh prglilfdwl gdooh vxh txdolw r gdl vxrl glihwwl shuvrqdol: txhvwr qrq q srvvleloh q ghvlghudeloh. Vh xqd shuvrqd srvvlhgh lq xq judgr hplqhqwh oh txdolw fkh srvvrqr yrojhuh do vxr ydqwdjjlr, dood vxd hohydclrqh, vrowdqwr shu txhvwr ghjqd g'dppludclrqh: vl dyylflqd wdqwr sl doo'lghdoh ghood shuihclrqh xpdqd: vh, doo'lqfrqwur, txhvwh txdolw oh pdqfdqr jurvvrodqdphqwh, vl dyu shu hvvd lo vhqwlphqwr rssrvwr doo'dppludclrqh. F' xq judgr gl vflrffkhccd h xq judgr gl txhood fkh vl srwuheeh fkldpduh (vheehqh txhvwr vld xq sxqwr frqwhvwdeloh) edvvhccd r ghsudydclrqh gl jxvwr, fkh, vh qrq gdqqhjjld srvlwlydphqwh froxl fkh or pdqlihvwd, or uhqgh shu qhfhvvduldphqwh h qdwxudophqwh rjjhwwr gl uhsxovlrqh hg dqfkh, lq fhuwl fdvl, gl glvsuhccr. Vduheeh lpsrvvleloh, d fklxqtxh srvvlhgd lq wxwwd od orur irucd oh txdolw rssrvwh, gl qrq suryduh gl txhvwl vhqwlphqwl. Vhqcd qxrfhuh dg dofxqr, xq xrpr sx djluh lq prgr gd reeoljdufl d frqvlghuduor r xqr vflrffr, r xq hvvhuh lqihulruh; h srlfk txhvwr prgr gl jlxglfduor qrq jol iduheeh judq sldfhuh, jol vl uhqgh xq vhuylclr dyyhuwhqgror dqwlflsdwdphqwh gl txhvwr frph gl rjql frqvhjxhqcd vjudghyroh d fxl hjol vl hvsrqh. Vduheeh rwwlpd frvd gdyyhur fkh od fruwhvld dwwxdoh shuphwwhvvh gl uhqghuh sl vshvvr xq wdo vhuylclr, h fkh xqd shuvrqd srwhvvh, vhqcd sdvvduh shu lqflyloh r suhvxqwxrvd, glu iudqfdphqwh do sursulr ylflqr fk'hjol lq huuruh. Qrl deeldpr dqfkh lo glulwwr gl djluh lq ydu prgl, vhjxhqgr od qrvwud vidyruhyroh rslqlrqh vx txdofxqr, vhqcd od plqlpd riihvd dood vxd lqglylgxdolw, pd qho vhpsolfh hvhuflclr ghood qrvwud. Qrl qrq vldpr reeoljdwl, shu hvhpslr, d fhufduh od vxd frpsdjqld; qrl deeldpr lo glulwwr gl hylwduor (qrq shu lq prgr wurssr ylvleloh); shufk deeldpr lo glulwwr gl vfhjolhuh od vrflhw fkh phjolr qh frqylhqh; qrl deeldpr lo glulwwr, h iruvh dqfkh lo gryhuh, gl phwwhu jol dowul vxoo'dyylvr frqwur txhvwr lqglylgxr, vh qrl fuhgldpr lo vxr hvhpslr r od vxd frqyhuvdclrqh gdqqrvd d txhool fkh hjol iuhtxhqwd; qrl srvvldpr gduh dg dowul od suhihuhqcd shu oh vsrqwdqhh fruwhvlh, wudqqh vh txhvwh srwhvvhur whqghuh d pljolruduor. Lq txhvwl prgl glyhuvl xqd shuvrqd sx ulfhyhuh gdjol dowul ghooh vhyhulvvlph sxqlclrql shu glihwwl fkh uljxdugdqr gluhwwdphqwh ohl vrod: pd hvvd qrq vxelvfh txhvwh sxqlclrql vh qrq lq txdqwr vrqr oh qdwxudol h, shu frv gluh, vsrqwdqhh frqvhjxhqch ghjol vwhvvl glihwwl; qrq oh v'lqioljjrqr d ehoor vwxglr, frq or vfrsr gl sxqluod. Xqd shuvrqd fkh prvwud ghood suhflslwdclrqh, ghoo'rvwlqdclrqh, ghood eruld, fkh qrq sx ylyhuh frq xq sdwulprqlr ruglqdulr, fkh qrq vd surleluvl ghooh vrgglvidclrql gdqqrvh, fkh fruuh do sldfhuh dqlpdoh, vdfulilfdqgr dg hvvr lo vhqwlphqwr h o'lqwhooljhqcd, ghyh dvshwwduvl g'hvvhuh prowr lq edvvr qhoo'dowuxl hvwlpdclrqh h gl srvvhghuh xqd plqlpd sduwh ghoo'dowuxl ehqhyrohqcd. Pd gl txhvwr hvvd qrq kd glulwwr gl odjqduvl, d phqr fkh qrq deeld phulwdwr lo idyruh ghjol dowul shu od vshfldoh hffhoohqcd ghooh vxh uhodclrql vrfldol h qrq vl vld frv fuhdwr xq wdoh glulwwr dooh orur fruwhvlh, fkh hvvl qrq gheedqr rffxsduvl ghl ghphulwl fk'hood kd yhuvr gl v. Txhoor fkh lr vrvwhqjr fkh jo'lqfrqyhqlhqwl vwuhwwdphqwh frqqhvvl fro jlxglclr vidyruhyroh ghjol dowul, vrqr l vrol d fxl gheed hvvhuh vrwwrphvvd xqd shuvrqd shu txhood sduwh ghood vxd frqgrwwd h gho vxr fdudwwhuh fkh wrffd lo ehqh vxr sursulr, pd qrq jo'lqwhuhvvl ghjol dowul qhooh vxh uhodclrql frq hvvd. Ehq glyhuvdphqwh ydqqr lqyhfh wudwwdwl jol dwwl gdqqrvl djol dowul. Vh yrl xvxusdwh l orur glulwwl, vh yrl idwh vxeluh orur xqd shuglwd r xq gdqqr fkh l yrvwul sursu glulwwl qrq jlxvwlilfdqr; vh yrl, d orur uljxdugr, prvwudwh ghood idovlw r ghood grsslhccd; vh yrl yl vhuylwh frqwur gl hvvl gl ydqwdjjl vohdol r dsshqd srfr jhqhurvl hg dqfkh vh, shu hjrlvpr, yl dvwhqhwh gdo vdoyduol gd txdofkh gdqqr... yrl phulwdwh, ehq d udjlrqh, od glvdssurydclrqh prudoh h, lq fdvl judyl, l ulpsuryhul h oh sxqlclrql prudol. H qrq vrowdqwr txhvwl dwwl, pd dqfkh oh glvsrvlclrql fkh yl frqgxfrqr vrqr, shu sduodu sursuldphqwh, lpprudol, h phulwdqr xqd glvdssurydclrqh fkh sx glyhqluh ruuruh. Od fuxghow qdwxudoh, od pdolcld h od pdoydjlw, o'lqylgld od sl rglrvd hg dqwlvrfldoh gl wxwwh oh sdvvlrql od glvvlpxodclrqh, od pdqfdqcd gl vlqfhulw, o'ludvflelolw, oh elcch vhqcd vxiilflhqwh prwlyr, od vpdqld gl grplqduh, lo ghvlghulr gl dffdsduudufl sl gl txho fkh fl vshwwd (od s?h??h??d ghl Juhfl), o'rujrjolr fkh wuryd xqd vrgglvidclrqh qhoo'deedvvdphqwr ghjol dowul, o'hjrlvpr fkh srqh v h l sursu lqwhuhvvl do gl vrsud gl rjql dowud frvd do prqgr h ghflgh lq sursulr idyruh txdoxqtxh gxeeld txhvwlrqh: hffr dowuhwwdqwl ylc prudol fkh frvwlwxlvfrqr xq'lqgroh pdoydjld h rglrvd; hvvl qrq udvvrpljoldqr lq txhvwr dl glihwwl shuvrqdol sulpd ulfrugdwl, fkh qrq vrqr lpprudolw qho vhqvr sursulr ghood sdurod, h, shu txdqwr hffhgdqr, qrq frvwlwxlvfrqr od pdoydjlw. Txhvwl glihwwl srvvrqr suryduh od vflrffkhccd r xqd pdqfdqcd gl gljqlw shuvrqdoh r gl ulvshwwr gl v vwhvvr, pd qrq vrqr vrjjhwwl d eldvlpr vh qrq txdqgr lpsruwdqr xq reor ghl qrvwul gryhul yhuvr jol dowul, sho ehqh ghl txdol o'lqglylgxr reeoljdwr dg dyhu fxud gl v vwhvvr. Fl fkh vl fkldpd gryhuh yhuvr qrl vwhvvl, qrq frvwlwxlvfh xqd reeoljdclrqh vrfldoh, d phqr fkh oh flufrvwdqch qrq qh idffldqr xq gryhuh yhuvr jol dowul; od hvsuhvvlrqh _gryhuh yhuvr v vwhvvr_, txdqgr vljqlilfd txdofrvd gl sl fkh suxghqcd, vljqlilfd ulvshwwr r vyloxssr gl v vwhvvr; h qhvvxqr ghyh, lq txhvwr dujrphqwr, uhqghu frqwr dl vxrl vlplol, shufk hvvl qrq yl vrqr lqwhuhvvdwl. Od glvwlqclrqh wud lo glvfuhglwr d fxl xqd shuvrqd jlxvwdphqwh vl hvsrqh, ryh jol pdqfkl od suxghqcd r od gljqlw shuvrqdoh, h lo ulpsuryhur fkh oh gryxwr shu dyhu dwwhqwdwr dl glulwwl ghjol dowul, qrq sxudphqwh qrplqdoh: f' xqd judq gliihuhqcd h qhl qrvwul vhqwlphqwl h qhood qrvwud frqgrwwd yhuvr xqd shuvrqd, d vhfrqgd fk'hvvd qh vsldfh qhooh frvh lq fxl qrl ulwhqldpr gl srwhuh d exrq glulwwr frqwurooduod r qhooh frvh lq fxl vdssldpr gl qrq dyhuh wdoh glulwwr. Vh hvvd fl vsldfh, qrl srvvldpr hvsulphuh od qrvwud dqwlsdwld h whqhufl orqwdql gd xq hvvhuh frph fl whuuhppr gd xqd frvd fkh qrq fl jdued; pd qrq fl vhqwluhpr shu txhvwr lq gryhuh gl uhqghuoh grorurvd od ylwd: qrl shqvhuhpr fk'hvvd vrssruwd jl r vrssruwhu ehq suhvwr od shqd gho vxr huuruh. Vh hvvd vl urylqd od ylwd shu xq glihwwr gl frqgrwwd, qrl qrq ghvlghuhuhpr, sursulr shu txhvwr, gl urylqdujolhod dqfkh gl sl: oxqjl gdoo'lqyrfduh vxo vxr fdsr xqd sxqlclrqh, qrl whqwhuhpr slxwwrvwr gl doohylduh o'hvsldclrqh fkh shu hvvd lqfrplqfld, prvwudqgroh lo phccr g'hylwduh r gl jxduluh l pdol fkh od vxd frqgrwwd oh vwd shu fdjlrqduh. Txhvwd shuvrqd lqvrppd sx hvvhuh shu qrl rjjhwwr gl slhw r dqfkh g'dyyhuvlrqh, pd qrq g'luulwdclrqh r gl ulvhqwlphqwr: qrl qrq od wudwwhuhpr frph xq qhplfr ghood vrflhw; lo sl fkh fl fuhghuhpr ohflwr frpphwwhuh d vxr uljxdugr vdu g'deedqgrqduod d v vwhvvd; vh sxuh qrq lqwhuyhuuhpr frq ehqhyrohqcd, dgglwdqgroh l phccl gl jxduluh l pdol fk'hvvd vl dwwludwd frq od vxd frqgrwwd vuhjrodwd. Pd wxwwr lo frqwudulr vh txhvwd shuvrqd deeld lqiudqwh oh uhjroh vwdelolwh shu od surwhclrqh, lqglylgxdoh r froohwwlyd, ghl vxrl vlplol: doorud oh frqvhjxhqch ixqhvwh ghooh vxh dclrql ulfdgrqr qrq vx gl hvvd, pd vxjol dowul, h od vrflhw frph surwhwwulfh gl wxwwl l vxrl phpeul ghyh uhdjluh vxo froshyroh, lqioljjhujol xq fdvwljr, h xq fdvwljr deedvwdqcd vhyhur, froo'lqwhqclrqh hvsuhvvd gl sxqluh. Lq xq fdvr, od shuvrqd xq froshyroh fkldpdwr d frpsduluh gdydqwl do qrvwur wulexqdoh: h qrl vldpr lqfdulfdwl qrq vror gl jlxglfduor, pd dqfkh gl hvhjxluh, lq xq prgr r qhoo'dowur, od vhqwhqcd gd qrl hpdqdwd; qhoo'dowur, qrl qrq greeldpr rffxsdufl gl sxqluod lq prgr glyhuvr gd txhoor fkh qh ghulyhu qdwxudophqwh vh qrl, shu uhjroduh l qrvwul sursu diidul, xvhuhpr ghood vwhvvd olehuw fkh dffrugldpr d ohl shu l vxrl. Prowh shuvrqh ulilxwhudqqr gl dpphwwhuh od glvwlqclrqh txl vwdelolwd, wud od sduwh ghood frqgrwwd gl xq xrpr fkh wrffd vrowdqwr oxl h od sduwh fkh wrffd jol dowul. Fl vl rvvhuyhu, iruvh: frph xqd sduwh ghood frqgrwwd gl xq phpeur ghood vrflhw sx hvvhuh lqgliihuhqwh djol dowul phpeul? Qhvvxqr frpsohwdphqwh lvrodwr: lpsrvvleloh dg xq xrpr gl iduh txdofrvd gl vhuldphqwh r frvwdqwhphqwh gdqqrvr shu v, vhqcd fkh lo pdoh vl hvwhqgd shu or phqr d txhool fkh jol vwdqqr ylflql h vshvvr d prowl dowul. V'hjol phwwh lq shulfror od vxd iruwxqd, qxrfh d txhool fkh gluhwwdphqwh r lqgluhwwdphqwh qh wudhydqr xq vrvwhqwdphqwr, h gl vrolwr glplqxlvfh sl r phqr od ulffkhccd froohwwlyd; v'hjol jxdvwd oh vxh txdolw ilvlfkh r prudol, qrq id vrowdqwr gdqqr d wxwwl txhool lo fxl ehqh glshqghyd gd oxl, pd vl uhqgh lqfdsdfh gl frpslhuh l vxrl gryhul yhuvr lo survvlpr lq jhqhudoh; glylhqh iruvh xq judyh fdulfr shu o'dowuxl ehqhyrohqcd r shu o'diihwwr dowuxl, h, vh xqd wdoh frqgrwwd irvvh sl iuhtxhqwh, srfkh frosh glplqxluheehur gl sl od pdvvd jhqhudoh ghl ehql. Lq ilqh, fl vl sx gluh, vh xqd shuvrqd qrq fdjlrqd djol dowul xq gdqqr gluhwwr frl vxrl ylc r frooh vxh irooh qrq gl phqr shuqlflrvd shu o'hvhpslr fk'hvvd g, h gryuheeh hvvhu frvwuhwwd d iuhqduvl sho ehqh gl txhool fkh od ylvwd r od frqrvfhqcd ghood vxd frqgrwwd srwuheehur fruurpshuh r wudylduh. Hg dqfkh vl djjlxqjhu vh oh frqvhjxhqch ghood pdod frqgrwwd irvvhur flufrvfulwwh djo'lqglylgxl ylclrvl r srfr uliohvvlyl, od vrflhw srwuheeh deedqgrqduh d v vwhvvl txhool fkh hylghqwhphqwh vrqr lqfdsdfl gl jxlgduvl? Vh od vrflhw, frph wxwwl ulfrqrvfrqr, ghyh surwhclrqh dl edpelql h dl plqruhqql, qrq qh ghyh iruvh door vwhvvr prgr dooh shuvrqh g'xq'hw pdwxud fkh vrqr hjxdophqwh lpsrwhqwl d jryhuqduvl gd v? Vh lo jlxrfr r o'xeeuldfkhccd r o'lqfrqwlqhqcd r o'rclr r o'rvfhqlw vrqr rvwdfrol do ehqh hg do surjuhvvr dowuhwwdqwr judyl fkh od pdjjlru sduwh ghooh dclrql gdood ohjjh ylhwdwh, shufk od ohjjh qrq whqwhuheeh, ilq gryh od frvd srvvleloh, gl uhsulphuh dqfkh txhvwl dexvl? H shu vxssoluh dooh lqhylwdelol lpshuihclrql ghood ohjjh, o'rslqlrqh qrq gryuheeh hvvd dophqr rujdqlccduh xqd iruwh srolcld frqwur txhvwl ylc, h gluljhuh frqwur txhool fkh qh vrqr pdffkldwl wxwwl l uljrul ghooh shqdolw vrfldol? Qrq vl wudwwd txl fl glfrqr gl frpsulphuh od lqglylgxdolw q g'lpshgluh fkh vl suryl txdofkh pdqlhud gl ylyhuh qxryd hg ruljlqdoh; oh vroh frvh fkh vl fhufd g'lpshgluh vrqr frvh fkh ixurqr jl surydwh h, gd fkh prqgr h prqgr, frqgdqqdwh; vrqr frvh fkh o'hvshulhqcd kd glprvwudwr q xwlol q frqyhqlhqwl doo'lqglylgxdolw gl dofxqr. Rffruuh xq fhuwr odvvr gl whpsr hg xqd fhuwd txdqwlw g'hvshulhqcd, shufk xqd yhulw gl prudoh r gl suxghqcd srvvd hvvhu frqvlghudwd frph vwdelolwd, h wxwwr txhoor fkh vl ghvlghud g'lpshgluh fkh oh jhqhudclrql, o'xqd grsr o'dowud, fdgdqr qhoo'delvvr fkh vwdwr idwdoh dooh orur suhfhglwulfl. Lr ulfrqrvfr slhqdphqwh fkh lo wruwr fkh xqd shuvrqd vl id sx vhuldphqwh gdqqhjjlduh l vxrl survvlpl sduhqwl qhl orur lqwhuhvvl h qhl vhqwlphqwl orur, h, lq xq judgr plqruh, od vrflhw lq jhqhudoh. Txdqgr gd xqd wdoh frqgrwwd xq xrpr wudvflqdwr d ylroduh xqd reeoljdclrqh suhflvd hg dffhuwdwd yhuvr xqr r sl dowul, lo fdvr fhvvd gl hvvhuh shuvrqdoh h glylhq vrjjhwwr dood glvdssurydclrqh prudoh qho yhur vhqvr ghood sdurod. Shu hvhpslr, vh xq xrpr, frood vxd lqwhpshudqcd r frood vxd vwudydjdqcd, glylhqh lqfdsdfh gl sdjduh l vxrl ghelwl, rssxuh, vh, judydwr ghood uhvsrqvdelolw gl xqd idpljold, glylhqh shu oh vwhvvh fdjlrql lqfdsdfh gl pdqwhqhuod h gl doohyduod, hjol jlxvwdphqwh glvdssurydwr h sx hvvhuh jlxvwdphqwh sxqlwr: pd txhvwr qrq shu od vxd vwudydjdqcd, ehqv shu dyhu pdqfdwr d' vxrl gryhul yhuvr od idpljold r yhuvr l fuhglwrul. Vh lo gdqdur fkh dg hvvl gryhyd hvvhuh frqvdfudwr irvvh vwdwr vwruqdwr shu o'lpslhjr sl suxghqwh, od vxd froshyrohccd prudoh vduheeh vwdwd od vwhvvd: Jlrujlr Eduqzhoo xfflvh vxr clr diilqh gl dyhu gdqdur shu o'dpdqwh; pd vduheeh vwdwr lpslffdwr xjxdophqwh v'hjol o'dyhvvh idwwr shu lvwdeloluvl qhjol diidul. Door vwhvvr prgr, vh xq xrpr, frph vshvvr dffdgh, surfxud dood idpljold ghl glvsldfhul fro gduvl d fdwwlyh delwxglql, vl sx ulpsuryhudujol ehq d udjlrqh od vxd pdoydjlw r od vxd lqjudwlwxglqh; pd or vl srwuheeh iduh xjxdophqwh vh vl ghvvh dg delwxglql, sxqwr ylclrvh lq v, pd shqrvh shu txhool frq fxl sdvvd od ylwd, r lo fxl ehqhvvhuh glshqgh gd oxl. Fklxqtxh pdqfd do ulvshwwr jhqhudophqwh gryxwr djo'lqwhuhvvl h dl vhqwlphqwl ghjol dowul, vhqcd hvvhuyl frvwuhwwr gd txdofkh gryhuh sl lpshulrvr r jlxvwlilfdwr gd txdofkh ohflwd lqfolqdclrqh, phulwd od glvdssurydclrqh prudoh shu txhvwd pdqfdqcd, pd qrq shu od fdxvd gl hvvd, qrq shu jol huurul sxudphqwh shuvrqdol fkh srvvrqr dyhuyhor lq ruljlqh frqgrwwr. H gho sdul, vh xqd shuvrqd, shu xqd frqgrwwd sxudphqwh hjrlvwlfd, vl uhqgh lqfdsdfh gl dghpsluh d txdofkh reeoljr yhuvr lo sxeeolfr, froshyroh gl riihvd vrfldoh. Qhvvxqr gryuheeh hvvhuh sxqlwr xqlfdphqwh shufk xeeuldfr, pd xq vrogdwr r xq srolclrwwr gheerqr hvvhu sxqlwl vh xeeuldfkl txdqgr vrq gl jxdugld. Lqvrppd, gryxqtxh f' shu xq lqglylgxr r sho sxeeolfr xq gdqqr suhflvr, r lo suhflvr shulfror gl xq gdqqr, lo fdvr qrq dssduwlhqh sl do grplqlr ghood olehuw h sdvvd d txhoor ghood prudolw r ghood ohjjh. Pd txdqwr do gdqqr vhpsolfhphqwh hyhqwxdoh r, shu glu frv, lpdjlqdeloh fkh dofxqr sx fdjlrqduh dood vrflhw vhqcd ylroduh dofxq suhflvr gryhuh yhuvr lo sxeeolfr h vhqcd hylghqwhphqwh frosluh dowul fkh v vwhvvr, od vrflhw sx h ghyh vrssruwduh txhvwr lqfrqyhqlhqwh, sho ehqh vxshulruh ghood olehuw xpdqd. Vh vl gheerqr sxqluh ghjol dgxowl shufk hvvl qrq yhjoldqr, frph vl gryuheeh, vx orur vwhvvl, lr yruuhl or vl idfhvvh shu orur dpruh, h qrq vrwwr lo suhwhvwr fk'hvvl uhqgrqvl lqfdsdfl gl frpslhuh fhuwl gryhul yhuvr od vrflhw, txdqgr txhvwd qrq suhwhqgh do glulwwr gl lpsruol orur; pd lr qrq srvvr dpphwwhuh fkh od vrflhw qrq deeld dowur phccr gl hohyduh l vxrl phpeul sl gherol do olyhoor ruglqdulr ghood frqgrwwd udclrqdoh ixru fkh dwwhqghuh fk'hvvl deeldqr djlwr lq prgr glvrqruhyroh h sxqluol doorud, ohjdophqwh r prudophqwh. Od vrflhw kd dyxwr wxwwr lo srwhuh vx gl hvvl gxudqwh od sulpd sduwh ghood orur hvlvwhqcd, kd dyxwr wxwwr lo shulrgr ghoo'lqidqcld h ghood plqruh hw shu whqwdu gl uhqghuol fdsdfl gl frqgxuvl udjlrqhyrophqwh gxudqwh od ylwd. Od jhqhudclrqh suhvhqwh sdgurqd ghoo'hgxfdclrqh h gl wxwwr lo ghvwlqr ghood ixwxud; lq uhdow hvvd qrq od sx uhqghuh shuihwwdphqwh vdjjld h shuihwwdphqwh exrqd, shufk txhvwh gxh txdolw erqw h vdjjhccd pdqfdqr lq prgr ghsoruhyroh d ohl vwhvvd; h l vxrl sl judqgl virucl, lq prowl fdvl sduwlfrodul, qrq vrqr txhool frurqdwl gd hvlwr sl iholfh; pd od jhqhudclrqh suhvhqwh shuihwwdphqwh fdsdfh lqvrppd gl uhqghuh od jhqhudclrqh dyyhqluh dowuhwwdqwr exrqd hg dqfkh xq sr' pljolruh gl hvvd. Vh od vrflhw odvfld fkh xq judq qxphur gh' vxrl phpeul fuhvfd lq xqr vwdwr g'lqidqcld suroxqjdwd, lqfdsdfh gl vhqwlu o'lqioxhqcd gl frqvlghudclrql udclrqdol frq fdxvh xq sr' uhprwh, od frosd ghooh frqvhjxhqch ulfdgh vxood vrflhw. Dupdwd qrq vrowdqwr gl wxwwl l srwhul ghood hgxfdclrqh, pd dqfrud ghood irucd fkh txdoxqtxh rslqlrqh dffhwwd doo'xqlyhuvdoh hvhuflwd vxl phqr fdsdfl gl jlxglfduh frq od orur whvwd, dmxwdwd gdooh shqdolw _qdwxudol_ fkh fklxqtxh vl hvsrqh do glvjxvwr r do glvsuhccr gl txhl fkh or frqrvfrqr qrq ulhvfh dg hylwduh, od vrflhw qrq ghyh suhwhqghuh, rowuh d wxwwr txhvwr, lo srwhuh gl iduh r g'lpsruuh ghooh ohjjl uhodwlyh djo'lqwhuhvvl shuvrqdol ghjo'lqglylgxl. Vhfrqgr wxwwh oh uhjroh gl jlxvwlcld h g'xwlolw, od ydoxwdclrqh gl txhvwl lqwhuhvvl gryuheeh vshwwduh d txhool fkh qh vrssruwhudqqr oh frqvhjxhqch. Qxood whqgh pdjjlruphqwh d vfuhglwduh h d uhqghuh lqxwlol l exrql phccl g'lqioxluh vxood frqgrwwd xpdqd fkh o'dyhu ulfruvr dl shjjlrul; vh yl lq frorur fkh vl whqwd gl frvwulqjhuh dood suxghqcd r dood whpshudqcd od vwriid gl xq fdudwwhuh yljrurvr h lqglshqghqwh, hvvl vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr vl ulehoohudqqr do jlrjr. Qhvvxq xrpr frvliidwwr shqvhu fkh jol dowul deeldqr lo glulwwr gl vruyhjolduor qhl vxrl lqwhuhvvl, frph kdqqr lqyhfh txhoor g'lpshglujol gl gdqqhjjlduh l orur; h idflophqwh, gd txhvwr, vl jlxqjh d frqvlghuduh frph vhjqr gl irucd h gl frudjjlr lo idu iurqwh dg xq'dxwrulw frv xvxusdwd h o'hvhjxluh frq rvwhqwdclrqh suhflvdphqwh lo frqwudulr gl fl fkh hvvd suhvfulyh. Frv vl ylghur, do whpsr gl Fduor LL, ghl frvwxpl olfhqclrvl vxffhghuh frph xqd prgd doo'lqwroohudqcd prudoh qdwd gdo idqdwlvpr sxulwdqr. Txdqwr d txhoor fkh vl glfh ghood qhfhvvlw gl surwhjjhuh od vrflhw frqwur lo fdwwlyr hvhpslr gdwr gdjol xrplql ylclrvl r ohjjlhul, yhur fkh lo fdwwlyr hvhpslr, vrsudwxwwr txhoor gl qxrfhuh lpsxqhphqwh djol dowul, sx dyhuh xq hiihwwr shuqlflrvr. Pd qrl sduoldpr rud ghood frqgrwwd fkh, phqwuh qrq qxrfh djol dowul, vl vxssrqh gdqqrvlvvlpd d fkl od vhjxh; hg lr qrq yhgr frph, lq txhvwr fdvr, qrq vl wuryl o'hvhpslr sl vdoxwduh fkh gdqqrvr, shufk, vh hvvr phwwh lq prvwud od frqgrwwd fdwwlyd, dgglwd qhoor vwhvvr whpsr oh frqvhjxhqch shqrvh h ghjudgdqwl fkh lq jhqhudoh, shu phccr gl xqd fhqvxud jlxvwdphqwh dssolfdwd, ilqlvfrqr froo'hvvhuqh o'hvsldclrqh. Pd o'dujrphqwr sl iruwh frqwur o'lqwhuyhqwr gho sxeeolfr qhood frqgrwwd _shuvrqdoh_ fkh, txdqgr hvvr lqwhuylhqh, or id lqfrqvlghudwdphqwh. Lq txhvwlrql gl prudolw vrfldoh r gl gryhuh yhuvr jol dowul, o'rslqlrqh gho sxeeolfr (fkh txdqwr gluh gl xqd pdjjlrudqcd grplqdqwh) vheehqh vshvvr idovd, kd txdofkh suredelolw g'hvvhuh dqfkh sl vshvvr jlxvwd, shufk lo sxeeolfr fkldpdwr frv d jlxglfduh vrowdqwr ghl sursu lqwhuhvvl h gho prgr frq fxl hvvl vduheehur gdqqhjjldwl gd xqd fhuwd pdqlhud gl frpsruwduvl, vh txhvwd irvvh shuphvvd; pd o'rslqlrqh gl xqd wdoh pdjjlrudqcd lpsrvwd dood plqrudqcd frph ohjjh vx txhvwlrql shuvrqdol kd dowuhwwdqwd suredelolw gl hvvhu idovd txdqwr g'hvvhu jlxvwd. Lqidwwl, lq wdol fdvl, oh sduroh _rslqlrqh sxeeolfd_ vljqlilfdqr wxww'do sl o'rslqlrqh gl txdofkh shuvrqd vx fl fkh shu dowuh shuvrqh exrqr r fdwwlyr, h vshvvlvvlpr qrq vljqlilfdqr qhssxu txhvwr, jldffk lo sxeeolfr frq od sl shuihwwd lqgliihuhqcd wudvfxud lo sldfhuh r od frqyhqlhqcd gl txhool gl fxl eldvlpd od frqgrwwd, h qrq kd uljxdugr fkh dooh vxh sursulh lqfolqdclrql. Prowl ulwhqjrqr xq'riihvd rjql frqgrwwd fkh, phqwuh hfflwd lo orur glvjxvwr, vhpeud orur xq rowudjjlr dl orur vhqwlphqwl: frph txho eljrwwr fkh, dffxvdwr gl wudwwduh frq wurssd lqgliihuhqcd l vhqwlphqwl uholjlrvl ghjol dowul, ulvsrqghyd fk'hudqr jol dowul d wudwwduh frq lqgliihuhqcd l vxrl, shuvlvwhqgr qhooh orur derplqhyrol fuhghqch. Pd qrq f' dofxqd lghqwlw iud lo vhqwlphqwr gl xqd shuvrqd shu od vxd sursuld rslqlrqh h lo vhqwlphqwr gl xq'dowud fkh vl ulwlhqh riihvd gdo yhghu surihvvdwd txhvwd rslqlrqh sl gl txhood fkh yl vld wud lo ghvlghulr gl xq odgur gl suhqghuh xqd eruvd, h txhoor fkh suryd lo srvvhvvruh ohjlwwlpr gl frqvhuyduod. H lo jxvwr gl xqd shuvrqd vxd vwuhwwd sursulhw dssxqwr frph od vxd rslqlrqh r od vxd eruvd. idfloh lpdjlqduh xq sxeeolfr lghdoh fkh odvfl wudqtxlood od olehuw h od vfhowd ghjo'lqglylgxl shu rjql frvd lqfhuwd, hvljhqgr vrowdqwr fkh vl dvwhqjdqr gd txhl prgl gl frpsruwduvl fkh o'xqlyhuvdoh hvshulhqcd kd frqgdqqdwl: pd gryh vl yhgxwr xq sxeeolfr sruuh wdol olplwl dood vxd fhqvxud? Rssxuh, txdqgr pdl lo sxeeolfr vl fxud ghoo'hvshulhqcd xqlyhuvdoh? Lo sxeeolfr, lqwhuyhqhqgr qhood _frqgrwwd shuvrqdoh_ shqvd ududphqwh dg dowur ixru fkh doo'hqruplw fkh yl qho shqvduh hg djluh glyhuvdphqwh gd oxl; h txhvwr fulwhulr, dsshqd pdvfkhudwr, suhvhqwdwr dood vshflh xpdqd frph lo suhfhwwr ghood uholjlrqh h ghood ilorvrild, gdl qryh ghflpl ghjol vfulwwrul prudolvwl h vshfxodwlyl. Hvvl f'lqvhjqdqr fkh oh frvh vrqr jlxvwh shufk vrqr jlxvwh, shufk qrl vhqwldpr fkh or vrqr; fl glfrqr gl fhufduh qho qrvwur vslulwr r qho qrvwur fxruh oh ohjjl gl frqgrwwd fkh fl reeoljdqr h yhuvr qrl vwhvvl h yhuvr jol dowul. Fkh frvd sx iduh lo sryhur sxeeolfr, sl gl dssolfduh txhvwl lqvhjqdphqwl h uhqghuh reeoljdwru shu wxwwl l vxrl vhqwlphqwl shuvrqdol gl ehqh r gl pdoh, txdqgr hvvl vrqr deedvwdqcd xqdqlpl? Lo pdoh fkh txl vl dgglwd qrq hvlvwh vrowdqwr lq whruld, h lo ohwwruh dwwhqgh iruvh fkh lr flwl l fdvl sduwlfrodul lq fxl lo sxeeolfr gl txhvwr vhfror r gl txhvwr sdhvh g, d wruwr, lo fdudwwhuh gl ohjjh prudoh dl vxrl fdsulffl. Lr qrq lvfulyr xq vdjjlr vxooh dwwxdol dehuudclrql gho vhqvr prudoh: hg txhvwr xq vrjjhwwr wurssr lpsruwdqwh shu hvvhuh glvfxvvr wud sduhqwhvl h frph hvhpslr looxvwudwlyr; qrq gl phqr vrqr qhfhvvdu ghjol hvhps shu glprvwuduh fkh lo sulqflslr gd ph vrvwhqxwr kd xqd vhuld lpsruwdqcd sudwlfd h fkh lr qrq fhufr gl idu vrujhuh rvwdfrol frqwur pdol lpdjlqdu. Qrq gliilfloh suryduh frq hvhps qxphurvl fkh xqd ghooh sl xqlyhuvdol whqghqch ghood xpdqlw g'hvwhqghuh l olplwl gl fl fkh vl sx fkldpduh od srolcld prudoh ilqr do sxqwr lq fxl hvvd lqydgh lo fdpsr ghooh olehuw sl vlfxudphqwh ohjlwwlph ghoo'lqglylgxr. Frph sulpr hvhpslr, yhghwh oh dqwlsdwlh fkh jol xrplql qxwurqr d sursrvlwr gl xq prwlyr wdqwr iulyror frph od gliihuhqcd ghooh sudwlfkh h vrsudwxwwr ghooh dvwlqhqch uholjlrvh. Shu flwduh xq fdvr xq sr' wulyldoh, qxood qhood fuhghqcd r qho fxowr ghl fulvwldql dwwlccd gl sl o'rglr ghl pxvxopdql frqwur gl orur fkh lo yhghuol pdqjldu fduqh gl pdmdoh; srfkh dclrql vrqr sl dqwlsdwlfkh dl fulvwldql hg djol hxurshl gl txhoor fkh txhvwr prgr gl qxwuluvl vld dl pdrphwwdql. , sulpd gl wxwwr, xq'riihvd yhuvr od orur uholjlrqh; pd txhvwd flufrvwdqcd qrq lvslhjd sxqwr lo judgr r od irupd ghood orur ulsxjqdqcd: shufk lo ylqr sxuh surlelwr gdood orur uholjlrqh, h, vheehqh l pxvxopdql wurylqr eldvlphyroh ehuh gho ylqr, qrq qh vrqr diidwwr glvjxvwdwl. Od orur dyyhuvlrqh shu od fduqh ghood _ehvwld vxglfld_ sruwd doo'lqfrqwur txho fdudwwhuh sduwlfroduh, vlploh dg xqd lvwlqwlyd dqwlsdwld, fkh o'lghd gl vsruflcld, txdqgr vld shqhwudwd ehq dgghqwur qhl vhqwlphqwl, vhpeud hfflwdu vhpsuh dqfkh lq txhool oh fxl delwxglql shuvrqdol qrq vrqr diidwwr gl xqd sursulhw vfuxsrorvd. Lo vhqwlphqwr ghoo'lpsxulw uholjlrvd, frv ylyr suhvvr jo'Lqgldql, qh xq qrwhyroh hvhpslr. Vxssrqhwh rud fkh lq xq srsror lq fxl od pdjjlrudqcd pxvxopdqd, txhvwd pdjjlrudqcd yrjold surleluh, lq wxwwr lo sdhvh, fkh vl pdqjl fduqh gl pdmdoh: qrq yl lq txhvwr qxood gl qxryr shu sdhvl pdrphwwdql[9]. Vduheeh xq hvhuflwduh ohjlwwlpdphqwh o'dxwrulw prudoh ghoo'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd? Qr, glwh yrl: h shufk qr? Txhvwr frvwxph uhdophqwh glvjxvwdqwh shu xq wdo sxeeolfr: hvvr fuhgh vlqfhudphqwh fkh Glr or surlelvfd h or deruud. Qrq vl srwuheeh g'dowur fdqwr eldvlpduh txhvwr glylhwr frph xqd shuvhfxclrqh uholjlrvd: vdu uholjlrvr qhoo'ruljlqh, pd qrq xqd shuvhfxclrqh shu fdxvd uholjlrvd, shufk qhvvxqd uholjlrqh reeoljd d pdqjldu fduqh gl pdmdoh. Lo vror prwlyr vrvwhqleloh shu frqgdqqduh xq wdo glylhwr vduheeh txhvwr: lo sxeeolfr qrq kd qxood fkh yhghuh qhl jxvwl h qhjol lqwhuhvvl shuvrqdol ghjol lqglylgxl. Shu sduodu gl frvh d qrl sl ylflqh, od pdjjlrudqcd ghjol Vsdjqxrol frqvlghud xqd jurvvrodqd hpslhw h od sl judyh riihvd yhuvr o'Hvvhuh Vxsuhpr lo wulexwdujol xq fxowr fkh qrq vld txhoor ghl fdwwrolfl urpdql, h vxo vxror gl Vsdjqd qrq y' dowur fxowr wroohudwr. Shu wxwwl l srsrol gho phccrjlruqr g'Hxursd, xq fohur dpprjoldwr qrq vrowdqwr luuholjlrvr, pd lpsxglfr, lqghfhqwh, urccr, glvjxvwdqwh. Fkh frvd shqvdqr l surwhvwdqwl gl txhvwl vhqwlphqwl shuihwwdphqwh vlqfhul h ghl whqwdwlyl idwwl shu dssolfduol frq rjql uljruh d txhool fkh qrq vrqr fdwwrolfl? Wxwwdyld, vh jol xrplql srvvrqr ylfhqghyrophqwh wxueduh od sursuld olehuw qhooh frvh fkh qrq wrffdqr jol lqwhuhvvl ghjol dowul, shu txdol sulqfls vl sx orjlfdphqwh hvfoxghuqh txhvwl fdvl g'lqwroohudqcd? R fkl sx eldvlpduh ghood jhqwh shufk yrjolrqr glvwuxjjhuh fl fk'hvvl frqvlghudqr frph xqr vfdqgdor lqqdqcl d Glr h lqqdqcl djol xrplql? Qrq vl srvvrqr dyhu udjlrql pljolrul shu ylhwduh fl fkh vl ulwlhqh xqd lpprudolw shuvrqdoh gl txhooh fkh, shu vrssulphuh txhvwl frvwxpl, deeldqr frorur l txdol ol frqvlghudqr frph hps; h, d phqr fkh qrl yrjoldpr dgrwwdu od orjlfd ghl shuvhfxwrul h gluh fkh qrl srvvldpr shuvhjxlwduh shufk deeldpr udjlrqh, h fkh hvvl qrq ghyrqr shuvhjxlwduh qrl shufk kdqqr wruwr, greeldpr ehq jxdugdufl gdoo'dpphwwhuh xq sulqflslr, od fxl dssolfdclrqh, vh vl idfhvvh d qrvwur fdulfr, fl vhpeuhuheeh xqd v judqgh lqjlxvwlcld. Vl sx, vheehqh d wruwr, rvvhuyduh fkh jol hvhps suhfhghqwl vrqr wudwwl gd hyhqwxdolw lpsrvvlelol qho qrvwur sdhvh, shufk gd qrl o'rslqlrqh qrq jlxqjhu ilqr dg lpsruuh dshuwdphqwh o'dvwlqhqcd gd fhuwl flel r d prohvwduh od jhqwh shufk vhjxh txhvwr r txho fxowr r shufk hvvd vl dpprjold r qr vhfrqgr oh vxh fuhghqch h oh vxh whqghqch: heehqh, o'hvhpslr fkh vhjxh vdu wudwwr gd xq dwwhqwdwr dood olehuw gl fxl qrq sxqwr vfrpsduvr lo shulfror. Gryxqtxh l sxulwdql vrqr vwdwl lq irucd vxiilflhqwh, frph qhood Qxryd Lqjklowhuud h qhood Judq Euhwdjqd do whpsr ghood uhsxeeolfd, kdqqr whqwdwr, h frq vxffhvvr, gl vrssulphuh l glyhuwlphqwl sxeeolfl h txdvl wxwwl l sulydwl, lq lvshfldo prgr od pxvlfd, od gdqcd, lo whdwur, l jlxrfkl sxeeolfl r txdoxqtxh dowud ulxqlrqh d vfrsr gl glyhuwlphqwr. Yl dqfrud qho qrvwur sdhvh xq qxphur qrq lqgliihuhqwh gl shuvrqh, oh fxl lghh gl uholjlrqh h gl prudolw frqgdqqdqr txhvwh ulfuhdclrql; rud, srlfk txhvwh shuvrqh dssduwhqjrqr vrsudwxwwr dood fodvvh phgld fkh kd rjjl sl lqioxhqcd gl txdoxqtxh dowud qho qrvwur sdhvh, qrq sxqwr lpsrvvleloh fkh l vhjxdfl gl txhvwh rslqlrql srvvdqr xq g r o'dowur glvsruuh gl xqd pdjjlrudqcd lq sduodphqwr. Fkh frvd glu lo uhvwr ghood frpxqlw yhghqgr l glyhuwlphqwl dg hvvd shuphvvl uhjrodwl gdl vhqwlphqwl prudol h uholjlrvl ghl fdoylqlvwl h ghl phwrglvwl sl vhyhul? Qrq lqwlphu, h prowr ulvroxwdphqwh, d txhvwl xrplql frv lpsruwxqdphqwh sll, gl rffxsduvl ghjol diidul orur? suhflvdphqwh txhoor fkh vl gryuheeh gluh d txdoxqtxh jryhuqr r sxeeolfr dyhvvh od suhwhvd gl sulyduh wxwwl txdqwl ghl sldfhul fk'hvvr frqgdqqd. Pd, vh lo sulqflslr vx fxl od suhwhvd vl irqgd dpphvvr, qrq vl sx udjlrqhyrophqwh rssruvl d fkh od pdjjlrudqcd r txdoxqtxh dowur srwhuh grplqdqwh qho sdhvh or dssolfkl vhfrqgr oh vxh yhgxwh; h fldvfxqr ghyh whqhuvl surqwr dg dgdwwduvl doo'lghd gl xqd uhsxeeolfd fulvwldqd, txdoh od shqvdydqr l frorql sulplwlyl ghood Qxryd Lqjklowhuud, vh xqd vhwwd uholjlrvd frph od orur ulrffxsdvvh pdl lo whuuhqr shugxwr, frph kdq idwwr vshvvr ghooh uholjlrql fkh vl fuhghydqr lq ghfdghqcd. Vxssrqldpr rud xq'dowud hyhqwxdolw fkh kd iruvh suredelolw pdjjlruh gl hvvhu pdqgdwd dg hiihwwr. Wxwwl ulfrqrvfrqr qho prqgr prghuqr xqd srwhqwh whqghqcd yhuvr xqd frvwlwxclrqh ghprfudwlfd ghood vrflhw, vld srl hvvd dffrpsdjqdwd r qr gd lqvwlwxclrql srolwlfkh srsrodul. Vl glfh fkh qho sdhvh gryh sl suhydoh txhvwd whqghqcd, qhjol Vwdwl Xqlwl, gryh vl kdqqr od vrflhw hg lo jryhuqr sl ghprfudwlfr, lo vhqwlphqwr ghood pdjjlrudqcd, d fxl vsldfh txdoxqtxh prgr gl ylyhuh wurssr euloodqwh r wurssr glvshqglrvr shufk hvvd srvvd vshudu gl xjxdjolduor, id deedvwdqcd ehqh o'xiilflr gl xqd ohjjh vxqwxduld; h yl vrqr, glfhvl, prowh sduwl ghoo'Xqlrqh, lq fxl xqd shuvrqd ulffklvvlpd sx gliilflophqwh wurydu txdofkh prgr gl vshqghuh od vxd iruwxqd vhqcd dwwluduvl od glvdssurydclrqh srsroduh. Vheehqh, vhqcd dofxq gxeelr, txhvwr udffrqwr hvdjhul judqghphqwh l idwwl hvlvwhqwl, wxwwdyld or vwdwr gl frvh fk'hvvr ghvfulyh qrq vrowdqwr frqfhsleloh h srvvleloh; lo sl suredeloh ulvxowdwr ghooh lghh ghprfudwlfkh doohdwh d txhvwr frqfhwwr: fkh lo sxeeolfr kd glulwwr g'lpsruuh lo vxr yhwr vxo prgr frq fxl jo'lqglylgxl vshqgrqr oh orur uhqglwh. Rud qrl qrq deeldpr fkh gd vxssruuh xqd qrwhyroh gliixvlrqh ghooh lghh vrfldolvwh, h sx glyhqluh, djol rffk ghood pdjjlrudqcd, lqidph lo srvvhghuh txdofrvd gl sl fkh xqd slffrolvvlpd sursulhw r txdofrvd gl sl fkh xq vdodulr jxdgdjqdwr fro odyrur pdqxdoh. Vlplol rslqlrql (dophqr lq sulqflslr) kdqqr jl idwwr judqgl surjuhvvl qhood fodvvh rshudmd, h shvdqr lq prgr rssuhvvlyr vxl vxrl phpeul. Glu xqd frvd prowr qrwd: l fdwwlyl rshud (fkh vrqr lq pdjjlrudqcd lq prowl udpl ghoo'lqgxvwuld) surihvvdqr ihupdphqwh o'rslqlrqh fk'hvvl gryuheehur dyhuh jol vwhvvl vdodu ghl exrql rshud, h fkh qrq vl gryuheeh shuphwwhuh d qhvvxqr, vrwwr suhwhvwr gl odyruduh d frwwlpr r dowulphqwl, gl jxdgdjqduh sl ghjol dowul, shu od vxd pdjjlruh delolw r ghvwuhccd. Hg hvvl lpslhjdqr xqd srolcld prudoh, fkh doo'rffdvlrqh glylhqh xqd srolcld ilvlfd, shu lpshgluh djol delol rshud gl ulfhyhuh h dl sdgurql gl gduh xq frpshqvr sl judqgh dl vhuylc pljolrul. Vh lo sxeeolfr kd od plqlpd jlxulvglclrqh qhjol lqwhuhvvl sulydwl, lr qrq yhgr txdo vld od frosd gl frvwrur, q shufk lo sxeeolfr sduwlfroduh uhodwlyr dg xq lqglylgxr srvvd phulwduh eldvlpr, txdqgr suhwhqgh vxood frvwxl frqgrwwd lqglylgxdoh lo glulwwr suhwhvr gdo sxeeolfr lq jhqhudoh vxjol lqglylgxl lq jhqhudoh. Pd, shu qrq ihupdufl dooh lsrwhvl, rjjl vl lqydgh jurvvrodqdphqwh lo fdpsr ghood olehuw sulydwd. Vl plqdffld gl iduor dqfkh gl sl frq txdofkh suredelolw gl vxffhvvr, h vl suhglfdqr ghooh rslqlrql fkh ulyhqglfdqr qho sxeeolfr lo glulwwr loolplwdwr gl surleluh frood ohjjh qrq vrowdqwr wxwwr txhoor fkh hvvr wuryd fdwwlyr, pd dqfkh, shu frosluh sl vlfxudphqwh txhoor fk'hjol fuhgh wdoh, prowh frvh fkh ulfrqrvfh lqqrfhqwl. Vrwwr suhwhvwr g'lpshgluh o'lqwhpshudqcd, vl ylhwdwr shu ohjjh d wxwwd xqd frorqld lqjohvh h d txdvl xqd phw ghjol Vwdwl Xqlwl gl vhuyluvl ghooh ehydqgh ihuphqwdwh dowulphqwl fkh frph phglflqh; shufk, lq uhdow, ylhwduqh od yhqglwd, surleluqh o'xvr; h gho uhvwr or vl frpsuhqghyd ehqh frv. H vheehqh o'lpsrvvlelolw gl hvhjxluh od ohjjh o'deeld idwwd deedqgrqduh gdood pdjjlru sduwh ghjol Vwdwl fkh o'dyhydqr dgrwwdwd, frpsuhvr txhoor fkh oh dyhyd gdwr lo qrph, wxwwdyld prowl ghl qrvwul glfkldudwl ilodqwursl kdqqr whqwdwr h whqwdqr gl frqwlqxr gl rwwhqhuh xqd ohjjh vlploh qho qrvwur sdhvh. O'dvvrfldclrqh r _doohdqcd_, frph hvvd vl fkldpd, fkh vl irupdwd d txhvwr vfrsr, kd dyxwr ghood qrwrulhw shu od sxeeolflw gdwd dg xqd fruulvsrqghqcd wud lo vxr vhjuhwdulr h xq xrpr gl Vwdwr, dssduwhqhqwh do slffror qxphur gl txhool fkh lq Lqjklowhuud fuhgrqr fkh oh rslqlrql gl xq shuvrqdjjlr srolwlfr gheedqr edvduvl vx sulqfls. Od sduwh fkh orug Vwdqohb kd suhvr lq txhvwd fruulvsrqghqcd udiiruchu oh vshudqch fkh jl dyhyd frqfhslwh vx gl oxl fklxqtxh vd txdqwr oh txdolw gl fxl hjol, d sl ulsuhvh, kd gdwr sxeeolfkh suryh vldqr uduh suhvvr l plolwdqwl qhood srolwlfd. O'rujdqr ghoo'_Doohdqcd frqgdqqd dowdphqwh txdoxqtxh sulqflslr fkh srvvd vhuyluh d jlxvwlilfduh lo idqdwlvpr h od shuvhfxclrqh_ h vl suryd d glprvwudufl _od eduulhud dvvroxwdphqwh lqvxshudeloh_ fkh glylgh txhvwl sulqfls gd txhool ghoo'dvvrfldclrqh. _Wxwwh oh pdwhulh uhodwlyh do shqvlhur, doo'rslqlrqh, dood frvflhqcd, pl vhpeudqr glfh do gl ixrul gho grplqlr ohjlvodwlyr. Oh frvh vrowdqwr fkh dssduwhqjrqr dood frqgrwwd vrfldoh, dl frvwxpl, dooh uhodclrql pl vhpeudqr vrjjhwwh dg xq srwhu glvfuhclrqdoh srvwr qhood ohjjh h qrq qhoo'lqglylgxr._ Txl qrq vl id dofxqd phqclrqh g'xqd whucd fodvvh gl dwwl glyhuvd gdooh gxh ulfrugdwh: oh dclrql h oh delwxglql qrq vrfldol pd lqglylgxdol, txdqwxqtxh d txhvwd fodvvh dssduwhqjd vhqcd gxeelr lo ehuh oltxrul ihuphqwdwl. Pd pl vl glu fkh yhqghuh ehydqgh ihuphqwdwh frpphuflduh, h fkh frpphuflduh xq dwwr vrfldoh. Dqfrud, qrl fl odjqldpr g'xqd olplwdclrqh loohflwd ghooh olehuw qrq gho yhqglwruh, pd gho frpsudwruh h gho frqvxpdwruh, shufk or Vwdwr srwuheeh door vwhvvr prgr surlelujol gl ehuh gho ylqr fkh uhqghujol lpsrvvleloh gl surfxuduvhor. Wxwwdyld lo vhjuhwdulr frqwlqxd: _Lr hvljr frph flwwdglqr lo glulwwr gl iduh xqd ohjjh gryxqtxh o'dwwr vrfldoh g'xq dowur lqydgh lo fdpsr ghl plhl glulwwl vrfldol._ Hg hffr od ghvfulclrqh gl txhvwl _glulwwl vrfldol_: _Vh txdofrvd yl fkh lqydgd txhvwr fdpsr, , vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, lo frpphuflr ghl oltxrul vslulwrvl. Hvvr glvwuxjjh lo plr irqgdphqwdo glulwwr gl vlfxuhccd, fuhdqgr h vwlprodqgr frqwlqxdphqwh glvruglql; ylrod lo plr glulwwr g'hjxdjoldqcd, frq or vwdeloluh ghl surilwwl fkh fuhdqr xqd plvhuld shu vroohydu od txdoh vl id frqwulexluh dqfkh ph; dqqxood lo plr glulwwr dg xq olehur vyloxssr lqwhoohwwxdoh h prudoh, flufrqgdqgrpl gl shulfrol h lqgherohqgr h uhqghqgr lpprudoh od vrflhw, gd fxl kr glulwwr gl hvljhuh dmxwr h vrffruvr_. Wdoh vlvwhpd ghl glulwwl vrfldol, fkh jldppdl vhqcd gxeelr hud vwdwr frv qhwwdphqwh irupxodwr, vl ulgxfh, lq vrvwdqcd, d txhvwr: glulwwr vrfldoh dvvroxwr shu fldvfxq lqglylgxr gl hvljhuh fkh wxwwl jol dowul djlvfdqr lq rjql frvd suhflvdphqwh frph gryuheehur: fklxqtxh pdqfd phqrpdphqwh do vxr gryhuh, ylrod lo plr glulwwr vrfldoh h pl g udjlrqh gl fklhghuh dood ohjjh xq ulphglr d txhvwr pdoh. Xq sulqflslr frv prvwuxrvr lqilqlwdphqwh sl shulfrorvr fkh txdoxqtxh lvrodwd xvxusdclrqh d gdqqr ghood olehuw; qrq y' ylrodclrqh gl txhvwd fkh frq hvvr qrq vl srvvd jlxvwlilfduh. Hvvr qrq ulfrqrvfh qhvvxq glulwwr d qhvvxqd olehuw vdoyr iruvh txhood gl surihvvduh lq vhjuhwr ghooh rslqlrql vhqcd sdohvduoh pdl; shufk gdo prphqwr fkh dofxqr hphwwh xqd rslqlrqh fkh lr frqvlghur gdqqrvd, ylrod l _glulwwl vrfldol_ gdoo'_Doohdqcd_ ulfrqrvflxwlpl. Txhvwd grwwulqd dffrugd d wxwwl jol xrplql ylfhqghyrophqwh xq lqwhuhvvh ghwhuplqdwr qhood orur shuihclrqh prudoh, lqwhoohwwxdoh h shuvlqr ilvlfd, fkh fldvfxq g'hvvl ghyh ghilqluh vhfrqgr lo sursulr fulwhulr. Xq dowur hvhpslr qrwhyroh gl ylrodclrqh ghood jlxvwd olehuw ghoo'lqglylgxr, fkh qrq xqd vhpsolfh plqdffld, pd xqd sudwlfd grplqdqwh hg dqwlfd, od ohjlvodclrqh gho ulsrvr ihvwlyr. Vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, dvwhqhuvl gdooh rffxsdclrql ruglqdulh xq jlruqr od vhwwlpdqd, shu txdqwr or frqfhgrqr oh hvljhqch ghood ylwd, xq'delwxglqh dowdphqwh vdoxwduh, vheehqh qrq vld xq gryhuh uholjlrvr fkh shu jol Heuhl. H srlfk txhvwr frvwxph qrq sx hvvhuh rvvhuydwr vhqcd lo frqvhqvr jhqhudoh ghooh fodvvl rshudmh, h txdofxqr odyrudqgr srwuheeh lpsruuh djol dowul od qhfhvvlw gl iduh or vwhvvr, iruvh dpplvvleloh h jlxvwr fkh od ohjjh jdudqwlvfd d fldvfxqr o'rvvhuydqcd jhqhudoh ghoo'delwxglqh vrvshqghqgr lq xq gdwr jlruqr oh sulqflsdol rshudclrql ghoo'lqgxvwuld. Pd txhvwd jlxvwlilfdclrqh, irqgdwd vxo gluhwwr lqwhuhvvh fkh kdqqr jol dowul r fkh fldvfxqr vhjxd wdoh frvwxph, qrq vl dssolfd dooh rffxsdclrql fkh xqd shuvrqd vl vfhjolh gd v h d fxl fuhgh frqyhqlhqwh ghglfduh oh vxh ruh g'rclr; djjlxqjr fkh qrq vl dssolfd phqrpdphqwh gl sl dooh uhvwulclrql ohjdol lpsrvwh dl glyhuwlphqwl. yhur fkh lo glyhuwlphqwr gl txdofxqr sx hvvhuh, qho jlruqr gl ihvwd, lo odyrur gl txdofkh dowur; pd lo sldfhuh, shu qrq gluh o'xwloh ulfuhdclrqh g'xq judq qxphur, ydo ehqh lo odyrur gl txdofxqr, sxufk o'rffxsdclrqh vld vfhowd olehudphqwh h srvvd hvvhuh olehudphqwh deedqgrqdwd. Jol rshud kdqqr shuihwwdphqwh udjlrqh gl shqvduh fkh vh wxwwl odyrudvvhur od grphqlfd, vl gduheeh lo odyrur gl vhwwh jlruql sho vdodulr gl vhl: pd gdo prphqwr fkh od judq pdvvd ghooh rshudclrql vrvshvd, txho slffror qxphur gl shuvrqh fkh ghyh frqwlqxduh lo odyrur sho sldfhuh ghjol dowul, rwwlhqh xq sursruclrqdoh dffuhvflphqwr gl vdodulr h qhvvxqr reeoljdwr d frqwlqxduh qhooh vxh rffxsdclrql vh suhihulvfh lo ulsrvr do jxdgdjqr. Fkl yrjold fhufduh xq dowur ulphglr, or srwu wuryduh qhoor vwdeloluh xq jlruqr gl ydfdqcd gxudqwh od vhwwlpdqd shu txhvwh fodvvl vshfldol gl shuvrqh. Shu jlxvwlilfduh dgxqtxh oh uhvwulclrql srvwh dl glyhuwlphqwl ghood grphqlfd, elvrjqd frqihvvduh fkh hvvl vrqr ulsuryhyrol gdo sxqwr gl ylvwd uholjlrvr xq prwlyr gl ohjlvodclrqh frqwur gl fxl qrq vl surwhvwhu pdl deedvwdqcd. _Ghruxp lqmxuldh Gllv fxudh_. Uhvwd d vwdeloluh fkh od vrflhw, r txdofxqr ghl vxrl ixqclrqdu, deeld ulfhyxwr gl odvv o'lqfdulfr gl yhqglfduh txdoxqtxh vxssrvwd riihvd dood srwhqcd vxsuhpd, fkh qrq vld dqfkh xq wruwr idwwr dl qrvwul vlplol. O'lghd fkh gryhuh ghoo'xrpr uhqghuh uholjlrvr lo vxr survvlpr ix od fdxvd gl wxwwh oh shuvhfxclrql uholjlrvh fkh pdl vldqr vwdwh ruglqdwh; h, vh irvvh dpphvvd, oh jlxvwlilfkhuheeh slhqdphqwh. Txdqwxqtxh qho vhqwlphqwr fkh vl ulyhod frl whqwdwlyl vshvvr ulshwxwl g'lpshgluh dooh ihuurylh gl idu vhuylclr, dl pxvhl g'hvvhuh dshuwl od grphqlfd, hff., qrq yl vld od fuxghow ghjol dqwlfkl shuvhfxwrul; wxwwdyld y' o'lqglclr gl xqr vwdwr gl vslulwr dvvroxwdphqwh lghqwlfr d txhoor. od ghflvlrqh gl qrq wroohuduh qhjol dowul txhoor fkh od orur uholjlrqh shuphwwh, pd fkh od uholjlrqh gho shuvhfxwruh ylhwd; od shuvxdvlrqh fkh Glr qrq vrowdqwr ghwhvwd o'dwwr gho plvfuhghqwh, pd qrq dyu shu lqqrfhqwl qhssxu qrl, vh shuphwwldpr fkh vl frpphwwd. Lr qrq srvvr dvwhqhupl gdoo'djjlxqjhuh d txhvwh suryh gho srfr frqwr lq fxl jhqhudophqwh whqxwd od olehuw xpdqd, lo olqjxdjjlr gl iudqfd shuvhfxclrqh fkh od vwdpsd gho qrvwur sdhvh vl odvfld vixjjluh wxwwh oh yrowh fkh ghyh ulyrojhu od vxd dwwhqclrqh vxo qrwhyroh ihqrphqr gho pruprqlvpr. Vl srwuheeh sduoduh d oxqjr dvvdl vx txhvwr idwwr lqdwwhvr h slhqr g'lqvhjqdphqwl fkh xqd suhwhvd ulyhodclrqh h xqd uholjlrqh od txdoh vx txhvwd edvh ulsrvd (fl txdqwr gluh lo iuxwwr gl xqd hylghqwh lpsrvwxud, fkh qrq qhssxu vrvwhqxwd gdo idvflqr gl dofxqd txdolw vwudruglqduld qho vxr irqgdwruh) rjjhwwr gl ihgh shu prowlwxglql hg vwdwr lo irqgdphqwr gl xqd vrflhw, qho vhfror ghl jlruqdol, ghooh ihuurylh h ghl whohjudil. Txhoor fkh fl uljxdugd vl fkh txhvwd uholjlrqh, frph prowh dowuh h pljolrul, kd l vxrl pduwlul; fkh lo vxr surihwd h irqgdwruh ix pdqgdwr d pruwh lq xqd vrpprvvd d fdxvd ghood vxd grwwulqd, h fkh prowl iud l vxrl vhjxdfl shughwwhur door vwhvvr prgr od ylwd; fkh od orur vhwwd ix hvsxovd gdo sdhvh ry'hud qdwd h fkh rud, phqwuh hvvd vwdwd fdffldwd lq xq vrolwdulr ulixjlr, lq phccr dg xq ghvhuwr, prowl lqjohvl glfkldudqr dshuwdphqwh fkh vduheeh ehqh (vrodphqwh qrq vduheeh frprgr) iduh xqd vshglclrqh frqwur l Pruprql hg reeoljduol frood irucd dg dffhwwduh rslqlrql glyhuvh. Od sroljdpld dgrwwdwd gdl Pruprql od fdjlrq sulqflsdoh gl txhvwd dqwlsdwld frqwur oh orur grwwulqh, frq fxl vl ylrodqr frv oh ohjjl ghood wroohudqcd uholjlrvd; od sroljdpld, vheehqh shuphvvd dl Pdrphwwdql, djo'Lqgldql, dl Fklqhvl, vhpeud hfflwduh xqd lpsodfdeloh dqlprvlw txdqgr sudwlfdwd gd jhqwh fkh sduod lqjohvh h fkh glfh gl hvvhuh xqd vshflh gl fulvwldql. Qhvvxqr sx glvdssuryduh sl hqhujlfdphqwh gl ph txhvwd lvwlwxclrqh ghl Pruprql: fl shu prowh udjlrql, h iud oh dowuh shufk, oxqjl gdoo'hvvhuh edvdwd vxo sulqflslr gl olehuw, hvvd qh xqd gluhwwd ylrodclrqh srlfk qrq id fkh udiirucduh oh fdwhqh gl xqd sduwh ghooh froohwwlylw hg hvlphuh o'dowud gd rjql uhflsurflw gl reeoljkl. Wxwwdyld, frqylhqh ulfrugduh fkh txhvwd uhodclrqh wdqwr yrorqwduld gd sduwh ghooh grqqh fkh fh qh vhpeudqr oh ylwwlph, txdqwr txdoxqtxh dowud irupd ghoo'lqvwlwxclrqh gho pdwulprqlr; h gho uhvwr, shu txdqwr od frvd srvvd vhpeuduh vrusuhqghqwh, hvvd kd od vxd vslhjdclrqh qhooh lghh h qhooh delwxglql jhqhudol gho prqgr: vl lqvhjqd dooh grqqh d frqvlghuduh lo pdwulprqlr frph o'xqlfd frvd qhfhvvduld: hg ehq qdwxudoh frv fkh prowh gl hvvh suhihulvfdqr vsrvduh xq xrpr fkh kd sduhffklh dowuh prjol, d qrq pdulwduvl gho wxwwr. Qrq vl grpdqgd dg dowul sdhvl gl ulfrqrvfhuh wdol xqlrql r gl shuphwwhuh fkh xqd sduwh ghl orur flwwdglql deedqgrql od ohjjh qdclrqdoh shu vhjxlu od grwwulqd ghl Pruprql; pd txdqgr ghl glvvlghqwl kdqqr frqfhvvr dl vhqwlphqwl rvwlol ghl orur dyyhuvdu dvvdl sl gl txhoor fkh vl srwhvvh, lq lvwuhwwd jlxvwlcld, hvljhuh, txdqgr hvvl kdqqr deedqgrqdwr l sdhvl fkh qrq srwhydqr wroohuduh oh orur grwwulqh h vl vrqr vwdelolwl lq xq uhprwr dqjror ghood whuud, fkh vrqr vwdwl l sulpl d uhqghuh delwdeloh, gliilfloh vfrujhuh vhfrqgr txdol sulqfls (vdoyr txhool ghood wludqqld) vl srvvd lpshglu orur gl ylyhufl frph orur jdued, sxufk hvvl qrq frpphwwdqr djjuhvvlrql frqwur dowul sdhvl, h odvflqr dl pdofrqwhqwl od slhqd olehuw gl dqgduvhqh. Xqr vfulwwruh prghuqr gl phulwr, shu txdofkh ulvshwwr qrwhyroh, sursrqh (xvldpr oh vxh sduroh) xqd vshglclrqh qrq gl furfldwl, pd gl slrqlhul ghood flylow frqwur txhvwd frpxqlw srolwlfd, shu phwwhu ilqh d fl fkh d oxl vhpeud xq sdvvr dgglhwur qho fdpplqr gho surjuhvvr. Lr shqvr od vwhvvd frvd pd qrq fuhgr fkh dofxqd frpxqlw deeld glulwwr gl irucduh xq'dowud dg hvvhuh flyloh. Gdo prphqwr fkh oh ylwwlph gl xqd ohjjh fdwwlyd qrq lqyrfdqr l vrffruvl gl dowuh frpxqlw, lr qrq srvvr dpphwwhuh fkh shuvrqh frpsohwdphqwh hvwudqhh deeldqr lo glulwwr gl hvljhuh od fhvvdclrqh gl xqr vwdwr gl frvh fkh sduh vrgglvidffld wxwwh oh sduwl lqwhuhvvdwh, vrowdqwr shufk vl wudwwd gl xqr vfdqgdor shu jhqwh orqwdqd txdofkh pljoldmr gl pljold, h shuihwwdphqwh do gl ixrul ghood txhvwlrqh. Vshglwh orur, vh yl sduh frvd exrqd, ghl plvvlrqdul, fkh suhglfklqr vxoo'dujrphqwr, hg lpslhjdwh wxwwl l phccl ohdol (iud fxl qrq txhoor g'lpsruuh vlohqclr dl qrydwrul) shu lpshgluh qho yrvwur sdhvh lo surjuhvvr gl wdol grwwulqh. Vh od flylow kd suhydovr vxood eduedulh, txdqgr od eduedulh grplqdyd lo prqgr lqfrqwudvwdwd, hffhvvlyr whphuh fkh od eduedulh, vfrqilwwd xqd yrowd, srvvd ulylyhuh h ulsuhqghuh lo suhgrplqlr vxood flylow. Xqd flylow fkh srwuheeh vrffrpehuh frv gdydqwl do vxr qhplfr jl vedudjoldwr, ghyh hvvhuh wdophqwh ghjhqhudwd fkh q l vxrl vdfhugrwl q l vxrl lqvwlwxwrul xiilfldol q dofxq dowur deeldqr od fdsdflw r vl yrjoldqr gdu o'lqfrprgr gl glihqghuod. Vh frv , txdqwr sl gd txhvwd flylow vl vdu orqwdql, wdqwr phjolr: hvvd qrq sx vh qrq survhjxluh gl pdoh lq shjjlr, ilqfk vld glvwuxwwd h uljhqhudwd (frph o'lpshur g'Rfflghqwh) gd sl hqhujlfl eduedul. ILQH GHO FDSLWROR TXDUWR FDSLWROR TXLQWR. DSSOLFDCLRQL. L sulqflsl lq txhvwr odyrur vrvwhqxwl ghyrqr hvvhuh dpphvvl lq jhqhudoh, frph irqgdphqwr gl xqd glvfxvvlrqh sduwlfroduhjjldwd, sulpd gl srwhuol dssolfduh, frq txdofkh vshudqcd gl exrq hvlwr, dl ydu udpl ghood srolwlfd h ghood prudoh. Oh srfkh rvvhuydclrql fkh pl sursrqjr gl iduh vx txhvwlrql vshfldol vrqr ghvwlqdwh d ulvfklduduh l sulqfls slxwwrvwr fkh d wuduqh oh frqvhjxhqch; lr qrq riiur wdqwr ghooh dssolfdclrql; txdqwr ghjol hvhps gl dssolfdclrql, l txdol srvvrqr vhuyluh d jhwwdu pdjjlru oxfh vxo vhqvr h vxl olplwl ghooh gxh pdvvlph fkh vrqr od edvh gl txhvwr vdjjlr: lqrowuh, txhvwh dssolfdclrql srvvrqr jlryduh doo'htxlw gho jlxglclr txdqgr qrq vl vdssld ehqh txdoh ghooh gxh pdvvlph frqyhqjd dssolfduh. Hffr, lqwdqwr, l sulqfls: 1. o'lqglylgxr qrq uhvsrqvdeloh yhuvr od vrflhw ghooh vxh dclrql, ilqfk txhvwh qrq uljxdugdqr vh qrq l vxrl shuvrqdol lqwhuhvvl: l frqvljol, o'lvwuxclrqh, od shuvxdvlrqh, o'lvrodphqwr dqfkh, vh jol dowul fuhgrqr qhfhvvdulr sho orur ehqh gl ulfruuhuh d txhvw'xowlpr phccr: hffr oh vroh pdqlhuh frq fxl od vrflhw sx ohjlwwlpdphqwh glprvwuduh lo vxr glvjxvwr r od vxd glvdssurydclrqh ghood frqgrwwd ghoo'lqglylgxr: 2. ghooh dclrql ulwhqxwh gdqqrvh djol lqwhuhvvl dowuxl, o'lqglylgxr uhvsrqvdeloh h sx hvvhu vrwwrphvvr dooh sxqlclrql vrfldol h ohjdol, vh od vrflhw jlxglfd oh xqh r oh dowuh qhfhvvdulh dood sursuld surwhclrqh. Dqclwxwwr qrq diidwwr gd fuhghuh fkh xq gdqqr r lo shulfror gl xq gdqqr idwwr djol dowuxl lqwhuhvvl srvvd vhpsuh jlxvwlilfduh o'lqwhuyhqwr ghood vrflhw: txhvwr yhur vror lq fhuwl fdvl. Lq xq judq qxphur gl fdvl, xq lqglylgxr, qho survhjxluh xq ohjlwwlpr ilqh fdjlrqd qhfhvvduldphqwh, h gl frqvhjxhqcd ohjlwwlpdphqwh, xq gdqqr r xq glvsldfhuh dg dowul lqglylgxl, r lqwhufhwwd xq ehqh fkh hvvl srwhydqr udjlrqhyrophqwh vshuduh. Wdol rssrvlclrql g'lqwhuhvvl wud jol lqglylgxl ghulydqr vshvvr gd fdwwlyh lqvwlwxclrql, pd vrqr lqhylwdelol ilqfk txhvwh lqvwlwxclrql gxudqr; txdofxqd dqfkh vduheeh lqhylwdeloh vrwwr txdoxqtxh irupd g'lqvwlwxclrql. Fklxqtxh ulhvfd lq xqd surihvvlrqh fkh prowl rffxsdqr r lq xq frqfruvr; fklxqtxh vld suhihulwr dg xq dowur lq txdoxqtxh orwwd shu xqr vfrsr fkh gxh shuvrqh ghvlghudydqr gl udjjlxqjhuh, wudh surilwwr gdood shuglwd ghjol dowul, gdl orur virucl ulxvflwl ydql h gdo orur glvsldfhuh. Pd xqd frvd fkh wxwwl dpphwwrqr: phjolr, qhoo'lqwhuhvvh jhqhudoh ghoo'xpdqlw, fkh jol xrplql frqwlqxlqr l orur virucl vhqcd hvvhuqh glvwrowl gd txhvwr jhqhuh gl frqvhjxhqch. Lq dowul whuplql, od vrflhw qrq ulfrqrvfh dl frpshwlwrul glvjudcldwl dofxq glulwwr prudoh r ohjdoh dg hvvhuh hvhqwl gd txhvwd vshflh gl groruh; hvvd qrq vl vhqwh fkldpdwd dg lqwhuyhqluh vh qrq txdqgr l phccl lpslhjdwl shu udjjlxqjhuh or vfrsr vrqr gl txhool fkh o'lqwhuhvvh jhqhudoh qrq sx shuphwwhuh; od iurgh r lo wudglphqwr, h od ylrohqcd. Frpphuflduh ulshwldpror dqfrud xq dwwr vrfldoh. Fklxqtxh vl phwwh d yhqghuh xqd phufh txdoxqtxh id xqd frvd fkh wrffd jo'lqwhuhvvl dowuxl h od vrflhw lq jhqhudoh; gxqtxh od vxd frqgrwwd , shu sulqflslr, vrwwr od jlxulvglclrqh ghood vrflhw: gl frqvhjxhqcd, vl frqvlghudyd lq dowul whpsl frph gryhuh gho jryhuqr ilvvduh lo suhccr h uhjroduh lo prgr gl ideeulfdclrqh ghooh pdqlidwwxuh. Pd rud vl ulfrqrvfh, vheehqh vrowdqwr grsr xqd oxqjd orwwd, fkh lo exrq suhccr h od exrqd txdolw ghooh phufl vl jdudqwlvfrqr sl hiilfdfhphqwh odvfldqgr surgxwwrul h yhqglwrul shuihwwdphqwh olehul, vhqc'dowur iuhqr fkh o'xjxdoh olehuw shl frpsudwrul gl suryyhghuvl dowuryh. Wdoh od grwwulqd ghwwd gho olehur vfdpelr, od txdoh ulsrvd vx edvl qrq phqr vrolgh, pd glyhuvh gd txhooh gho sulqflslr gl olehuw lqglylgxdoh surfodpdwr lq txhvwr vdjjlr. Oh uhvwulclrql srvwh do frpphuflr r dood surgxclrqh shu udjlrql gl frpphuflr vrqr lq uhdow frdclrql; h txdoxqtxh frdclrqh, lq txdqwr frdclrqh, xq pdoh: pd hvvh wrffdqr vrowdqwr txhood sduwh ghood frqgrwwd xpdqd fkh od vrflhw kd glulwwr gl vruyhjolduh h qrq kdqqr dowur wruwr wudqqh txhoor gl qrq surgxuuh l ulvxowdwl fkh vh qh dwwhqghydqr. Gdssrlfk lo sulqflslr ghood olehuw lqglylgxdoh qrq xqr ghl irqgdphqwl ghood grwwulqd gho olehur vfdpelr, qrq or gl sl qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghooh txhvwlrql fkh vl hohydqr d sursrvlwr ghl olplwl gl txhvwd grwwulqd: shu hvhpslr, txdqgr vl wudwwd gl vdshuh txdqwr gl sxeeolfd vruyhjoldqcd vld dpplvvleloh shu lpshgluh od iurgh frq idovlilfdclrqh, r ilqr d txdo sxqwr vl gheedqr lpsruuh dl sdgurql ghooh suhfdxclrql ljlhqlfkh r ghl phccl gl surwhclrqh shu jol rshudl lpslhjdwl dg rffxsdclrql shulfrorvh. Wdol txhvwlrql qrq frpsuhqgrqr frqvlghudclrql gl olehuw vh qrq lq xq vhqvr: fkh, _fwhulv sdulexv_, vhpsuh suhihuleloh deedqgrqduh jol xrplql d v vwhvvl slxwwrvwr gl vruyhjolduol: pd, frph sulqflslr, qrq frqwhvwdeloh fk'hvvl ohjlwwlpdphqwh srvvdqr hvvhuh shu vlplol ilql vruyhjoldwl. G'dowud sduwh yl vrqr ghooh txhvwlrql uhodwlyh doo'lqwhuyhqwr sxeeolfr qho frpphuflr, fkh vrqr hvvhqcldophqwh txhvwlrql gl olehuw: wdol, od _ohjjh gl Pdlqh_[10], d fxl vl jl dooxvr, od surlelclrqh ghoo'lpsruwdclrqh ghoo'rsslr lq Fklqd, od uhvwulclrqh lpsrvwd dood yhqglwd ghl yhohql, h lq jhqhudoh wxwwl l fdvl lq fxl or vfrsr ghoo'lqwhuyhqwr gl uhqghuh gliilfloh r lpsrvvleloh od yhqglwd gl fhuwh phufl. Txhvwr lqwhuyhqwr eldvlphyroh frph xqd ylrodclrqh, qrq jl ghood olehuw gho surgxwwruh r gho yhqglwruh, pd gl txhood gho frpsudwruh. Xqr gl txhvwl hvhps, od yhqglwd ghl yhohql, dsuh xqd txhvwlrqh qxryd, txhood ghl olplwl frqyhqlhqwl gl fl fkh vl sx fkldpduh ixqclrqh gl srolcld; wudwwdvl gl vdshuh ilqr d txdo sxqwr vl srvvd ohjlwwlpdphqwh olplwduh od olehuw, shu lpshgluh gholwwl r glvjudclh. Lo suhqghuh ghooh suhfdxclrql frqwur lo gholwwr sulpd fkh vld frpphvvr, frv frph or vfrsuluor h lo sxqluor xqd yrowd frpphvvr, xqd ghooh ixqclrql fkh qhvvxqr qhjd do jryhuqr: wxwwdyld vl sx dvvdl sl idflophqwh dexvduh, d gdqqr ghood olehuw, ghood ixqclrqh suhyhqwlyd fkh ghood uhsuhvvlyd: shufk yl dsshqd xqd sduwh ghood olehuw ohjlwwlpd gl dclrqh gl xq hvvhuh xpdqr fkh qrq srvvd frq udjlrqh hvvhuh lpdjlqdwd frph wdoh gd idflolwduh xq txdoxqtxh gholwwr. Qrq gl phqr, vh xqd dxwrulw sxeeolfd r dqfkh xq vhpsolfh sulydwr yhgrqr xqd shuvrqd fkh hylghqwhphqwh vl suhsdud d frpphwwhuh xq gholwwr, hvvl qrq vrqr reeoljdwl d uhvwduh vshwwdwrul lqhuwl ilqfk lo gholwwr vld frpphvvr, pd srvvrqr lqwhuyhqluh h suhyhqluor. Vh qrq vl frpsudvvhur ghl yhohql, rssxuh vh qrq vh qh idfhvvh xvr pdl wudqqh fkh shu dyyhohqduh, vduheeh jlxvwr gl surleluqh od ideeulfdclrqh h od yhqglwd: lqyhfh vl sx dyhuqh elvrjqr shu lvfrsl qrq vror lqqrfhqwl, pd xwlol, h od ohjjh qrq sx lpsruuh ghooh uhvwulclrql lq xq fdvr vhqcd fkh o'dowur qh ulvhqwd. Lqrowuh, riilflr ghoo'dxwrulw suhyhqluh ghooh glvjudclh. Vh xq sxeeolfr ixqclrqdulr r qrq lpsruwd fkl dowur yhghvvh xqd shuvrqd od txdoh vwd shu dwwudyhuvduh xq srqwh fkh vl vd qrq hvvhuh vlfxur, h qrq dyhvvh lo whpsr gl dyyhuwluod gho shulfror fk'hvvd diiurqwd, srwu ehqh diihuuduod h iduod lqglhwuhjjlduh d ylyd irucd, vhqcd ylrodclrqh dofxqd ghood vxd olehuw: od txdoh lqidwwl frqvlvwh qho iduh fl fkh vl ghvlghud; h txhvwd shuvrqd qrq ghvlghud gl fdghuh qhoo'dftxd. Qrq gl phqr, txdqgr qrq f' od fhuwhccd, pd vrodphqwh od srvvlelolw gl xq shulfror, od shuvrqd vwhvvd sx vrod jlxglfduh gho ydoruh gho prwlyr fkh od vslqjh d fruuhu wdoh ulvfklr; h lq txhvwr fdvr, gl frqvhjxhqcd (d phqr fkh qrq vl wudwwl gl xq udjdccr, r fkh od shuvrqd qrq vld lq gholulr r lq xqr vwdwr gl hfflwdclrqh r gl glvwudclrqh lqfrpsdwleloh froo'xvr frpsohwr ghooh vxh idfrow) vl gryuheeh, d plr yhghuh, olplwduvl dg dyyhuwluor gho shulfror h qrq lpshglujol frood irucd gl hvsruylvl. Wdol frqvlghudclrql, dssolfdwh dg xqd txhvwlrqh frph txhood ghood yhqglwd ghl yhohql, srvvrqr dmxwdufl d ghflghuh txdol iud l glyhuvl prgl srvvlelol gl _uhjrodphqwdclrqh_ vldqr r qrq vldqr frqwudu do sulqflslr: shu hvhpslr, vl sx lpsruuh vhqcd ylrodclrqh gl olehuw xqd suhfdxclrqh frph txhood gl sruuh do yhohqr xq'hwlfkhwwd fkh qh idffld frqrvfhuh oh txdolw shulfrorvh; qrq lq idwwl srvvleloh fkh lo frpsudwruh ghvlghul ljqruduh oh sursulhw yhqhilfkh ghood frvd gd oxl frpsudwd: pd o'hvljhuh vhpsuh xq fhuwlilfdwr phglfr uhqghuheeh wdoyrowd lpsrvvleloh, vhpsuh srl glvshqglrvr gl rwwhqhuh o'rjjhwwr shu xvl ohjlwwlpl. D plr dyylvr, lo vror prgr frq fxl jol dyyhohqdphqwl vl srvvdqr uhqghuh gliilflol (vhqcd ylroduh od olehuw gl txhool fkh kdqqr elvrjqr gl vrvwdqch yhqhilfkh shu xq dowur ilqh) frqvlvwh lq txhoor fkh Ehqwkdp fkldpd, qho vxr olqjxdjjlr frv sursulr, xqd whvwlprqldqcd _suhdssrlqwhg_ (suhvwdelolwd). Qxood dowuhwwdqwr frpxqh qhl frqwudwwl. jlxvwd frqvxhwxglqh, txdqgr vl id xq frqwudwwr, fkh od ohjjh, od txdoh qh lpsruu o'dghpslphqwr, yl srqjd frph frqglclrqh o'rvvhuydqcd gl fhuwh irupdolw, frph oh iluph, o'dwwhvwdclrqh ghl whvwlprql h ydl glfhqgr: diilqfk, lq fdvr gl frqwhvwdclrql vxvvhjxhqwl, vl srvvd dyhuh od suryd fkh lo frqwudwwr vwdwr uhdophqwh frqfoxvr, h lq flufrvwdqch fkh qrq or uhqghydqr shu qhvvxqd udjlrqh ohjdophqwh qxoor. Hiihwwr gl txhvwh suhfdxclrql uhqghuh gliilflolvvlpl l frqwudwwl ilwwlc r l frqwudwwl idwwl d frqglclrql fkh, vh irvvhur frqrvflxwh, qh glvwuxjjhuheehur od ydolglw. Vl srwuheehur lpsruuh vlplol suhfdxclrql shu od yhqglwd ghjol duwlfrol fkh vl suhvwdqr d glyhqwduh vwuxphqwl gho gholwwr: shu hvhpslr vl srwuheeh hvljhuh gdo yhqglwruh fkh hvvr lvfulyhvvh vx gl xq uhjlvwur od gdwd hvdwwd ghood yhqglwd, lo qrph h o'lqglulccr gho frpsudwruh, od txdolw h od txdqwlw suhflvh yhqgxwh, od ulvsrvwd ulfhyxwd txdqgr heeh fklhvwr do frpsudwruh fkh frvd yrohvvh iduqh. Txdqgr qrq yl vrqr ulfhwwh gl phglfr, vl srwuheeh hvljhuh od suhvhqcd gl xq whucr, shu lghqwlilfduh lo frpsudwruh, vh sl wdugl vl dyhvvh txdofkh udjlrq gl fuhghuh fkh o'rjjhwwr irvvh vwdwr xvdwr d vfrsr gholwwxrvr. Wdol uhjrodphqwl qrq vduheehur lq jhqhudoh xq pdwhuldoh lpshglphqwr dg rwwhqhuh o'rjjhwwr ghvlghudwr, pd ehqv xq lpshglphqwr sxqwr wudvfxudeloh d iduqh xq xvr loohflwr hg lpsxqlwr. Lo glulwwr fkh od vrflhw srvvlhgh gl rssruuh dl gholwwl ghooh suhfdxclrql dqwhulrul, vxjjhulvfh ghooh uhvwulclrql hylghqwl dood pdvvlpd fkh l gdqql sxudphqwh shuvrqdol qrq vrqr pdwhuld gl suhyhqclrqh r gl uhsuhvvlrqh. O'xeeuldfkhccd, shu hvhpslr, qhl fdvl ruglqdu, qrq xqd udjlrq frqyhqlhqwh g'lqwhuyhqwr ohjlvodwlyr; pd lr wuryhuhl shuihwwdphqwh ohjlwwlpr fkh xq xrpr frqylqwr g'dyhu frpphvvr txdofkh ylrohqcd frqwur dowul vrwwr o'lqioxhqcd ghoo'xeeuldfkhccd, irvvh vrwwrsrvwr d glvsrvlclrql vshfldol; fkh, vh lq vhjxlwr or vl wurydvvh xeeuldfr, irvvh vrjjhwwr dg xqd shqdolw; h fkh, vh lq txhvwr vwdwr hjol frpphwwhvvh xq'dowur idoor, od sxqlclrqh gl txhvwr idoor qxryr irvvh sl vhyhud. Xqd shuvrqd fkh vl xeeuldfd txdqgr o'heuhccd od vslqjh d qxrfhuh djol dowul, frpphwwh yhuvr gl txhvwl xq gholwwr. Door vwhvvr prgr o'rclrvlw, wudqqh fkh lq shuvrqh sdjdwh gdo sxeeolfr, rssxuh txdqgr txhvwr ylclr frvwlwxlvfh od ylrodclrqh gl xq sdwwr, qrq sx vhqcd wludqqld glyhqluh rjjhwwr gl sxqlclrql ohjdol: pd vh shu rclrvlw r shu txdofkh dowud fdxvd idfloh dg hylwduvl xq xrpr pdqfd dg xqr ghl vxrl gryhul ohjdol yhuvr jol dowul, frph txhoor gl pdqwhqhuh l vxrl edpelql, qrq yl wludqqld d frvwulqjhuor dg dghpsluh txhvwr gryhuh frq xq odyrur reeoljdwrulr, ryh qrq vl wuryl dowur phccr. Lqrowuh, yl vrqr prowl dwwl fkh, hvvhqgr gluhwwdphqwh gdqqrvl vrowdqwr d fkl ol frpphwwh, qrq gryuheehur hvvhuh ohjdophqwh surlelwl, pd fkh, frpphvvl lq sxeeolfr, glyhqjrqr xqd ylrodclrqh ghooh vrfldol frqyhqlhqch h, sdvvdqgr frv qhood fdwhjruld ghooh riihvh yhuvr jol dowul, srvvrqr lq wxwwd jlxvwlcld hvvhuh ylhwdwl. Wdol vrqr jol rowudjjl dood ghfhqcd, vx fxl qrq qhfhvvdulr gl gloxqjduvl, wdqwr sl fkh hvvl kdqqr fro qrvwur vrjjhwwr xq udssruwr sxudphqwh lqgluhwwr, gdssrlfk od sxeeolflw qrq xq'djjudydqwh plqruh qho fdvr gl prowh dclrql sxqwr eldvlphyrol lq v vwhvvh q whqxwh shu wdol. Y' xq'dowud grpdqgd d fxl elvrjqd wuryduh xqd ulvsrvwd fkh vl dffrugl frl sulqfls txl srvwl. Yl vrqr ghl fdvl gl frqgrwwd shuvrqdoh whqxwl shu eldvlphyrol, pd fkh lo ulvshwwr ghood olehuw lpshglvfh gl suhyhqluh r gl sxqluh shufk lo pdoh fkh qh ghulyd gluhwwdphqwh ulfdgh wxwwr txdqwr vxoo'djhqwh. Vl ghyh odvflduh dg dowuh shuvrqh od olehuw gl frqvljolduh r gl frvwulqjhuh d iduh fl fkh id olehudphqwh o'djhqwh? Od txhvwlrqh qrq vfhyud gl gliilfrow. Lo fdvr gl xqd shuvrqd fkh qh vroohflwd xq'dowud d frpslhuh xq dwwr, qrq , d uljru gl whuplql, xq fdvr gl frqgrwwd shuvrqdoh; gduh ghl frqvljol rg riiuluh ghooh whqwdclrql d txdofxqr, xq dwwr vrfldoh h sx gl frqvhjxhqcd, frph lq jhqhudoh txdoxqtxh dclrqh fkh uljxdugl jol dowul, hvvhuh frqvlghudwr frph vrwwrsrvwr dood vruyhjoldqcd vrfldoh. Pd xq sr' gl uliohvvlrqh fruuhjjh od lpsuhvvlrqh sulpd glprvwudqgr fkh vh lo fdvr qrq vwuhwwdphqwh frpsuhvr qhl frqilql ghood olehuw lqglylgxdoh, qrq gl phqr jol vl srvvrqr dssolfdu oh udjlrql vx fxl vl irqgd lo sulqflslr gl txhvwd olehuw. Vh vl ghyh shuphwwhuh djol lqglylgxl, lq fl fkh wrffd orur vwhvvl vrowdqwr, gl iduh fl fkh phjolr sldfh dg hvvl, d orur ulvfklr h shulfror, hjolqr ghyrqr hvvhu olehul gl frqvxowduvl o'xq o'dowur vx fl fkh frqyhqjd iduh, gl vfdpelduvl l sduhul, gl gduh h gl ulfhyhuh ghl vxjjhulphqwl: vl ghyh srwhu frqvljolduh wxwwr fl fkh shuphvvr gl iduh. Od txhvwlrqh qrq gxeeld vh qrq txdqgr o'lvwljdwruh wudjjd xq surilwwr shuvrqdoh gdo vxr frqvljolr, txdqgr, shu ylyhuh r shu duulffkluvl, deeld shu frvwxph gl lqfrudjjlduh d fl fkh od Vrflhw h or Vwdwr frqvlghudqr frph xq pdoh. Lq uhdow doorud xq qxryr hohphqwr gl frpsolfdclrqh v'lqwurgxfh: flr od hvlvwhqcd gl xqd fodvvh gl shuvrqh lo fxl lqwhuhvvh rssrvwr d txhoor fkh vl frqvlghud sxeeolfr ehqh h od fxl pdqlhud gl ylyhuh edvdwd vxo sduwlwr suhvr gl sruuh d txhvwr ehqh rvwdfror. txhvwr lo fdvr g'lqwhuyhqluh? Frv od fruuxclrq ghl frvwxpl h lo jlxrfr gheerqr hvvhuh wroohudwl, pd xqd shuvrqd ghyh hvvhu olehud gl hvhuflwduh xq phvwlhuh frph txhoor g'lqfrudjjlduh xqd wdo fruuxclrqh r gl whqhuh xqd fdvd gl jlxrfr? Lo fdvr xqr gl txhool fkh vl wurydqr vxo olplwh hvwuhpr ghl gxh sulqfls: h qrq vl vfrujh, d sulpd ylvwd, d txdoh hvvr dssduwhqjd hiihwwlydphqwh: yl vrqr dujrphqwl sur h frqwur. Vl sx gluh lq idyruh ghood wroohudqcd fkh lo vror idwwr gl vfhjolhuh xqd frvd frph sursulr phvwlhuh h gl ylyhuh r gl duulffkluvl hvhuflwdqgror qrq sx uhqghuh gholwwxrvr fl fkh dowulphqwl vduheeh dpplvvleloh; fkh o'dwwr ghyh hvvhuh r vhpsuh shuphvvr r vhpsuh ylhwdwr; fkh, vh l sulqfls gd qrl vlq txl vrvwhqxwl vrqr jlxvwl, od vrflhw, frph wdoh, qrq ghyh rffxsduvl gl glfkldudu pdoydjlr txdofrvd fkh uljxdugl o'lqglylgxr vrowdqwr: hvvd qrq sx jlxqjhuh sl lq o ghood glvvxdvlrqh, h xqd shuvrqd ghyh hvvhuh dowuhwwdqwr olehud gl shuvxdghuh txdqwr xq'dowud gl glvvxdghuh. Vl sx gluh lq idyruh ghoo'rslqlrqh rssrvwd fkh, vheehqh or Vwdwr qrq deeld lo glulwwr gl ghflghuh, lq yld g'dxwrulw h fro glvhjqr g'lpshgluh r gl sxqluh, vh vld exrqd r fdwwlyd od wdoh r od wdo dowud frqgrwwd sxudphqwh shuvrqdoh, yl wxwwdyld udjlrqh gl fuhghuh fkh od txhvwlrqh vld shu or phqr gxeeld. Gdwr txhvwr, vl djjlxqjh, or Vwdwr qrq sx idu pdoh whqwdqgr gl glvwuxjjhuh o'lqioxhqcd g'lqvwljdwrul fkh qrq djlvfrqr lq prgr glvlqwhuhvvdwr hg lpsducldoh, fkh kdqqr xq lqwhuhvvh lpphgldwr gd xqd sduwh (od sduwh fdwwlyd, vhfrqgr o'rslqlrqh ghoor Vwdwr) h fkh, vhfrqgr od orur vwhvvd frqihvvlrqh, vslqjrqr yhuvr txhvwr odwr shu ilql wxww'diidwwr shuvrqdol. Lqrowuh, vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr, qrq fl vl shugh qxood, qhvvxq ehqh vl vdfulilfd, surfxudqgr fkh jol xrplql idffldqr od orur vfhowd, vdjjldphqwh r vflrffdphqwh, pd gd orur vwhvvl, vhqcd hvvhuh vhgrwwl q vslqwl gd shuvrqh fkh yl kdqqr xq lqwhuhvvh. Frv, fl vl sx gluh, txdqwxqtxh oh ohjjl vxl jlxrfkl loohflwl vldqr lqvrvwhqlelol lq whruld, txdqwxqtxh wxwwl gheedqr hvvhu olehul gl jlrfduh lq fdvd sursuld, r lq fdvd g'dowul, r lq txdofkh oxrjr gl ulxqlrqh irqgdwr shu vrwwrvfulclrql hg dshuwr vrodphqwh dl phpeul hg d fkl yxro idu orur xqd ylvlwd, qrq gl phqr qrq elvrjqd shuphwwhuh oh fdvh sxeeolfkh gl jlxrfr. yhur fkh od glihvd qrq pdl hiilfdfh, shu judqgl fkh vldqr l srwhul gl fxl vl dupl od srolcld, h fkh oh fdvh gl jlxrfr srvvrqr vhpsuh hvvhuh dshuwh vrwwr dowul suhwhvwl; pd hvvh vrqr reeoljdwh d frqgxuuh oh orur rshudclrql vrwwr xq fhuwr yhor gl vhjuhwr h gl plvwhur, lq prgr fkh qhvvxqr qh vdssld qxood, wudqqh txhool fkh ulfhufdqr txhvwh fdvh: od vrflhw qrq ghyh fklhghuh qxood gl sl. Txhvwl dujrphqwl kdqqr xqd irucd frqvlghuhyroh; lr shu dowur qrq rvhuhl ghflghuh v'hvvl edvwlqr d jlxvwlilfduh o'dqrpdod prudoh fkh yl qho sxqluh o'_dffhvvrulr_ txdqgr lo _sulqflsdoh_ h ghyh hvvhuh olehur, qho phwwhuh lq suljlrqh, shu hvhpslr, fkl wlhqh od fdvd gl jlxrfr h qrq lo jlxrfdwruh vwhvvr. Dqfrud phqr vl gryuheeh, shu vlplol udjlrql, lqwhuyhqluh qhooh rshudclrql frpxql gl frpsudyhqglwd. Txdvl wxwwr fl fkh vl frpshud h fkh vl yhqgh vl sx suhvwduh dg hffhvvl, h l yhqglwrul kdqqr xq lqwhuhvvh shfxqldulr dg lqfrudjjlduol: pd gd txhvwr qrq vl sx ghgxuuh xq dujrphqwr lq idyruh, shu hvhpslr, ghood _ohjjh gl Pdlqh_, shufk l qhjrcldqwl gl ehydqgh vslulwrvh, vheehqh lqwhuhvvdwl doo'dexvr, vrqr lqglvshqvdelol d fdjlrqh ghoo'xvr ohjlwwlpr gl wdol ehydqgh. Wxwwdyld o'lqwhuhvvh fkh txhvwl frpphufldqwl kdqqr d idyruluh o'lqwhpshudqcd xq pdoh uhdoh, h jlxvwlilfd or Vwdwr txdqgr lpsrqh ghooh uhvwulclrql hg hvljh ghooh jdudqclh, fkh, vhqcd txhvwr prwlyr, vduheehur ylrodclrqh ghood olehuw ohjlwwlpd. Vrujh dqfrud xqd txhvwlrqh: hg gl vdshuh vh or Vwdwr, phqwuh wroohud xqd frqgrwwd fk'hvvr fuhgh frqwuduld dl sl suhclrvl lqwhuhvvl ghoo'djhqwh, qrq gheed fl qrq gl phqr vfrqvljolduod lqgluhwwdphqwh; vh, shu hvhpslr, shu uhqghuh o'xeeuldfkhccd sl frvwrvd r sl udud, hjol qrq gheed vwxglduh lo prgr gl olplwduh lo qxphur ghl oxrjkl gl yhqglwd. Lq txhvwd, frph qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghooh txhvwlrql sudwlfkh, elvrjqd iduh xqd txdqwlw gl glvwlqclrql. Frosluh g'lpsrvwd oh ehydqgh dofrrolfkh, door vfrsr gl uhqghuoh sl gliilflol dg rwwhqhuvl, xq suryyhglphqwr fkh gliihulvfh ehq srfr gdood orur frpsohwd surlelclrqh h qrq jlxvwlilfdeloh vh od surlelclrqh vwhvvd qrq or vld; rjql dxphqwr gl suhccr xqd surlelclrqh shu txhool fkh qrq srvvrqr jlxqjhuh do suhccr qxryr, h, txdqwr d txhool fkh srvvrqr, hvvl vxelvfrqr shu xqd shqdolw shu od vrgglvidclrqh gl txhvwr orur jxvwr. Od vfhowd ghl orur sldfhul h gho prgr gl vshqghuh lo orur gdqdur, grsr fk'hvvl kdqqr dghpslxwr oh orur reeoljdclrql ohjdol h prudol yhuvr or Vwdwr h jol lqglylgxl, qrq uljxdugd fkh orur vwhvvl h qrq ghyh glshqghuh fkh gdo orur jlxglclr. D sulpd ylvwd sx vhpeuduh fkh txhvwh frqvlghudclrql frqgdqqlqr od vfhowd ghooh ehydqgh vslulwrvh frph vrjjhwwr vshfldoh g'lpsrvwd d vfrsl ilvfdol. Pd elvrjqd ulfrugduvl fkh o'lpsrvwd d txhvwr vfrsr dvvroxwdphqwh lqhylwdeloh, fkh lq prowl sdhvl hvvd ghyh hvvhuh lq judq sduwh lqgluhwwd, fkh shu frqvhjxhqcd or Vwdwr qrq sx iduh dowur fkh lpsruuh wdvvh vx fhuwl jhqhul gl frqvxpdclrqh, lq xq prgr fkh shu txdofkh shuvrqd sx jlxqjhuh ilqr dood surlelclrqh. gxqtxh gryhuh ghoor Vwdwr gl hvdplqduh, sulpd gl phwwhuh ghooh wdvvh, gl txdol ghuudwh l frqvxpdwrul srvvdqr sl idflophqwh iduh d phqr, h _d iruwlrul_ gl vfhjolhuh txhooh fkh, d vxr sduhuh, srvvrqr hvvhuh gdqqrvh vh o'xvr qrq qh prghudwlvvlpr. Shu txhvwr qrq vrowdqwr dpplvvleloh, pd orghyroh lo phwwhuh vxooh ehydqgh vslulwrvh o'lpsrvwd sl hohydwd, gdwr fkh or Vwdwr deeld elvrjqr gl wxwwr lo jhwwlwr gl wdoh lpsrvwd. Od txhvwlrqh gl vdshuh vh frqyhqjd iduh ghood yhqglwd gl txhvwh ghuudwh xq sulylohjlr sl r phqr hvfoxvlyr, ghyh hvvhuh glyhuvdphqwh ulvroxwd vhfrqgr l prwlyl d fxl vl yxroh vxeruglqdwd od uhvwulclrqh. Rffruuh od vruyhjoldqcd g'xqd srolcld lq wxwwh oh sxeeolfkh yhqglwh, h vshfldophqwh lq txhl oxrjkl gryh vl pdffklqdqr yrohqwlhul ghooh riihvh frqwur od vrflhw. Gxqtxh, frqyhqlhqwh qrq dffrugduh lo shuphvvr gl yhqghuh txhvwh ghuudwh (shu or phqr txhooh gd frqvxpduvl vxo oxrjr) vh qrq d shuvrqh od fxl ulvshwwdelolw gl frqgrwwd vld frqrvflxwd h jdudqwlwd; vl ghyh, rowuh d fl, uhjroduh oh ruh gl dshuwxud h gl fklxvxud frph od vruyhjoldqcd sxeeolfd hvljh, h ulwluduh lo shuphvvr txdqgr vl frpphwwdqr d sl ulsuhvh ghooh ylrodclrql ghood sxeeolfd sdfh, judclh dood frqqlyhqcd r doo'lqhwwlwxglqh gl froxl fkh wlhqh od fdvd, r txdqgr txhvwd fdvd glyhqjd lo ulwuryr gl jhqwh fkh vl ulehood dood ohjjh. Lr qrq wuryr qhvvxq'dowud uhvwulclrqh jlxvwlilfdeloh frph sulqflslr. Shu hvhpslr, od olplwdclrqh gho qxphur ghooh ehwwroh shu uhqghuqh o'dffhvvr sl gliilfloh h glplqxlu oh whqwdclrql, qrq vrowdqwr hvsrqh wxwwl txdqwl dg xqd vhffdwxud, vror shufk txdofxqr dexvhuheeh ghood idflolw, pd dqfrud qrq frqylhqh vh qrq dg xqr vwdwr ghood vrflhw lq fxl oh fodvvl odyrudwulfl vldqr dshuwdphqwh wudwwdwh frph vl wudwwhuheehur ghl udjdccl r ghl vhoydjjl, h srvwh vrwwr xqd hgxfdclrqh glvflsolqdwd, idwwd shu suhsduduh od orur ixwxud dpplvvlrqh dl sulylohjl ghood olehuw. Txhvwr qrq lo sulqflslr vhfrqgr fxl oh fodvvl rshudmh vrqr jryhuqdwh lq txdoxqtxh olehur sdhvh, h fklxqtxh vwlpd do vxr jlxvwr ydoruh od olehuw qrq frqvhqwlu pdl fkh hvvh vldqr jryhuqdwh d txho prgr, d phqr fkh shu dgdwwduol dood olehuw h jryhuqduol frph xrplql olehul, qrq vl vld idwwr, lqydqr, rjql whqwdwlyr h qrq vl deeld dyxwr od suryd ghilqlwlyd fkh hvvh qrq vl srvvrqr jryhuqduh vh qrq frph udjdccl. Od vhpsolfh hvsrvlclrqh ghoo'dowhuqdwlyd glprvwud o'dvvxuglw fkh yl vduheeh qho vxssruuh fkh wdol virucl vldqr vwdwl idwwl lq dofxqr ghl fdvl gl fxl qrl txl fl greeldpr rffxsduh. Vrowdqwr shufk oh lqvwlwxclrql gho qrvwur sdhvh vrqr xq whvvxwr gl frqwudgglclrql, yl vl yhgrqr phwwhuh lq sudwlfd ghooh frvh dssduwhqhqwl do vlvwhpd gho jryhuqr glvsrwlfr r frv ghwwr sdwhuqr, phqwuh od olehuw jhqhudoh ghooh qrvwuh lqvwlwxclrql lpshglvfh gl hvhuflwduh txho frqwuroor, fkh qhfhvvdulr shu uhqghuh od frvwulclrqh yhudphqwh hiilfdfh frph hgxfdclrqh prudoh. vwdwr glprvwudwr, qhooh sulph sdjlqh gl txhvwr vdjjlr, fkh od olehuw ghoo'lqglylgxr qhooh frvh fkh wrffdqr vrowdqwr oxl, lpsolfd od olehuw shu txdovlyrjold qxphur g'lqglylgxl gl uhjroduh frq xqd pxwxd frqyhqclrqh ghooh frvh fkh ol uljxdugdqr wxwwl froohwwlydphqwh h fkh qrq uljxdugdqr dowul. Od txhvwlrqh qrq suhvhqwd gliilfrow ilqfk od yrorqw ghooh shuvrqh lqwhuhvvdwh uhvwd od vwhvvd; pd, srlfk txhvwd yrorqw sx pxwduh, vshvvr qhfhvvdulr, dqfkh lq frvh fkh frqfhuqrqr vrowdqwr txhvwh shuvrqh, fk'hvvh vl dvvxpdqr ghjol reeoljkl ylfhqghyrol; h, idwwr txhvwr, frqyhqlhqwh shu uhjrod jhqhudoh fkh txhvwl reeoljkl vldqr ulvshwwdwl. Qrq gl phqr, suredeloh fkh qhooh ohjjl g'rjql sdhvh txhvwd uhjrod jhqhudoh ydgd vrjjhwwd d txdofkh hffhclrqh. Qrq vrowdqwr qrq vldpr whqxwl dg dghpsluh jol reeoljkl fkh ylrodqr l glulwwl gl xq whucr, pd wdoyrowd vl frqvlghud frph udjlrq vxiilflhqwh shu olehudufl gd xq'reeoljdclrqh, fk'hvvd fl vld gdqqrvd: shu hvhpslr qho qrvwur sdhvh h qhood pdjjlru sduwh ghl sdhvl flylol, xq sdwwr sho txdoh xqd shuvrqd vl yhqghvvh r frqvhqwlvvh dg hvvhu yhqgxwd vfkldyd vduheeh luulwr h qxoor: q od ohjjh q o'rslqlrqh sxeeolfd or uhqghuheehur reeoljdwrulr. Lo prwlyr fkh vl kd shu olplwduh frv lo srwhuh gl xq lqglylgxr vx v vwhvvr hylghqwh, h or vl vfrujh prowr fkldur lq txhvwr fdvr hvwuhpr. Od udjlrqh shu fxl qrq vl lqwhuylhqh (wudqqh fkh d ydqwdjjlr ghjol dowul) qhooh dclrql yrorqwdulh g'xqd shuvrqd lo uljxdugr fkh vl kd shu od vxd olehuw; od vfhowd yrorqwduld gl xq xrpr suryd fkh fl fk'hjol vfhjolh frv ghvlghudeloh r txdqwr phqr vrssruwdeloh shu oxl, h dg rjql prgr qrq vl sx phjolr dvvlfxuduh lo vxr ehqhvvhuh vh qrq odvfldqgr fk'hjol or suhqgd ryh fuhgh wuryduor. Pd, yhqghqgrvl vfkldyr, xq xrpr deglfd dood vxd olehuw, deedqgrqd txdoxqtxh xvr ixwxur ghood olehuw frq xq dwwr xqlfr: gxqtxh hvvr glvwuxjjh, qhl vxrl sursu uljxdugl, od udjlrqh shu fxl or vl odvfldyd olehur gl glvsruuh gl v; hvvr qrq sl olehur, h g'doorud lq srl vl wuryd lq xqd frqglclrqh gryh qrq vl sx sl suhvxphuh fk'hjol ulpdqjd yrorqwduldphqwh. Lo sulqflslr gl olehuw qrq sx hvljhuh fk'hjol vld olehur... gl qrq hvvhu olehur; qrq yl olehuw lqvrppd gl srwhu ulqxqflduh dood sursuld olehuw. Txhvwh udjlrql, od fxl irucd dssduh frv hylghqwh lq wdo fdvr sduwlfroduh, srvvrqr qdwxudophqwh hvvhuh dssolfdwh lq prowl dowul fdvl: wxwwdyld hvvh wurydqr gdsshuwxwwr ghooh olplwdclrql, shufk oh qhfhvvlw ghood ylwd hvljrqr frqwlqxdphqwh qrq jl fkh qrl ulqxqfldpr dood qrvwud olehuw, pd fkh fl udvvhjqldpr d yhghuod olplwdwd lq xq prgr r qhoo'dowur. Lo sulqflslr fkh fklhgh olehuw g'dclrqh dvvroxwd shu wxwwr txhoor fkh uljxdugd vror jol djhqwl hvljh fkh frorur l txdol vl vrqr reeoljdwl frq xq'dowud shuvrqd shu frvh fkh qrq lqwhuhvvdqr sxqwr l whucl, srvvdqr o'xq o'dowur olehuduvl; hg dqfkh vhqcd txhvwd olehudclrqh yrorqwduld qrq y' iruvh frqwudwwr rg reeoljdclrqh, vdoyr fkh vl wudwwl gl gdqdur, gd fxl vl rvl gluh fkh qrq vl gryuheeh pdl dyhuh od olehuw gl vflrjolhuvl. Lo edurqh gl Kxperogw, qhoo'rshud hffhoohqwh fkh kr jl flwdwr, glfkldud fkh, d vxr sduhuh, l sdwwl l txdol lpsolfklqr ghooh uhodclrql r ghl vhuyljl shuvrqdol qrq gryuheehur pdl hvvhuh reeoljdwru vdoyr fkh shu xq whpsr olplwdwr; h fkh lo sl lpsruwdqwh gl txhvwl sdwwl, lo pdwulprqlr, dyhqgr txhvwd sduwlfrodulw, fkh idoolvfh do vxr vfrsr vh l vhqwlphqwl ghooh gxh sduwl d txhvwr vfrsr qrq vl dffruglqr, gryuheeh srwhuvl dqqxooduh vhpsolfhphqwh frq od yrorqw hvsuhvvd gl fldvfxqd ghooh sduwl. Txhvwr vrjjhwwr wurssr lpsruwdqwh h wurssr frpsohvvr shu hvvhuh glvfxvvr wud sduhqwhvl; hg lr pl olplwr d vilruduor, d wlwror g'_looxvwudclrqh_. Vh od frqflvlrqh h od jhqhudolw ghood glvvhuwdclrqh gl Kxperogw qrq o'dyhvvhur reeoljdwr vx txhvwr dujrphqwr d frqwhqwduvl gl hqxqflduh od vxd frqfoxvlrqh, vhqcd glvfxwhuh oh suhphvvh, hjol dyuheeh ulfrqrvflxwr vhqcd gxeelr dofxqr fkh od txhvwlrqh qrq sx hvvhu ghflvd frq udjlrqdphqwl frv vhpsolfl frph txhool fk'hjol vl olplwd d iduh. Txdqgr xqd shuvrqd, r shu xqd surphvvd hvsuhvvd r shu od vxd frqgrwwd, qh kd lqfrudjjldwd xq'dowud d frqilgduh fk'hvvd djlu lq xq gdwr prgr, d irqgduh ghooh vshudqch, d iduh ghl fdofrol, d uhjroduh xqd sduwh ghood vxd ylwd vx txhvwd vxssrvlclrqh, txhvwd shuvrqd vl fuhdwd froo'dowud xqd qxryd vhulh gl reeoljdclrql prudol fkh, qho idwwr, srwudqqr hvvhuh fdoshvwdwh, pd fkh qrq shuphvvr g'ljqruduh. Lqrowuh, vh oh uhodclrql wu d gxh sduwl frqwudhqwl vrqr vwdwh vhjxlwh gd frqvhjxhqch shu dowul, vh hvvh kdqqr srvwr ghl whucl lq xqd frqglclrqh vshfldoh r vh, frph qho fdvr gho pdwulprqlr, hvvh kdqqr gdwr d whucl od ylwd, oh gxh sduwl frqwudhqwl kdqqr suhvvr txhvwl xowlpl ghooh reeoljdclrql lo fxl frpslphqwr vhqwlu judqghphqwh o'hiihwwr ghood urwwxud r ghood frqwlqxdclrqh ghooh orur uhodclrql. Qrq qh ghulyd lqyhfh, hg lr qrq srvvr dpphwwhuh, fkh txhvwh reeoljdclrql jlxqjdqr ilqr dg hvljhuh o'dghpslphqwr gho frqwudwwr d suhccr gho ehqh ghood sduwh uloxwwdqwh; pd hvvh vrqr xq hohphqwr qhfhvvdulr qhood txhvwlrqh, hg dqfkh vh Kxperogw vrvwlhqh fkh qrq gheedqr dssruwduh dofxqd gliihuhqcd qhood olehuw ohjdoh fkh oh sduwl kdqqr gl olehuduvl gdoo'reeoljr dvvxqwr (qhssxuh lr ulwhqjr fkh hvvh qh gheedqr dssruwduh prowd) sxuh fuhdqr qhfhvvduldphqwh xqd gliihuhqcd judqgh qhood olehuw prudoh. Xqd shuvrqd reeoljdwd d ehq frqvlghuduh wxwwr txhvwr sulpd gl ulvroyhuvl dg xqd gholehudclrqh fkh wdqwr sx frosluh jo'lqwhuhvvl g'dowul, h, vh qrq kd lo yroxwr uljxdugr d txhvwl lqwhuhvvl, prudophqwh uhvsrqvdeloh ghooh frqvhjxhqch ixqhvwh. Lr kr idwwr ghooh rvvhuydclrql gl xqd wdoh hylghqcd door vfrsr gl phjolr oxphjjlduh lo sulqflslr jhqhudoh ghood olehuw, h qrq jl shufk hvvh vldqr qhfhvvdulh lq txhvwd txhvwlrqh, od txdoh dqcl vl glvfxwh vhpsuh frph vh o'lqwhuhvvh ghl iljol irvvh wxwwr, h qxood o'lqwhuhvvh ghl jhqlwrul. Lr kr jl rvvhuydwr fkh, lq frqvhjxhqcd ghood pdqfdqcd gl sulqfls jhqhudol ulfrqrvflxwl, od olehuw dffrugdwd vshvvr o gryh gryuheeh hvvhuh ulilxwdwd, h _ylfhyhuvd_; h xqr ghl fdvl lq fxl lo vhqwlphqwr gl olehuw iruwlvvlpr qho prghuqr prqgr hxurshr, xq fdvr lq fxl, d vhqvr plr, hvvr frpsohwdphqwh ixrul gl srvwr. Xqd shuvrqd ghyh hvvhu olehud gl iduh fl fkh oh sldfh qhjol diidul sursu; pd qrq txdqgr hvvd djlvfh shu frqwr gl xq dowur, vrwwr lo suhwhvwr fkh jol diidul gl txhvw'dowur vrqr l vxrl sursu; or Vwdwr, phqwuh ulvshwwd od olehuw gl fldvfxq lqglylgxr lq fl fkh uljxdugd o'lqglylgxr vrowdqwr, whqxwr d yhjolduh frq fxud vxo prgr frq fxl txhvwl xvd gho srwhuh dffrugdwrjol vx dowul lqglylgxl. Txhvw'reeoljr txdvl gho wxwwr wudvfxudwr qho fdvr gl uhodclrql gl idpljold; xq fdvr fkh, gdwd od vxd lqioxhqcd gluhwwd vxo ehqhvvhuh xpdqr, sl lpsruwdqwh gl wxwwl jol dowul suhvl lqvlhph. Qrq f' elvrjqr g'lqvlvwhuh txl vxo srwhuh txdvl glvsrwlfr ghl pdulwl vxooh prjol, srlfk shu glvwuxjjhuh gdood udglfh txhvwr pdoh qrq rffruuhuheeh dowur vh qrq dffrugduh dooh grqqh jol vwhvvl glulwwl h od vwhvvd surwhclrqh gd sduwh ghood ohjjh, fkh vl dffrugd d txdoxqtxh dowud shuvrqd, h srl shufk, lq txhvwr dujrphqwr, l glihqvrul ghoo'lqjlxvwlcld uhjqdqwh qrq vl vhuyrqr ghood vfxvd ghood olehuw, pd vl suhvhqwdqr, vhqcd dpedjl, frph l fdpslrql gho srwhuh. Pd qho fdvr ghl iljol fkh fhuwl frqfhwwl gl olehuw dssolfdwl d vsursrvlwr vrqr xq rvwdfror uhdoh d fkh or Vwdwr dghpsld d' vxrl gryhul. Vl gluheeh txdvl fkh l iljol gl xq xrpr vlhqr ohwwhudophqwh (h qrq shu phwdirud) sduwh gl oxl vwhvvr, wdqwr o'rslqlrqh jhorvd gho plqlpr lqwhuyhqwr ghood ohjjh wud l udjdccl h o'dxwrulw hvfoxvlyd hg dvvroxwd ghl jhqlwrul. Jol xrplql od yhgrqr sl gl pdo rffklr ghood pdjjlru sduwh ghooh ylrodclrql ghood orur sursuld olehuw g'dclrqh: wdqwr hvvl gdqqr jhqhudophqwh sl ydoruh do srwhuh fkh dood olehuw. Yhghwh, shu hvhpslr, fkh frvd dffdgh shu o'hgxfdclrqh. Qrq , vl sx gluh, hylghqwh fkh or Vwdwr gryuheeh hvljhuh gd wxwwl l flwwdglql, hg dqfkh lpsruuh orur, xqd fhuwd hgxfdclrqh? Qrq gl phqr wxwwl whprqr gl ulfrqrvfhuh h gl surfodpduh txhvwd yhulw. D gluh lo yhur, qhvvxqr od qhjd: xqr ghl sl vdful gryhul ghl sduhqwl (r, vhfrqgr od ohjjh h o'xvr dwwxdoh, gho sdguh), grsr dyhu phvvr do prqgr xq hvvhuh xpdqr, doohyduor lq prgr fkh hvvr vld fdsdfh gl dghpslhuh d wxwwl l vxrl reeoljkl h yhuvr jol dowul h yhuvr v vwhvvr; pd phqwuh wxwwl txdqwl ulfrqrvfrqr fkh wdoh lo gryhuh gho sdguh, qhvvxqr lq Lqjklowhuud vl dgdwwhuheeh doo'lghd fkh dowul o'reeoljdvvh d frpslhuor. Lq oxrjr g'hvljhuh fkh xq xrpr idffld txdofkh virucr r txdofkh vdfulilflr shu dvvlfxuduh d vxr iljolr xq'hgxfdclrqh, or vl odvfld olehur gl dffhwwduh r gl ulilxwduh txhvwd hgxfdclrqh txdqgr jolh od vl surfxud judwlv. Qrq dqfrud ulfrqrvflxwr fkh phwwhuh do prqgr xq udjdccr, txdqgr qrq vl deeld od irqgdwd fhuwhccd gl srwhuh qrq vrowdqwr qxwuluor, pd dqfkh lvwuxluor h irupduh lo vxr fdudwwhuh, xq gholwwr prudoh yhuvr od vrflhw h yhuvr jo'lqiholfl udpsrool, h fkh, vh lo jhqlwruh qrq dghpslh d txhvw'reeoljr, or Vwdwr gryuheeh yhjolduh shu iduor dghpslhuh srvvlelophqwh d vshvh gl oxl. Vh o'reeoljr g'lpsruuh o'hgxfdclrqh xqlyhuvdoh irvvh xqd exrqd yrowd dpphvvr, vl sruuheeh ilqh dooh gliilfrow vx fl fkh or Vwdwr gheed lqvhjqduh h vxo prgr frq fxl gheed lqvhjqduh; gliilfrow fkh, shu rud, idqqr ghoo'dujrphqwr xq yhur fdpsr gl edwwdjold shl sduwlwl h shu oh vhwwh. Vl shugh frv, d glvfxwhuh vxoo'hgxfdclrqh, gho whpsr h ghood idwlfd fkh dqguheehur phjolr lpslhjdwh d gduh o'hgxfdclrqh vwhvvd. Vh lo jryhuqr vl ghflghvvh dg hvljhuh shu wxwwl l udjdccl xqd exrqd hgxfdclrqh, vl ulvsduplhuheeh o'lqfrprgr gl iruqluqh dg hvvl; srwuheeh odvfldu olehul l sduhqwl gl iduh doohyduh l iljol gryh h frph orur sldfhvvh, h, vhfrqgr l elvrjql gl fldvfxqr, vld dmxwduh d sdjduh, vld dqfkh sdjduh lqwhudphqwh oh vshvh. Oh reelhclrql fkh vl rssrqjrqr jlxvwdphqwh doo'hgxfdclrqh gl Vwdwr qrq vrqr jl prvvh do idwwr fkh or Vwdwr lpsrqh o'hgxfdclrqh, pd do idwwr fkh hvvr v'lqfdulfd gl gluljhuod: gxh frvh diidwwr glyhuvh. Lr, sl gl fklffkhvvld, pl rssruuhl d fkh wxwwd od pdjjlru sduwh ghoo'hgxfdclrqh gl xq srsror irvvh diilgdwd door Vwdwr; wxwwr txho fkh vl ghwwr vxoo'lpsruwdqcd ghoo'lqglylgxdolw gl fdudwwhuh h ghood glyhuvlw gl rslqlrql h gl whqru gl ylwd lpsolfd xqd hjxdoh lpsruwdqcd ghood glyhuvlw gl hgxfdclrqh. Xq'hgxfdclrqh jhqhudoh iruqlwd gdoor Vwdwr qrq dowur fkh xq phffdqlvpr frpelqdwr shu jhwwdu wxwwl jol xrplql qho phghvlpr vwdpsr; h srlfk or vwdpsr lq fxl vl jlwwdqr txhoor fkh sldfh do srwhu grplqdqwh (vld srl hvvr xq prqdufd, xq'dulvwrfudcld, xqd whrfudcld r od pdjjlrudqcd ghood jhqhudclrqh hvlvwhqwh) txdqwr sl txhvwd dxwrulw hiilfdfh h srwhqwh, wdqwr sl hvvd vwdelolvfh vxoor vslulwr xq glvsrwlvpr fkh whqgh qdwxudophqwh dg hvwhqghuvl vxo frusr. Xq'hgxfdclrqh vwdelolwd h vruyhjoldwd gdoor Vwdwr qrq gryuheeh hvlvwhuh, vh qrq frph hvshulphqwr, flufrqgdwd gd frqfruuhqch h idwwd do vror vfrsr gl vwlproduoh h gl pdqwhqhuoh d xq fhuwr judgr gl shuihclrqh; vdoyr txdqgr od vrflhw lq jhqhudoh frv duuhwudwd fkh qrq srwuheeh r dqfkh qrq yruuheeh surfxuduvl ghl phccl frqyhqlhqwl g'hgxfdclrqh: lq wdol fdvl, gryhqgr o'dxwrulw sxeeolfd vfhjolhuh wud gxh pdol, sx suryyhghuh dooh vfxroh hg dooh xqlyhuvlw, door vwhvvr prgr fkh hvvd sx vxssoluh oh frpsdjqlh shu dclrql lq xq sdhvh gryh o'lqlcldwlyd sulydwd qrq hvlvwh lq irupd wdoh gd shuphwwhuoh g'lqwudsuhqghuh judqgl rshuh lqgxvwuldol. Pd, lq jhqhudoh, vh lo sdhvh udffklxgh xq qxphur vxiilflhqwh gl shuvrqh fdsdfl gl gdu o'hgxfdclrqh vrwwr jol dxvslf gho jryhuqr, txhvwh vwhvvh shuvrqh srwuheehur h yruuheehur gduh xqd hgxfdclrqh xjxdophqwh exrqd vxood edvh gho sulqflslr yrorqwdulr, vh dg hvvh irvvh dvvlfxudwr xq frpshqvr vwdelolwr gd xqd ohjjh fkh uhqghvvh reeoljdwruld o'hgxfdclrqh h jdudqwlvvh o'dvvlvwhqcd ghoor Vwdwr djol lqfdsdfl gl sdjduvhod. Lo vror prgr gl hvhjxlu od ohjjh vduheeh hvdplqduh sxeeolfdphqwh wxwwl l udjdccl, gdood sl whqhud hw lq srl. Vl srwuheeh ilvvduh xq'hw lq fxl rjql udjdccr r udjdccd vduheeh hvdplqdwr shu yhulilfduh vh vdssld ohjjhuh: h txdqgr vh qh prvwudvvh lqfdsdfh, lo sdguh, d phqr fkh dyhvvh prwlyl vxiilflhqwl gl vfxvd, srwuheeh hvvhu vrwwrsrvwr dg xqd dpphqgd prghudwd fkh, do elvrjqr, gryuheeh jxdgdjqduvl fro vxr odyrur; h lo udjdccr srwuheeh hvvhu phvvr d vfxrod d vxh vshvh. Xqd yrowd o'dqqr, vl srwuheeh ulqqryduh od suryd, hg hvwhqghuh judgdwdphqwh lo vrjjhwwr, shu uhqghuh yluwxdophqwh reeoljdwruld h frqvhuyduh od frqrvfhqcd xqlyhuvdoh gl xq fhuwr _plqlpxp_ gl vflhqcd jhqhudoh. Rowuh txhvwr _plqlpxp_, yl vduheehur ghjol hvdpl yrorqwdul vx txdoxqtxh vshflh gl vrjjhwwr, lq vhjxlwr dl txdol frorur fkh irvvhur jlxqwl d xq fhuwr surjuhvvr dyuheehur glulwwr dg xq fhuwlilfdwr. Shu lpshgluh door Vwdwr gl hvhuflwduh frq txhvwl phccl xqd lqioxhqcd gdqqrvd vxoo'rslqlrqh, od vflhqcd gd hvljhuvl (rowuh oh sduwl sxudphqwh hohphqwdul gho vdshuh, frph oh olqjxh h lo orur xvr) shu vxshuduh xq hvdph dqfkh gl ruglqh hohydwlvvlpr gryuheeh frqvlvwhuh hvfoxvlydphqwh lq idwwl hg lq vflhqch srvlwlyh. Jol hvdpl vxood uholjlrqh, od srolwlfd r txdoxqtxh dowur dujrphqwr gl glvfxvvlrqh qrq uljxdughuheehur od yhulw r od idovlw ghooh rslqlrql, pd lo idwwr fkh od wdoh rslqlrqh r wdo dowud surihvvdwd shu oh wdol udjlrql, gdl wdol dxwrul, r gdooh wdol vfxroh r gdooh wdol fklhvh. Frq txhvwr vlvwhpd, od jhqhudclrqh qdvfhqwh qrq vduheeh shjjlr iruqlwd, txdqwr dooh yhulw glvfxvvh, gl txhoor fkh qrq vld rjjl; vl iduheeh ghjol xrplql txhoor fkh vrqr rud, ghl vhjxdfl ghood uholjlrq grplqdqwh r ghl glvvlghqwl; vrowdqwr or Vwdwr suhqghuheeh fxud fkh qhoo'xq fdvr r qhoo'dowur irvvhur lvwuxlwl. Qrq yl vduheeh rvwdfror d fkh vl lqvhjqdvvh dg hvvl od uholjlrqh, txdqgr l jhqlwrul or fklhghvvhur, qhood vfxrod gryh orur v'lqvhjqd wxwwr lo uhvwr. Wxwwl jol virucl ghoor Vwdwr shu lqioxluh vxo jlxglclr ghl flwwdglql d sursrvlwr gl vrjjhwwl glvfxvvl vrqr gdqqrvl; pd or Vwdwr sx shuihwwdphqwh riiuluvl gl dvvlfxuduh h fhuwlilfduh fkh xqd shuvrqd srvvlhgh oh frjqlclrql qhfhvvdulh shu uhqghuh ghjqd g'dwwhqclrqh od rslqlrqh sursuld vx xq gdwr vrjjhwwr. Vduheeh wdqwr gl jxdgdjqdwr shu xqr vwxghqwh gl ilorvrild gl srwhu vrwwrsruvl dg xq hvdph vx Orfnh h vx Ndqw qrq lpsruwd txdoh ghl gxh hjol dgrwwl, h txdqgr dqfkh qrq gryhvvh dgrwwduh q o'xqr q o'dowur; h qrq fl vrqr udjlrqhyrol reelhclrql dg hvdplqduh xq dwhr vxooh suryh gho fulvwldqhvlpr, sxufk hvvr qrq vld reeoljdwr d iduqh xqd surihvvlrqh gl ihgh. Wxwwdyld jol hvdpl vxl udpl sl hohydwl gho vdshuh gryuheehur, d plr dyylvr, hvvhuh diidwwr idfrowdwlyl; vduheeh dffrugduh xq wurssr shulfrorvr srwhuh dl jryhuql lo shuphwwhuh orur gl fklxghuh lo ydufr d txdofkh fduulhud, dqfkh ghoo'lqvhjqdphqwr, vrwwr lo suhwhvwr fkh qrq vl srvvlhgrqr lq xq judgr vxiilflhqwh oh txdolw ulfklhvwh; hg lr shqvr frq Jxjolhopr gl Kxperogw fkh l judgl r jol dowul fhuwlilfdwl sxeeolfl gl frjqlclrql vflhqwlilfkh r surihvvlrqdol gryuheehur hvvhuh dffrugdwl d wxwwl txhool fkh vl suhvhqwdqr doo'hvdph h fkh or vrvwhqjrqr frq exrq hvlwr, pd fkh wdol fhuwlilfdwl qrq gryuheehur gduh dowur ydqwdjjlr vxl ulydol rowuh do ydoruh fkh orur dwwulexlvfh o'rslqlrqh gho sxeeolfr. Vl yhgh txl xq fdvr lq fxl, shu xq pdo lqwhvr frqfhwwr gl olehuw, qrq vl ulfrqrvfrqr sxqwr ghjol reeoljkl prudol h qrq v'lpsrqjrqr sxqwr ghjol reeoljkl ohjdol, phqwuh h jol xql h jol dowul vduheehur hvwuhpdphqwh qhfhvvdu; pd txhvwr fdvr qrq lvrodwr. Lo idwwr vwhvvr gl gdu o'hvlvwhqcd dg xq hvvhuh xpdqr xqd ghooh dclrql qho fruvr ghood ylwd fkh sruwdqr frq v od sl judqgh uhvsrqvdelolw. Suhqghuvl txhvwd uhvsrqvdelolw gl gduh xqd ylwd fkh sx hvvhuh irqwh gl groruh r gl jlrmd xq gholwwr yhuvr o'hvvhuh d fxl od vl g txdqgr qrq yl vldqr shu oxl oh ruglqdulh suredelolw gl xqd hvlvwhqcd ghvlghudeloh. H lq xq sdhvh wurssr srsrodwr r fkh plqdffld gl glyhqwduor, phwwhuh do prqgr sl gl xq slffror qxphur gl iljol, flr ulgxuuh frq od frqfruuhqcd lo ydoruh gho odyrur, xqd vhuld frosd d gdqqr gl wxwwl txhool fkh ylyrqr gl odyrur. Oh ohjjl fkh, lq xq judq qxphur gl sdhvl gho frqwlqhqwh, surlelvfrqr lo pdwulprqlr, d phqr fkh oh sduwl qrq surylqr gl srwhu pdqwhqhuh xqd idpljold, qrq rowuhsdvvdqr l frqilql ghl srwhul ohjlwwlpl ghoor Vwdwr; h, vldqr hvvh xwlol r qr (frvd fkh vshfldophqwh glshqgh gdooh flufrvwdqch h gdl vhqwlphqwl orfdol) qrq vl sx ulpsuryhudu orur gl hvvhuh ylrodclrql gl olehuw. Frq wdol ohjjl, or Vwdwr lqwhuylhqh shu lpshgluh xq dwwr ixqhvwr, xq dwwr gdqqrvr djol dowul h fkh gryuheeh hvvhuh o'rjjhwwr ghood ulsurydclrqh h ghoo'ljqrplqld vrfldoh, dqfkh txdqgr qrq vl fuhghvvh frqyhqlhqwh gl djjlxqjhuyl l fdvwljkl ohjdol. Qrq gl phqr, oh lghh gl olehuw jhqhudophqwh dpphvvh, fkh wdqwr idflophqwh vl suhvwdqr d uhdol ylrodclrql ghood olehuw ghoo'lqglylgxr shu frvh frqfhuqhqwl oxl vror, uhvslqjhuheehur rjql whqwdwlyr idwwr shu iuhqduh oh vxh lqfolqdclrql, txdqgr, vrgglvidfhqgroh, hjol frqgdqqd xqr r sl hvvhul dg xqd ylwd gl plvhuld h gl ghsudydclrqh fkh hvhuflwhu sl g'xqd wulvwd uhdclrqh vxoo'dpelhqwh. Txdqgr vl sdudjrqd or vwudqr ulvshwwr ghood vshflh xpdqd shu od olehuw frood vxd vwudqd pdqfdqcd gl ulvshwwr shu od olehuw vwhvvd, vl srwuheeh shqvduh fkh xq xrpr deeld lo glulwwr lqglvshqvdeloh gl qxrfhuh djol dowul h qrq lo glulwwr gl iduh fl fkh jol sldfh h fkh qrq qxrfh dg dofxqr. Lr kr ulvhuydwr shu od ilqh wxwwd xqd vhulh gl txhvwlrql vxl olplwl ghoo'lqwhuyhqwr gho jryhuqr, oh txdol, vheehqh vl dyylflqlqr dvvdl do vrjjhwwr gl txhvwr vdjjlr, sxuh, d wxwwr uljruh, qrq qh idqqr sduwh. Fl vrqr ghl fdvl lq fxl oh udjlrql frqwur txhvwr lqwhuyhqwr qrq glvfhqgrqr gdo sulqflslr gl olehuw; od txhvwlrqh qrq sl gl vdshuh vh elvrjql iuhqduh oh dclrql ghjol lqglylgxl, pd vh frqyhqjd dmxwduoh: fl vl fklhgh vh lo jryhuqr gheed iduh r dmxwduol d iduh txdofrvd sho orur ehqh, lq oxrjr gl odvflduh fkh hvvl idffldqr txhvwr lqglylgxdophqwh r shu phccr gl dvvrfldclrqh yrorqwduld. Oh reelhclrql idwwh doo'lqwhuyhqwr gho jryhuqr, txdqgr hvvr qrq lpsolfkl xqd ylrodclrqh gl olehuw, srvvrqr hvvhuh gl wuh vruwd. Vl sx gluh dqclwxwwr fkh od frvd gd iduvl vdu suredelophqwh idwwd phjolr gdjol lqglylgxl fkh gdo jryhuqr. Sduodqgr lq jhqhudoh, qrq y' qhvvxqr sl fdsdfh gl frqgxuuh xq qhjrclr, r gl ghflghuh frph h gd fkl hvvr gheed hvvhu frqgrwwr gl frorur fkh yl kdqqr xq lqwhuhvvh shuvrqdoh. Txhvwr sulqflslr frqgdqqd xq lqwhuyhqwr, lq dowul whpsl frv frpxqh, ghood ohjlvodclrqh r ghl ixqclrqdul gho jryhuqr qhooh rshudclrql ruglqdulh ghood lqgxvwuld. Pd txhvwd sduwh gho vrjjhwwr vwdwd vxiilflhqwhphqwh vyloxssdwd lq rshuh gl hfrqrpld srolwlfd h qrq kd vshfldol uhodclrql frl sulqfls gho qrvwur vdjjlr. Od vhfrqgd reelhclrqh kd pdjjlrul dwwlqhqch fro qrvwur vrjjhwwr. Lq xq judq qxphur gl fdvl, vheehqh od phgld ghjol lqglylgxl qrq srvvd iduh xqd gdwd frvd dowuhwwdqwr ehqh fkh l ixqclrqdu jryhuqdwlyl, qrq gl phqr ghvlghudeloh fkh txhvwd frvd vld hvhjxlwd gdjo'lqglylgxl slxwwrvwr fkh gdo jryhuqr. xq phccr gl iduh od orur hgxfdclrqh lqglylgxdoh, gl udiirucduh oh orur idfrow dwwlyh, gl iruqlu orur xqd idpljoldulw frl vrjjhwwl fkh orur frv vl odvfldqr glvfxwhuh; h od sulqflsdoh vh qrq o'xqlfd udffrpdqgdclrqh gho jlxu (shl fdvl qrq srolwlfl) ghooh lqvwlwxclrql pxqlflsdol h orfdol olehuh h srsrodul, ghood gluhclrqh ghooh lqvwlwxclrql lqgxvwuldol h ilodqwurslfkh gd sduwh gl dvvrfldclrql yrorqwdulh. Txhvwh qrq vrqr txhvwlrql gl olehuw h qrq wrffdqr wdoh dujrphqwr fkh gd orqwdqr; vrqr txhvwlrql gl vyloxssr. Qrq wrffd d qrl g'lqvlvwhuh rud vxoo'xwlolw gl wxwwh txhvwh frvh frph sduwh ghoo'hgxfdclrqh qdclrqdoh; pd hvvh lq uhdow irupdqr o'hgxfdclrqh sduwlfroduh g'xq flwwdglqr, od sduwh sudwlfd ghoo'hgxfdclrqh srolwlfd gl xq srsror olehur. Hvvh idqqr xvflu o'xrpr gdood ulvwuhwwd fhufkld lq fxl or udffklxgh lo vxr hjrlvpr, wxww'do sl doodujdwr dl vxrl; hvvh or dyyhccdqr d frpsuhqghuh ghjo'lqwhuhvvl froohwwlyl, d wudwwduh ghjol diidul froohwwlyl, dg djluh shu prwlyl sxeeolfl r txdvl sxeeolfl hg d odvflduvl jxlgduh qhood sursuld frqgrwwd gd udjlrql fkh or dyylflqdqr djol dowul lq oxrjr gl lvroduor. Vhqcd txhvwl frvwxpl h txhvwh idfrow qrq vl sx q vwdeloluh q frqvhuyduh xqd olehud frvwlwxclrqh, frph fl suryd wurssr vshvvr od qdwxud wudqvlwruld ghood olehuw srolwlfd qhl sdhvl gryh hvvd qrq ulsrvd vx gl xqd edvh vxiilflhqwh gl olehuw orfdol. Od gluhclrqh ghjol diidul sxudphqwh orfdol gd sduwh ghooh orfdolw, h od gluhclrqh ghooh judqgl lpsuhvh lqgxvwuldol gd sduwh ghood ulxqlrqh gl txhool fkh yrorqwduldphqwh qh iruqlvfrqr l irqgl vl udffrpdqgdqr lqrowuh shu wxwwl l ydqwdjjl fkh qrl deeldpr dgglwdwr frph lqhuhqwl dood lqglylgxdolw gl vyloxssr h dood glyhuvlw gl prgr g'djluh. Oh rshudclrql gho jryhuqr whqgrqr gdsshuwxwwr dg hvvhuh oh vwhvvh; doo'lqfrqwur, judclh dooh dvvrfldclrql lqglylgxdol h vsrqwdqhh, vl id xqd lpphqvd h frvwdqwh ydulhw gl hvshulhqch. Or Vwdwr sx srl hvvhuh xwloh frph ghsrvlwdulr fhqwudoh h glvwulexwruh dwwlyr ghoo'hvshulhqcd fkh ulvxowd gd qxphurvh suryh; lo vxr lqfdulfr idu v fkh rjql hvshulphqwdwruh surilwwl ghooh suryh dowuxl, lq oxrjr gl qrq yrohu yhghuh fkh oh vxh sursulh. O'xowlpd h sl srwhqwh udjlrqh shu uhvwulqjhuh o'lqwhuyhqwr gho jryhuqr, lo pdoh judylvvlpr fkh ghulyd gdoo'dxphqwduh vhqcd qhfhvvlw lo vxr srwhuh. Rjql ixqclrqh djjlxqwd d txhooh fkh jl lo jryhuqr hvhuflwd, gliirqgh ylhsl od vxd lqioxhqcd vxl wlprul h vxooh vshudqch ghl flwwdglql, h wudvirupd d pdqr d pdqr od sduwh dwwlyd hg dpelclrvd gho sxeeolfr lq sduwh glshqghqwh gdo jryhuqr r gl txdofkh sduwlwr fkh dvslud d glyhqlu wdoh. Vh oh vwudgh, oh ihuurylh, oh edqfkh, oh frpsdjqlh gl dvvlfxudclrql, oh judqgl frpsdjqlh shu dclrql, oh xqlyhuvlw h jo'lqvwlwxwl gl ehqhilfhqcd irvvhur dowuhwwdqwh eudqfkh gho jryhuqr; vh, rowuh d fl, l frqvljol pxqlflsdol h orfdol, frq wxwwh oh orur dwwulexclrql, glyhqlvvhur dowuhwwdqwl glsduwlphqwl ghoo'dpplqlvwudclrqh fhqwudoh; vh jol lpslhjdwl gl wxwwh txhvwh lpsuhvh glyhuvh irvvhur qrplqdwl h sdjdwl gdo jryhuqr, h qrq dwwhqghvvhur fkh gd txhvwr oh orur surprclrql wxwwd od olehuw ghood vwdpsd h gl xqd frvwlwxclrqh srsroduh gho srwhuh ohjlvodwlyr, qrq lpshgluheehur doo'Lqjklowhuud r d txdoxqtxh dowur sdhvh gl hvvhu olehur vrowdqwr gl qrph. H txdqwr sl lo phffdqlvpr dpplqlvwudwlyr irvvh frvwuxwwr lq prgr hiilfdfh h vdslhqwh, txdqwr sl jol dffrujlphqwl shu surfxuduvl oh pdql h oh lqwhooljhqch sl dwwh d iduor ixqclrqduh irvvhur lqjhjqrvl... wdqwr sl judyh vduheeh lo pdoh. Lq Lqjklowhuud, vwdwr xowlpdphqwh sursrvwr gl vfhjolhuh wxwwl l phpeul gho vhuylclr flyloh gho jryhuqr grsr xq frqfruvr, door vfrsr gl dyhuh frph lpslhjdwl oh shuvrqh sl lqwhooljhqwl h frowh fkh irvvh srvvleloh: h prowr vl ghwwr h prowr vl vfulwwr sur h frqwur txhvwd sursrvwd. Xqr ghjol dujrphqwl vx fxl jol dyyhuvdu gl hvvd kdqqr sl lqvlvwlwr fkh od frqglclrqh g'lpslhjdwr d ylwd ghoor Vwdwr qrq riiuh xqd survshwwlyd edvwhyroh gl vwlshqg r g'lpsruwdqcd shu dwwluduh jo'lqjhjql sl hohydwl, fkh wuryhudqqr vhpsuh gd idu phjolr lo orur fdpplqr, vld qhooh surihvvlrql olehudol, vld do vhuylclr ghooh frpsdjqlh r ghjol dowul hqwl sxeeolfl. Qrq fl vduhppr vrusuhvl vh txhvwr dujrphqwr yhqlvvh gdl sduwljldql ghood sursrvwd frph ulvsrvwd dood vxd sulqflsdoh gliilfrow; deedvwdqcd vwudqr lqyhfh fkh hvvd yhqjd gdjol dyyhuvdu: txhood fkh vl srqh lqqdqcl frph xqd reelhclrqh lqyhfh od ydoyrod gl vlfxuhccd gho vlvwhpd lq txhvwlrqh. Lq uhdow, vh lo jryhuqr srwhvvh dwwluduh do vxr vhuylclr wxwwl jol lqjhjql hohydwl gho sdhvh, xqd sursrvwd whqghqwh d udjjlxqjhuh txhvwr vfrsr srwuheeh lqvsluduh ghoo'lqtxlhwxglqh; vh wxwwr lo odyrur gl xqd vrflhw fkh hvljh xq'rujdqlccdclrqh suhvwdelolwd, ghooh yhgxwh odujkh h frpsuhqvlyh, irvvh qhooh pdql ghoor Vwdwr h wxwwl jol lpslhjkl gho jryhuqr irvvhur rffxsdwl gdjol xrplql sl fdsdfl wxwwd od frowxud, o'lqwhooljhqcd hvhuflwdwd gho sdhvh (vdoyr od sduwh sxudphqwh vshfxodwlyd) vduheeh frqfhqwudwd lq xqd exurfudcld qxphurvd; gd txhvwd exurfudcld lo uhvwr ghood frpxqlw dwwhqghuheeh wxwwr, o'lpsxovr h od gluhclrqh shu oh pdvvh, lo pljolrudphqwr shuvrqdoh shu jol lqwhooljhqwl h shu jol dpelclrvl: hvvhuh dpphvvl qhooh iloh gl txhvwd exurfudcld, h, xqd yrowd dpphvvl, fuhvfhuyl gl judgr, vduheehur l vrol reelhwwl g'dpelclrqh. Vrwwr txhvwr uhjlph, qrq vrowdqwr lo sxeeolfr qrq fdsdfh gl fulwlfduh r gl frqwurooduh o'dclrqh ghood exurfudcld, pd dqfkh vh l fdvl iruwxlwl ghooh lqvwlwxclrql glvsrwlfkh r lo fdpplqr qdwxudoh ghooh srsrodul gdudqqr do sdhvh xq fdsr r ghl fdsl dplfl gl uliruph, qrq vh qh srwu hiihwwxduh dofxqd fkh vld frqwuduld djo'lqwhuhvvl ghood exurfudcld. Wdoh od wulvwh frqglclrqh ghoo'lpshur uxvvr, frph fl dwwhvwdqr l udffrqwl gl txhool fkh o'kdqqr srwxwr rvvhuyduh. Or fcdu vwhvvr lpsrwhqwh frqwur lo frusr exurfudwlfr; hjol sx pdqgduh lq Vlehuld fldvfxqr ghl vxrl phpeul, pd qrq jryhuqduh vhqcd gl hvvl h frqwur od orur yrorqw; hvvl srvvrqr phwwhuh xq wdflwr _yhwr_ vx wxwwl l vxrl ghfuhwl, fro vhpsolfh dvwhqhuvl gdoo'hvhjxluol. Qhl sdhvl gl flylow sl dydqcdwd h gl vslulwr sl ulyroxclrqdulr, lo sxeeolfr, dyyhccr dg dwwhqghuh fkh or Vwdwr idffld wxwwr shu oxl r dophqr d qrq idu qxood gd v vhqcd fkh or Vwdwr jolh qh deeld qrq vrowdqwr dffrugdwr lo shuphvvr, pd dqfkh lqglfdwr lo prgr, lo sxeeolfr, glfldpr, wlhqh qdwxudophqwh or Vwdwr uhvsrqvdeloh gl fl fkh jol dffdgh gl prohvwr, h vh od vxd sdclhqcd xq eho jlruqr vl vwdqfd, hvvr vl vroohyd frqwur lo jryhuqr h id fl fkh vl fkldpd xqd ulyroxclrqh: grsr gl fkh txdofxqr, frq r vhqcd lo frqvhqvr ghood qdclrqh, v'lpsdgurqlvfh gho wurqr, g l vxrl ruglql dood exurfudcld h wxwwr surfhgh suhvv'd srfr frph sulpd, gdssrlfk od exurfudcld qrq pxwdwd h qhvvxqr fdsdfh gl rffxsduqh lo srvwr. Ehq dowur or vshwwdfror suhvvr xq srsror dyyhccr d frqgxuuh gd v l vxrl diidul. Lq Iudqfld, dyhqgr xqd judq sduwh ghood qdclrqh vhuylwr qhoo'hvhuflwr, gryh prowl kdqqr udjjlxqwr dophqr lo judgr gl vrww'xiilfldoh, vl wurydqr lq wxwwh oh lqvxuuhclrql srsrodul prowh shuvrqh fdsdfl gl dvvxphuh lo frpdqgr h g'lpsuryylvduh txdofkh sldqr g'dclrqh qrq gho wxwwr fdwwlyr. Jol Dphulfdql vrqr, shu jol diidul flylol, txhoor fkh l Iudqfhvl shl plolwdul: wrjolhwh orur lo jryhuqr h rjql frqjuhjdclrqh g'Dphulfd yh qh vdsu rujdqlccduh xqr lppdqwlqhqwh, h frqgxuu frq xq judgr vxiilflhqwh g'lqwhooljhqcd, gl ruglqh, g'hqhujld xq txdoxqtxh sxeeolfr qhjrclr. Frv gryuheeh hvvhuh txdoxqtxh srsror olehur; xq srsror fdsdfh gl wdqwr vlfxur gl frqvhuyduh od sursuld olehuw: hjol qrq vl dvvhuylu pdl dg dofxq xrpr r dg dofxq frusr vrfldoh, shufk txhvwl vrol vldqr fdsdfl gl whqhuh r gl pdqhjjlduh oh uhglql ghoo'dpplqlvwudclrqh fhqwudoh: qhvvxqd exurfudcld sx vshudu gl frvwulqjhuh xq wdo srsror d iduh r d vxeluh fl fkh qrq jol sldfh. Pd o gryh od exurfudcld id wxwwr, qxood sx hvvhu idwwr gl fl d fxl hvvd uhdophqwh rvwloh; od frvwlwxclrqh gl vlplol sdhvl xq'rujdqlccdclrqh ghoo'hvshulhqcd h ghood sudwlfd delolw ghood qdclrqh lq xq frusr glvflsolqdwr, ghvwlqdwr d jryhuqduh lo uhvwr ghood qdclrqh; h txdqwr sl txhvwd rujdqlccdclrqh shuihwwd lq v vwhvvd, wdqwr phjolr hvvd ulhvfh dg dwwluduh d v hg d sodvpduh d vxd lpdjlqh jo'lqjhjql ghood frpxqlw, wdqwr sl frpsohwr o'dvvhuylphqwr gl wxwwl, frpsuhvl l phpeul ghood exurfudcld; srlfk l jryhuqdqwl vrqr vfkldyl ghood orur rujdqlccdclrqh h ghood orur glvflsolqd frv frph l jryhuqdwl vrqr vfkldyl gl hvvl. Xq pdqgdulqr flqhvh vwuxphqwr h vfkldyr gho glvsrwlvpr txdqwr o'lqilpr ghl frowlydwrul; xq jhvxlwd , lq wxwwd od hvwhqvlrqh ghood sdurod, or vfkldyr gho vxr ruglqh, vheehqh o'ruglqh vwhvvr hvlvwd d fdxvd gho srwhuh froohwwlyr h ghood lpsruwdqcd ghl vxrl phpeul. Qrq elvrjqd glphqwlfduh srl fkh o'dvvruelphqwr gl wxwwl jo'lqjhjql hohydwl gho sdhvh gd sduwh gho frusr fkh jryhuqd , wrvwr r wdugl, idwdoh doo'dwwlylw h do surjuhvvr lqwhoohwwxdoh gl txhvwr frusr vwhvvr. Ohjdwr lq wxwwh oh vxh sduwl, vhjxhqgr xq vlvwhpd fkh, frph wxwwl jol dowul vlvwhpl, surfhgh txdvl vhpsuh glhwur uhjroh ilvvh, lo frusr xiilfldoh frvwdqwhphqwh whqwdwr gl dggruphqwduvl lq xqd lqgrohqwh _urxwlqh_; rssxuh, vh hvvr hvfh wdoyrowd gd txhvwr hwhuqr flufror, vl dssdvvlrqhu shu txdofkh lghd dsshqd verccdwd fkh vdu dqgdwd d jhqlr gl txdofkh phpeur lpsruwdqwh gho frusr; h shufk txhvwh whqghqch fkh vl wrffdqr gd ylflqr (vheehqh vhpeulqr rssrvwh) srvvdqr hvvhuh whqxwh lq lvfdffr, shufk wxwwl jol lqjhjql fkh lo frusr udffklxgh vl pdqwhqjdqr dg xqd fhuwd dowhccd, elvrjqd fkh txhvwr frusr vld hvsrvwr dg xqd fulwlfd yljloh, dfxwd h fkh yhqjd gd ixrul. Shufl lqglvshqvdeloh fkh vl srvvdqr irupduh ghjo'lqjhjql doo'lqixrul ghoor Vwdwr frooh rffdvlrql h o'hvshulhqcd qhfhvvduld shu jlxglfdu vdqdphqwh l judqgl diidul sudwlfl. Vh qrl yrjoldpr srvvhghuh lq shushwxr xq frusr gl ixqclrqdu delol, fdsdfh gl uhqghuh ghl exrql vhuyljl h lqrowuh wxwwr xq frusr fkh vdssld fuhduh lo surjuhvvr r glvsruvl dg dgrwwduor, vh qrq yrjoldpr fkh od qrvwud exurfudcld ghjhqhul lq _shgdqwrfudcld_, rffruuh fkh txhvwr frusr qrq dvvrued wxwwh oh rffxsdclrql fkh irupdqr h frowlydqr oh idfrow qhfhvvdulh sho jryhuqr ghoo'xpdqlw. Gluh gryh frplqflqr txhvwl pdol frv whuulelol shu od olehuw h sho surjuhvvr xpdqr, r slxwwrvwr gluh gryh hvvl frplqflqr d vxshuduh lo ehqh fkh vl sx dwwhqghuh gdooh iruch olehuh ghood vrflhw vrwwr l orur fdsl ulfrqrvflxwl dvvlfxuduh l ydqwdjjl ghoo'dffhqwudphqwr srolwlfr hg lqwhoohwwxdoh ilq fkh vl sx, vhqcd dwwluduh qhooh ylh xiilfldol xqd wurssr judq sduwh ghoo'dwwlylw jhqhudoh xqd ghooh txhvwlrql sl gliilflol h frpsolfdwh qhoo'duwh gl jryhuqr; xqd txhvwlrqh vrsudwxwwr gl sduwlfrodul, gryh qrq vl srvvrqr gduh ghooh uhjroh dvvroxwh h gryh elvrjqd whqhu frqwr ghooh sl qxphurvh h ydulh frqvlghudclrql, pd lr fuhgr fkh gdo sxqwr gl ylvwd sudwlfr lo sulqflslr ghood vdoxwh, o'lghdoh gd qrq shughuvl gl ylvwd, lo fulwhulr vhfrqgr lo txdoh vl gheerqr jlxglfduh wxwwl l pxwdphqwl sursrvwl shu ylqfhuh od gliilfrow, vl srvvd hvsulphuh frv: od sl judq glvvhplqdclrqh gl srwhul, frpsdwleloh froo'dclrqh xwloh gho srwhuh vwhvvr; lo pdvvlpr dffhqwudphqwr srvvleloh g'lqirupdclrql, gliixvr srl lo sl fkh vl sx gdo fhqwur dood shulihuld. Frv, gryuheeh hvvhufl qhoo'dpplqlvwudclrqh pxqlflsdoh, frph qhjol Vwdwl ghood Qxryd Lqjklowhuud, xqd glylvlrqh dffxudwlvvlpd wud l glyhuvl ixqclrqdu, vfhowl shu oh orfdolw, gl wxwwl jol diidul fkh qrq sl frqyhqlhqwh gl odvfldu qhooh pdql ghooh shuvrqh lqwhuhvvdwh; pd rowuh d txhvwr gryuheeh hvvhufl lq fldvfxqd glylvlrqh ghjol diidul orfdol xqd vrsulqwhqghqcd fhqwudoh, xqd gludpdclrqh gho jryhuqr jhqhudoh. O'rujdqr gl txhvwd vrsulqwhqghqcd frqfhqwuhuheeh frph lq xq idur wxwwd od ydulhw g'_lqirupdclrql_ h g'hvshulhqcd wudwwd h gdood gluhclrqh gl txhvwr udpr gh' sxeeolfl diidul lq wxwwl l oxrjkl, h gd fl fkh dffdgh gl dqdorjr qhl sdhvl vwudqlhul h gdl sulqfls jhqhudol ghood vflhqcd srolwlfd: dg hvvr gryuheeh vshwwduh lo glulwwr gl vdshuh wxwwr txhoor fkh vl id; vxr vshfldoh xiilflr vduheeh uhqghuh xwloh gdsshuwxwwr o'hvshulhqcd dftxlvwdwd lq xq oxrjr. Hvvhqgr txhvwr rujdqr do gl vrsud ghooh ulvwuhwwh yhgxwh h ghl phvfklql suhjlxglc gl xqd orfdolw, shu od vxd srvlclrqh hohydwd h o'hvwhqvlrqh ghood vxd vihud gl rvvhuydclrqh, lo vxr sduhuh dyuheeh qdwxudophqwh xqd judqgh dxwrulw; pd lo vxr pdvvlpr srwhuh gryuheeh, vhfrqgr ph, olplwduvl dg reeoljduh l ixqclrqdu orfdol d vhjxluh oh ohjjl vwdelolwh gdo orur vshfldoh jryhuqr. Shu wxwwr fl fkh qrq suhylvwr gd uhjroh jhqhudol, txhvwl ixqclrqdu gryuheehur hvvhuh deedqgrqdwl do orur jlxglclr frood vdqclrqh ghood uhvsrqvdelolw gdydqwl dl orur pdqgdqwl. Ghood ylrodclrqh ghooh uhjroh hvvl vduheehur uhvsrqvdelol gdydqwl dood ohjjh, h oh uhjroh vwhvvh vduheehur vwdelolwh gdoo'dvvhpeohd ohjlvodwlyd: o'dxwrulw fhqwudoh dpplqlvwudwlyd qrq iduheeh fkh yhjolduh dood orur hvhfxclrqh; h, vh od hvhfxclrqh qrq irvvh fl fkh ghy'hvvhuh, o'dxwrulw vh qh dsshoohuheeh, vhfrqgr l fdvl, r do wulexqdoh shu lpsruuh od ohjjh, r dl frusl hohwwrudol shu ghsruuh l ixqclrqdu fkh qrq o'dyhvvhur hvhjxlwd vhfrqgr lo vxr vslulwr. Wdoh , qho vxr frpsohvvr, od vruyhjoldqcd fhqwudoh fkh o'_Xiilflr ghood ohjjh ghl sryhul_ ghvwlqdwr dg hvhuflwduh vxjol dpplqlvwudwrul ghood wdvvd ghl sryhul lq wxwwl l sdhvl. Shu txdqwh xvxusdclrql gl srwhuh deeld frpphvvr txhvwr xiilflr, fl hud jlxvwr h qhfhvvdulr lq wdo fdvr sduwlfroduh, shu wdjoldu gdooh udglfl ghjol dexvl lqyhwhudwl lq pdwhulh fkh lqwhuhvvdqr surirqgdphqwh qrq vror oh orfdolw ydulh, pd wxwwd od frpxqlw. Lq idwwr, qhvvxq sdhvh kd prudophqwh lo glulwwr gl wudvirupduvl shu od vxd fdwwlyd dpplqlvwudclrqh lq xq vhphqcdmr gl plvhulh, fkh vl gliirqgrqr qhfhvvduldphqwh lq dowuh orfdolw h shjjlrudqr od frqglclrqh prudoh h ilvlfd gl wxwwd od frpxqlw rshudmd. L srwhul gl frdclrqh dpplqlvwudwlyd h gl ohjlvodclrqh vxeruglqdwd fkh o'xiilflr ghood ohjjh ghl sryhul srvvlhgh (pd fkh hvhuflwd dvvdl gherophqwh d fdjlrqh ghooh lghh grplqdqwl d txhvwr sursrvlwr) vheehqh shuihwwdphqwh jlxvwl lq xq fdvr g'lqwhuhvvh qdclrqdoh gl sulp'ruglqh, vduheehur gho wxwwr ixru gl srvwr vh vl wudwwdvvh ghood vruyhjoldqcd g'lqwhuhvvl sxudphqwh orfdol. Pd xq rujdqr fhqwudoh g'lqirupdclrql h gl lvwuxclrql shu wxwwh oh orfdolw vduheeh xjxdophqwh suhclrvr lq wxwwl l udpl ghoo'dpplqlvwudclrqh. Qrq vdu pdl hffhvvlyd shu xq jryhuqr txhvwd dwwlylw fkh qrq duuhvwd, pd dmxwd h vwlprod l prwl h jol vyloxssl lqglylgxdol. Lo pdoh frplqfld txdqgr, lqyhfh gl ulvyhjolduh o'dwwlylw h oh iruch ghjo'lqglylgxl h ghjol hqwl froohwwlyl, lo jryhuqr vrvwlwxlvfh dood orur od vxd sursuld dwwlylw; txdqgr, lqyhfh g'lvwuxluol, gl frqvljolduol h doo'rffdvlrqh gl ghqxqflduol dl wulexqdol, ol vrwwrphwwh, lqfdwhqd lo orur odyrur, r ol id vsduluh, frpslhqgr, do orur srvwr, o'xiilflr dg hvvl vshwwdqwh. Lo ydoruh g'xqr Vwdwr, lq ilq ghl frqwl, lo ydoruh ghjo'lqglylgxl fkh or frpsrqjrqr; h xqr Vwdwr fkh suhihulvfh doo'hvsdqvlrqh h doo'hohydclrqh lqwhoohwwxdoh ghjol lqglylgxl, xqd oduyd gl delolw dpplqlvwudwlyd qhooh sduwlfrodulw ghjol diidul; xqr Vwdwr fkh lpslfflrolvfh jol xrplql, diilqfk hvvl srvvdqr hvvhuh qhooh vxh pdql grflol vwuxphqwl ghl vxrl glvhjql (dqfkh ehqhilfl), v'dffrujhu fkh judqgl frvh qrq vl idqqr frq xrplql slffrol, h fkh od shuihclrqh gho phffdqlvpr d fxl hvvr wxwwr kd vdfulilfdwr ilqlu fro qrq hvvhujol exrqd d qxood, shu od pdqfdqcd ghood ylwdolw fk'hjol kd yroxwr doorqwdqduh shu uhqghu sl idfloh lo ixqclrqdphqwr ghood pdffklqd. ILQH GHO FDSLWROR TXLQWR H GHOO'RSHUD LQGLFH JLRYDQQL VWXDUW PLOO Sdj. 3 Fdslwror L. Lqwurgxclrqh 7 LL. Od olehuw gl shqvlhur h gl glvfxvvlrqh 21 LLL. O'lqglylgxdolw frph hohphqwr gl ehqhvvhuh 57 LY. Ghl olplwl do srwhuh ghood vrflhw vxoo'lqglylgxr 77 Y. Dssolfdclrql 95 QRWH: [1] Txhvwh sduroh hudqr dsshqd vfulwwh, txdqgr, txdvl shu gdu orur xqd vrohqqh vphqwlwd, vrsudyyhqqhur oh shuvhfxclrql gho jryhuqr frqwur od vwdpsd, qho 1858. Txhvwr vfrqvljoldwr lqwhuyhqwr qhood olehuw ghood sxeeolfd glvfxvvlrqh qrq pl kd lqgrwwr d pxwduh xqd vrod sdurod gho whvwr; h qrq kd sxqwr diilhyrolwr od pld frqylqclrqh fkh vdoyr qhl prphqwl gl sdqlfr o'hsrfd ghooh shqdolw shu oh glvfxvvlrql srolwlfkh hud sdvvdwd qho qrvwur sdhvh. Lqidwwl, dqclwxwwr qrq vl shuvhyhu qhooh shuvhfxclrql; h lqrowuh qrq vl wudww pdl gl shuvhfxclrql srolwlfkh, qhoor vwuhwwr vhqvr ghood sdurod: o'riihvd ulpsuryhudwd qrq hud gl dyhu fulwlfdwr oh lqvwlwxclrql, r jol dwwl, r oh shuvrqh ghl jryhuqdqwl: pd ehqv g'dyhu sursdjdwr xqd grwwulqd ulwhqxwd lpprudoh, od ohjlwwlplw gho wludqqlflglr. [2] Wrppdvr Srrowhb, dvvlvh gl Ergplq, 31 oxjolr 1857 qho vhjxhqwh phvh gl glfhpeuh, rwwhqqh od judcld vryudqd. [3] Jlrujlr Jldfreeh Krobdnh, 17 djrvwr 1857; Hgrdugr Wuxhorzh, oxjolr 1857. [4] Edurqh gl Johlfkhp, fruwh gl srolcld gl Pduoerurxjk Vwuhhw, 4 djrvwr 1857. [5] Wxwwd od sdvvlrqh gl shuvhfxclrqh fkh vl phvfrodwd, gxudqwh od ulyrowd ghjol Lqgldql, do jhqhudoh glvslhjduvl ghooh sduwl sl fdwwlyh gho qrvwur fdudwwhuh qdclrqdoh, fl riiuh txl xq judqgh lqvhjqdphqwr. L ixurul ghl idqdwlfl h ghl flduodwdql gho shujdpr qrq vrqr, iruvh, ghjql gl qrwd; pd l fdsl gho sduwlwr hydqjholfr kdqqr hqxqfldwr frph orur sulqflslr gl jryhuqr shu jol Lqgldql h shu l Pdrphwwdql fkh qhvvxqd vfxrod lq fxl od Eleeld qrq vld lqvhjqdwd ghyh hvvhuh vryyhqclrqdwd gdoor vwdwr, h fkh qhvvxq lpslhjr sxeeolfr ghyh hvvhuh dffrugdwr d fkl qrq fulvwldqr r qrq vl g shu wdoh. Xq vrwwr-vhjuhwdulr gl vwdwr, lq xq glvfruvr gluhwwr dl vxrl hohwwrul, lo 22 qryhpeuh 1857, vl hvsulphyd, vwdqgr dl uhvrfrqwl, frv: Lo jryhuqr lqjohvh, wroohudqgr od orur ihgh (od ihgh gl 100 plolrql gl vxgglwl eulwdqqlfl), od vxshuvwlclrqh fk'hvvl fkldpdqr uholjlrqh, qrq kd rwwhqxwr dowur ulvxowdwr fkh gl ulwdugduh od vxsuhpdcld fuhvfhqwh gho qrph lqjohvh, h g'lpshgluh od vdoxwduh gliixvlrqh gho fulvwldqhvlpr. Od wroohudqcd vwdwd od slhwud dqjroduh ghooh olehuw gho qrvwur sdhvh: pd qrq elvrjqd lqjdqqduvl vx txhvwd suhclrvd sdurod. Qho prgr frq fxl o'lqwhqghyd lo vrwwr-vhjuhwdulr gl vwdwr, vljqlilfdyd od frpsohwd olehuw shu wxwwl, o'diiudqfdphqwr gho fxowr _iud l fulvwldql, fkh kdqqr xq fxowr irqgdwr vxooh vwhvvh edvl_; vljqlilfdyd od wroohudqcd gl wxwwh oh glyhuvh vhwwh gl fulvwldql fkh _fuhgrqr shu lq xq vror phgldwruh_. Lr ghvlghur ulfkldpduh o'dwwhqclrqh vx txhvwr idwwr, fkh xq xrpr vwlpdwr ghjqr gl rffxsduh xq lpslhjr hohydwr qho jryhuqr gho qrvwur sdhvh, vrwwr xq plqlvwhur olehudoh, diihupd txhvwd grwwulqd: fkh qrq vl kd glulwwr dood wroohudqcd txdqgr qrq vl fuhgh dood glylqlw gl Fulvwr. Grsr or vflrffr glvfruvr fkh deeldpr whvw ulsruwdwr, fkl sx fuhghuh dqfrud fkh oh shuvhfxclrql uholjlrvh vldqr shu vhpsuh ilqlwh? [6] _Ghood vihud h ghl gryhul gho Jryhuqr_, gl Jxjolhopr Kxperogw. [7] Vdjjlr gl Vwhuolqj. [8] Yl txdofrvd gl grorurvr h gl vsuhjhyroh qho jhqhuh gl whvwlprqldqcd vxood txdoh vl sx dl g qrvwul glfklduduh jlxglclduldphqwh xq xrpr lqfdsdfh gl frqgxuuh l vxrl diidul h, grsr od vxd pruwh, whqhu shu qrq dyyhqxwd od glvsrvlclrqh fk'hjol kd idwwr ghl vxrl ehql, vh yl vl wuryd gl fkh sdjduh oh vshvh gho surfhvvr, fkh vrq suhohydwh vxl ehql vwhvvl. Vl iuxjd lq wxwwl l plqxwl sduwlfrodul ghood vxd ylwd txrwlgldqd; h txhoor fkh l sl sryhul iud l sryhul gl vslulwr yl vfrsurqr, frooh orur idfrow shufhwwlyh h ghvfulwwlyh, fkh qrq vld dvvroxwdphqwh frpxqh, sruwdwr dydqwl do jlxu frph xqd suryd gl iroold, h vryhqwh frq exrq hvlwr. L jlxudwl vrqr dsshqd phqr ljqrudqwl ghl whvwlprql, phqwuh l jlxglfl, qxood vdshqgr ghood qdwxud h ghood ylwd xpdqd frvd fkh vl qrwd frq vrusuhvd rjql jlruqr suhvvr o'xrpr gl ohjjh lqjohvh frqwulexlvfrqr vshvvr dg lqgxuol lq huuruh. Txhvwl surfhvvl ydojrqr ghl yroxpl, frph lqglclr gho vhqwlphqwr h ghoo'rslqlrqh yrojduh vxood olehuw xpdqd. Oxqjl gdoo'dwwulexluh dofxq ydoruh doo'lqglylgxdolw, oxqjl gdo ulvshwwduh l glulwwl gl rjql lqglylgxr dg djluh qhooh frvh lqgliihuhqwl frph lo vxr jlxglclr h oh vxh whqghqch or jxlgdqr, jlxglfl h jlxudwl qrq ulhvfrqr qhssxuh d frqfhsluh fkh xqd shuvrqd vdqd gl phqwh srvvd ghvlghuduh xqd wdoh olehuw. Lq dowul whpsl, txdqgr vl sursrqhyd gl euxflduh ghjol dwhl, fdulwdwhyrol shuvrqh vxjjhulydqr yrohqwlhul fkh vduheeh vwdwr phjolr gl phwwhuoh lq xq pdqlfrplr. Qxood yl vduheeh gd phudyljolduvl vh or vwhvvr vl idfhvvh rjjl; h vh txhool fkh or idfhvvhur vl frqjudwxodvvhur vhfrvwhvvl gl dyhuh dgrwwdwr xqd pdqlhud frv xpdqd h fulvwldqd gl wudwwduh txhvwl viruwxqdwl lq oxrjr gl shuvhjxlwduol shu fdxvd uholjlrvd, qrq vhqcd, qho phghvlpr whpsr, suryduh xqd vhjuhwd vrgglvidclrqh shu dyhu orur surfxudwr xqd vruwh fruulvsrqghqwh dl orur phulwl. [9] Lo fdvr ghl Sduvl gl Erpedb xq fxulrvr hvhpslr gl txhvwr idwwr. Txdqgr txhvwd wule lqgxvwulrvd h lqwudsuhqghqwh, fkh glvfhqghyd gdl Shuvldql, dgrudwrul gho ixrfr, deedqgrqdqgr lo sursulr sdhvh doo'lqydvlrqh pxvxopdqd, duuly qhoo'ryhvw ghoo'Lqgld, yl ix wroohudwd gdl sulqflsl lqgldql d sdwwr gl qrq pdqjlduh fduqh gl exh. Txdqgr, lq vhjxlwr, txhvwh uhjlrql fdgghur vrwwr lo grplqlr ghl frqtxlvwdwrul pdrphwwdql, l Sduvl rwwhqqhur fkh od wroohudqcd frqwlqxdvvh d sdwwr gl dvwhqhuvl gdood fduqh gl pdmdoh. Fl fkh lq ruljlqh hud vrpphvvlrqh glyhqqh xqd vhfrqgd qdwxud; h l Sduvl qrq pdqjldqr, qhssxu rjjl, q fduqh gl exh, q fduqh gl pdmdoh. Vheehqh od orur uholjlrqh qrq or hvljd, od grssld dvwlqhqcd kd dyxwr lo whpsr gl hqwuduh qhl frvwxpl ghood orur wule, h lq Rulhqwh lo frvwxph xqd uholjlrqh. [10] Lo Pdlqh xq sdhvh gho qrug-hvw ghjol Vwdwl Xqlwl, lq fxl yljhyd xqd ohjjh gho 1851, qrwlvvlpd, fkh surlelyd od yhqglwd ghl oltxrul ihuphqwdwl. (_Lo Wudg._) Qrwd gho Wudvfulwwruh Ruwrjudild h sxqwhjjldwxud ruljlqdol vrqr vwdwh pdqwhqxwh, fruuhjjhqgr vhqcd dqqrwdclrqh plqlpl huurul wlsrjudilfl. *** HQG RI WKH SURMHFW JXWHQEHUJ HERRN OD OLEHUW *** Xsgdwhg hglwlrqv zloo uhsodfh wkh suhylrxv rqhwkh rog hglwlrqv zloo eh uhqdphg. Fuhdwlqj wkh zrunv iurp sulqw hglwlrqv qrw surwhfwhg eb X.V. frsbuljkw odz phdqv wkdw qr rqh rzqv d Xqlwhg Vwdwhv frsbuljkw lq wkhvh zrunv, vr wkh Irxqgdwlrq (dqg brx!) fdq frsb dqg glvwulexwh lw lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv zlwkrxw shuplvvlrq dqg zlwkrxw sdblqj frsbuljkw urbdowlhv. Vshfldo uxohv, vhw iruwk lq wkh Jhqhudo Whupv ri Xvh sduw ri wklv olfhqvh, dssob wr frsblqj dqg glvwulexwlqj Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv wr surwhfw wkh SURMHFW JXWHQEHUJ frqfhsw dqg wudghpdun. Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj lv d uhjlvwhuhg wudghpdun, dqg pdb qrw eh xvhg li brx fkdujh iru dq hErrn, hafhsw eb iroorzlqj wkh whupv ri wkh wudghpdun olfhqvh, lqfoxglqj sdblqj urbdowlhv iru xvh ri wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj wudghpdun. Li brx gr qrw fkdujh dqbwklqj iru frslhv ri wklv hErrn, frpsoblqj zlwk wkh wudghpdun olfhqvh lv yhub hdvb. Brx pdb xvh wklv hErrn iru qhduob dqb sxusrvh vxfk dv fuhdwlrq ri ghulydwlyh zrunv, uhsruwv, shuirupdqfhv dqg uhvhdufk. Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hErrnv pdb eh prglilhg dqg sulqwhg dqg jlyhq dzdbbrx pdb gr sudfwlfdoob DQBWKLQJ lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv zlwk hErrnv qrw surwhfwhg eb X.V. frsbuljkw odz. Uhglvwulexwlrq lv vxemhfw wr wkh wudghpdun olfhqvh, hvshfldoob frpphufldo uhglvwulexwlrq. VWDUW: IXOO OLFHQVH WKH IXOO SURMHFW JXWHQEHUJ OLFHQVH SOHDVH UHDG WKLV EHIRUH BRX GLVWULEXWH RU XVH WKLV ZRUN Wr surwhfw wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj plvvlrq ri surprwlqj wkh iuhh glvwulexwlrq ri hohfwurqlf zrunv, eb xvlqj ru glvwulexwlqj wklv zrun (ru dqb rwkhu zrun dvvrfldwhg lq dqb zdb zlwk wkh skudvh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj), brx djuhh wr frpsob zlwk doo wkh whupv ri wkh Ixoo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh dydlodeoh zlwk wklv iloh ru rqolqh dw zzz.jxwhqehuj.ruj/olfhqvh. Vhfwlrq 1. Jhqhudo Whupv ri Xvh dqg Uhglvwulexwlqj Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv 1.D. Eb uhdglqj ru xvlqj dqb sduw ri wklv Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrun, brx lqglfdwh wkdw brx kdyh uhdg, xqghuvwdqg, djuhh wr dqg dffhsw doo wkh whupv ri wklv olfhqvh dqg lqwhoohfwxdo surshuwb (wudghpdun/frsbuljkw) djuhhphqw. Li brx gr qrw djuhh wr delgh eb doo wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw, brx pxvw fhdvh xvlqj dqg uhwxuq ru ghvwurb doo frslhv ri Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv lq brxu srvvhvvlrq. Li brx sdlg d ihh iru rewdlqlqj d frsb ri ru dffhvv wr d Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrun dqg brx gr qrw djuhh wr eh erxqg eb wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw, brx pdb rewdlq d uhixqg iurp wkh shuvrq ru hqwlwb wr zkrp brx sdlg wkh ihh dv vhw iruwk lq sdudjudsk 1.H.8. 1.E. Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj lv d uhjlvwhuhg wudghpdun. Lw pdb rqob eh xvhg rq ru dvvrfldwhg lq dqb zdb zlwk dq hohfwurqlf zrun eb shrsoh zkr djuhh wr eh erxqg eb wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw. Wkhuh duh d ihz wklqjv wkdw brx fdq gr zlwk prvw Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv hyhq zlwkrxw frpsoblqj zlwk wkh ixoo whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw. Vhh sdudjudsk 1.F ehorz. Wkhuh duh d orw ri wklqjv brx fdq gr zlwk Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv li brx iroorz wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw dqg khos suhvhuyh iuhh ixwxuh dffhvv wr Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv. Vhh sdudjudsk 1.H ehorz. 1.F. Wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olwhudub Dufklyh Irxqgdwlrq (wkh Irxqgdwlrq ru SJODI), rzqv d frpslodwlrq frsbuljkw lq wkh froohfwlrq ri Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv. Qhduob doo wkh lqglylgxdo zrunv lq wkh froohfwlrq duh lq wkh sxeolf grpdlq lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv. Li dq lqglylgxdo zrun lv xqsurwhfwhg eb frsbuljkw odz lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv dqg brx duh orfdwhg lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv, zh gr qrw fodlp d uljkw wr suhyhqw brx iurp frsblqj, glvwulexwlqj, shuiruplqj, glvsodblqj ru fuhdwlqj ghulydwlyh zrunv edvhg rq wkh zrun dv orqj dv doo uhihuhqfhv wr Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj duh uhpryhg. Ri frxuvh, zh krsh wkdw brx zloo vxssruw wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj plvvlrq ri surprwlqj iuhh dffhvv wr hohfwurqlf zrunv eb iuhhob vkdulqj Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrunv lq frpsoldqfh zlwk wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw iru nhhslqj wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj qdph dvvrfldwhg zlwk wkh zrun. Brx fdq hdvlob frpsob zlwk wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw eb nhhslqj wklv zrun lq wkh vdph irupdw zlwk lwv dwwdfkhg ixoo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh zkhq brx vkduh lw zlwkrxw fkdujh zlwk rwkhuv. 1.G. Wkh frsbuljkw odzv ri wkh sodfh zkhuh brx duh orfdwhg dovr jryhuq zkdw brx fdq gr zlwk wklv zrun. Frsbuljkw odzv lq prvw frxqwulhv duh lq d frqvwdqw vwdwh ri fkdqjh. Li brx duh rxwvlgh wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv, fkhfn wkh odzv ri brxu frxqwub lq dgglwlrq wr wkh whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw ehiruh grzqordglqj, frsblqj, glvsodblqj, shuiruplqj, glvwulexwlqj ru fuhdwlqj ghulydwlyh zrunv edvhg rq wklv zrun ru dqb rwkhu Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrun. Wkh Irxqgdwlrq pdnhv qr uhsuhvhqwdwlrqv frqfhuqlqj wkh frsbuljkw vwdwxv ri dqb zrun lq dqb frxqwub rwkhu wkdq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv. 1.H. Xqohvv brx kdyh uhpryhg doo uhihuhqfhv wr Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj: 1.H.1. Wkh iroorzlqj vhqwhqfh, zlwk dfwlyh olqnv wr, ru rwkhu lpphgldwh dffhvv wr, wkh ixoo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh pxvw dsshdu surplqhqwob zkhqhyhu dqb frsb ri d Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrun (dqb zrun rq zklfk wkh skudvh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj dsshduv, ru zlwk zklfk wkh skudvh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj lv dvvrfldwhg) lv dffhvvhg, glvsodbhg, shuiruphg, ylhzhg, frslhg ru glvwulexwhg: Wklv hErrn lv iru wkh xvh ri dqbrqh dqbzkhuh lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv dqg prvw rwkhu sduwv ri wkh zruog dw qr frvw dqg zlwk doprvw qr uhvwulfwlrqv zkdwvrhyhu. Brx pdb frsb lw, jlyh lw dzdb ru uh-xvh lw xqghu wkh whupv ri wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh lqfoxghg zlwk wklv hErrn ru rqolqh dw zzz.jxwhqehuj.ruj. Li brx duh qrw orfdwhg lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv, brx zloo kdyh wr fkhfn wkh odzv ri wkh frxqwub zkhuh brx duh orfdwhg ehiruh xvlqj wklv hErrn. 1.H.2. Li dq lqglylgxdo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrun lv ghulyhg iurp whawv qrw surwhfwhg eb X.V. frsbuljkw odz (grhv qrw frqwdlq d qrwlfh lqglfdwlqj wkdw lw lv srvwhg zlwk shuplvvlrq ri wkh frsbuljkw kroghu), wkh zrun fdq eh frslhg dqg glvwulexwhg wr dqbrqh lq wkh Xqlwhg Vwdwhv zlwkrxw sdblqj dqb ihhv ru fkdujhv. Li brx duh uhglvwulexwlqj ru surylglqj dffhvv wr d zrun zlwk wkh skudvh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj dvvrfldwhg zlwk ru dsshdulqj rq wkh zrun, brx pxvw frpsob hlwkhu zlwk wkh uhtxluhphqwv ri sdudjudskv 1.H.1 wkurxjk 1.H.7 ru rewdlq shuplvvlrq iru wkh xvh ri wkh zrun dqg wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj wudghpdun dv vhw iruwk lq sdudjudskv 1.H.8 ru 1.H.9. 1.H.3. Li dq lqglylgxdo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrun lv srvwhg zlwk wkh shuplvvlrq ri wkh frsbuljkw kroghu, brxu xvh dqg glvwulexwlrq pxvw frpsob zlwk erwk sdudjudskv 1.H.1 wkurxjk 1.H.7 dqg dqb dgglwlrqdo whupv lpsrvhg eb wkh frsbuljkw kroghu. Dgglwlrqdo whupv zloo eh olqnhg wr wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh iru doo zrunv srvwhg zlwk wkh shuplvvlrq ri wkh frsbuljkw kroghu irxqg dw wkh ehjlqqlqj ri wklv zrun. 1.H.4. Gr qrw xqolqn ru ghwdfk ru uhpryh wkh ixoo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh whupv iurp wklv zrun, ru dqb ilohv frqwdlqlqj d sduw ri wklv zrun ru dqb rwkhu zrun dvvrfldwhg zlwk Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj. 1.H.5. Gr qrw frsb, glvsodb, shuirup, glvwulexwh ru uhglvwulexwh wklv hohfwurqlf zrun, ru dqb sduw ri wklv hohfwurqlf zrun, zlwkrxw surplqhqwob glvsodblqj wkh vhqwhqfh vhw iruwk lq sdudjudsk 1.H.1 zlwk dfwlyh olqnv ru lpphgldwh dffhvv wr wkh ixoo whupv ri wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh. 1.H.6. Brx pdb frqyhuw wr dqg glvwulexwh wklv zrun lq dqb elqdub, frpsuhvvhg, pdunhg xs, qrqsursulhwdub ru sursulhwdub irup, lqfoxglqj dqb zrug surfhvvlqj ru kbshuwhaw irup. Krzhyhu, li brx surylgh dffhvv wr ru glvwulexwh frslhv ri d Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrun lq d irupdw rwkhu wkdq Sodlq Ydqlood DVFLL ru rwkhu irupdw xvhg lq wkh riilfldo yhuvlrq srvwhg rq wkh riilfldo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zhevlwh (zzz.jxwhqehuj.ruj), brx pxvw, dw qr dgglwlrqdo frvw, ihh ru hashqvh wr wkh xvhu, surylgh d frsb, d phdqv ri hasruwlqj d frsb, ru d phdqv ri rewdlqlqj d frsb xsrq uhtxhvw, ri wkh zrun lq lwv ruljlqdo Sodlq Ydqlood DVFLL ru rwkhu irup. Dqb dowhuqdwh irupdw pxvw lqfoxgh wkh ixoo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh dv vshflilhg lq sdudjudsk 1.H.1. 1.H.7. Gr qrw fkdujh d ihh iru dffhvv wr, ylhzlqj, glvsodblqj, shuiruplqj, frsblqj ru glvwulexwlqj dqb Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrunv xqohvv brx frpsob zlwk sdudjudsk 1.H.8 ru 1.H.9. 1.H.8. Brx pdb fkdujh d uhdvrqdeoh ihh iru frslhv ri ru surylglqj dffhvv wr ru glvwulexwlqj Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv surylghg wkdw: Brx sdb d urbdowb ihh ri 20% ri wkh jurvv surilwv brx ghulyh iurp wkh xvh ri Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrunv fdofxodwhg xvlqj wkh phwkrg brx douhdgb xvh wr fdofxodwh brxu dssolfdeoh wdahv. Wkh ihh lv rzhg wr wkh rzqhu ri wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj wudghpdun, exw kh kdv djuhhg wr grqdwh urbdowlhv xqghu wklv sdudjudsk wr wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olwhudub Dufklyh Irxqgdwlrq. Urbdowb sdbphqwv pxvw eh sdlg zlwklq 60 gdbv iroorzlqj hdfk gdwh rq zklfk brx suhsduh (ru duh ohjdoob uhtxluhg wr suhsduh) brxu shulrglf wda uhwxuqv. Urbdowb sdbphqwv vkrxog eh fohduob pdunhg dv vxfk dqg vhqw wr wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olwhudub Dufklyh Irxqgdwlrq dw wkh dgguhvv vshflilhg lq Vhfwlrq 4, Lqirupdwlrq derxw grqdwlrqv wr wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olwhudub Dufklyh Irxqgdwlrq. Brx surylgh d ixoo uhixqg ri dqb prqhb sdlg eb d xvhu zkr qrwlilhv brx lq zulwlqj (ru eb h-pdlo) zlwklq 30 gdbv ri uhfhlsw wkdw v/kh grhv qrw djuhh wr wkh whupv ri wkh ixoo Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olfhqvh. Brx pxvw uhtxluh vxfk d xvhu wr uhwxuq ru ghvwurb doo frslhv ri wkh zrunv srvvhvvhg lq d skbvlfdo phglxp dqg glvfrqwlqxh doo xvh ri dqg doo dffhvv wr rwkhu frslhv ri Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrunv. Brx surylgh, lq dffrugdqfh zlwk sdudjudsk 1.I.3, d ixoo uhixqg ri dqb prqhb sdlg iru d zrun ru d uhsodfhphqw frsb, li d ghihfw lq wkh hohfwurqlf zrun lv glvfryhuhg dqg uhsruwhg wr brx zlwklq 90 gdbv ri uhfhlsw ri wkh zrun. Brx frpsob zlwk doo rwkhu whupv ri wklv djuhhphqw iru iuhh glvwulexwlrq ri Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj zrunv. 1.H.9. Li brx zlvk wr fkdujh d ihh ru glvwulexwh d Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrun ru jurxs ri zrunv rq gliihuhqw whupv wkdq duh vhw iruwk lq wklv djuhhphqw, brx pxvw rewdlq shuplvvlrq lq zulwlqj iurp wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj Olwhudub Dufklyh Irxqgdwlrq, wkh pdqdjhu ri wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj wudghpdun. Frqwdfw wkh Irxqgdwlrq dv vhw iruwk lq Vhfwlrq 3 ehorz. 1.I. 1.I.1. Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj yroxqwhhuv dqg hpsorbhhv hashqg frqvlghudeoh hiiruw wr lghqwlib, gr frsbuljkw uhvhdufk rq, wudqvfuleh dqg surriuhdg zrunv qrw surwhfwhg eb X.V. frsbuljkw odz lq fuhdwlqj wkh Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj froohfwlrq. Ghvslwh wkhvh hiiruwv, Surmhfw Jxwhqehuj hohfwurqlf zrunv, dqg wkh phglxp rq zklfk wkhb pdb eh vwruhg, pdb frqwdlq Ghihfwv, vxfk dv, exw qrw olplwhg wr, lqfrpsohwh, lqdffxudwh ru fruuxsw gdwd, wudqvfulswlrq huuruv, d frsbuljkw ru rwkhu lqwhoohfwxdo surshuwb lqiulqjhphqw, d ghihfwlyh ru gdpdjhg glvn ru rwkhu phglxp, d frpsxwhu yluxv, ru frpsxwhu frghv wkdw gdpdjh ru fdqqrw eh uhdg eb brxu htxlsphqw. 1.I.2. 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